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5-3 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations (Presentation)

This document discusses exponential and logarithmic equations. It defines natural logarithms as logarithms with base e, and explains the relationship between e and ln(x) as inverse functions. The Change-of-Base Theorem is introduced to find approximations of logarithms in other bases. Examples are provided of solving exponential equations by setting logarithmic expressions equal and solving, including equations involving base e. Properties of logarithms are revisited. Homework practice problems are assigned.

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Sandra Miller
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260 views11 pages

5-3 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations (Presentation)

This document discusses exponential and logarithmic equations. It defines natural logarithms as logarithms with base e, and explains the relationship between e and ln(x) as inverse functions. The Change-of-Base Theorem is introduced to find approximations of logarithms in other bases. Examples are provided of solving exponential equations by setting logarithmic expressions equal and solving, including equations involving base e. Properties of logarithms are revisited. Homework practice problems are assigned.

Uploaded by

Sandra Miller
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5-3 Exponential and

Logarithmic Equations
Unit 5 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Concepts and Objectives
 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations (Obj. #17)
 Identify e and ln x.

 Use the Change-of-Base Theorem to find


approximations of logarithms in other bases.
 Set up and solve exponential and logarithmic
equations.
e
 Suppose that $1 is invested at 100% interest per year,
compounded n times per year.
 According to the formula, the compound amount at
the end of 1 year will be n
 1 
A = 1 + 
 n
 As n increases, the value of A gets closer to some fixed
number, which is called e.
 e is approximately 2.718281828.
 Blind Date
Natural Logarithms
 Logarithms with base e are called natural logarithms,
since they occur in the life sciences and economics in
natural situations that involve growth and decay.
 The base e logarithm of x is written ln x.
 Therefore, e and ln x are inverse functions.
e ln x = ln e x = x
Change-of-Base Theorem

For any positive real numbers x, a, and b,


where a ≠ 1 and b ≠ 1:
log b x
log a x =
log b a

 Example: Find an approximation to four decimal places


for the logarithm log2 .7
log10 .7
log 2 .7 = ≈ −0.5146
log10 2
Exponential Equations

If x > 0, y > 0, a > 0, and a ≠ 1, then


x = y if and only if logax = logay

 Example: Solve 32 x −1 = .4 x +2 . Round to the nearest


thousandth.
log32 x −1 = log.4 x +2
(2x − 1) log3 = ( x + 2) log.4
2x log3 − log3 = x log.4 + 2log.4
2x log3 − x log.4 = 2log.4 + log3
x ( 2log3 − log.4 ) = 2log.4 + log3
2log.4 + log3
x= ≈ −0.236
2log3 − log.4
Properties of Logs, Revisited
 You could also solve this as
2log.4 + log3
x=
2log3 − log.4
log.42 + log3
=
log32 − log.4
log ( .16 i 3)
=
9 This is an
log  
 .4  exact answer.
log.48
=
log22.5
Solving a Logarithmic Equation
 Example: Solve log ( x + 6 ) − log ( x + 2) = log x
x +6
log = log x
x +2
x +6
=x
x +2
x + 6 = x ( x + 2)
x + 6 = x 2 + 2x
0 = x2 + x − 6
x2 + x − 6 = 0
( x + 3)( x − 2) = 0
x = −3, 2
Solving a Base e Equation
x2
 Example: Solve e = 200 and round your answer to the
nearest thousandth.
x2
ln e = ln200
x 2 = ln200
x = ± ln200
x ≈ ±2.302
Solving a Base e Equation
 Example: Solve ln e ln x − ln ( x − 3) = ln2
ln e ln x − ln ( x − 3) = ln2
ln x − ln ( x − 3) = ln2
x
ln = ln2
x −3
x
=2
x −3
x = 2x − 6
6=x
Homework
 College Algebra
 Page 457: 62-72 (even), 78, 80

 Turn in: 66, 68

 Page 464: 6-54 (×3s), 72-83 (×3s)

 Turn in: 12, 18, 36, 48, 75, 81

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