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 Interconnecting Voice
and Video over IP
Networks Using the
Cisco Unified Border
Element

BRKVVT-2305

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 Agenda

 Evolution of VoIP networks and Challenges

interconnecting them
 Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE) Overview
 Resolve VoIP Interconnect Challenges using
Cisco Unified Border Element
 Common Deployments using Cisco Unified Border
Element
 Summary

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 Evolution of VoIP
Networks and
Challenges
Interconnecting Them

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 IP PBX vs. TDM PBX

 IP PBXs have gained acceptance and are widely

deployed in today’s networks

IP PBX sales overtook TDM PBX sales in 2005

100

80
IP IP Became the
Investment Choice
60 TDM of Majority in 2005

40 Businesses require
converged communications
to remain competitive
20

0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Synergy
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 Why Buy an IP PBX
to Connect via TDM to PSTN?
The move to IP Trunking to the PSTN is based on:
 Confidence in IP network SLAs
 Migration from TDM to IP based voice networks
 Cost savings - OPEX
 No dependency on physical IP interconnect
 No 1:1 mapping between DID & physical TDM trunks
 Add on services such as video, presence, web based
conferencing & fixed mobile convergence
Class 4/5
Switch

Enterprise IP PBX
TDM-based PSTN
A
CUBE voice
+ data
PSTN
Service
SBC
Provider

Internet

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 Changing Landscapes:
VoIP Islands to VoIP Interconnects

Network B
A
IP IP

SBC SBC

Network A PSTN

 Voice networks are constantly evolving towards IP from

the traditional TDM connections
 As part of the evolution, disparate VoIP networks need
to be interconnected
 There are challenges when interconnecting these
islands of VoIP
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 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT/FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

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 Common VoIP Network Interconnects
Protocol IWF, Topology Hiding, CAC, Rich Media Enterprise
A
QoS, Security, Transcoding, CUCM VoIP PSTN Hop-Off
Interworking, RSVP Proxy, SLA Residential

CUBE

CUBE PSTN

A
CUBE
VoIP SP
2
CUBE VoIP SP 1
CUBE CUBE
SP–SP
Enterprise CUBE

Protocol IWF, Transcoding,

Topology Hiding, Security,
CUBE Billing, CAC, SLA, QoS
CUBE

SMB VPN Interconnect, QoS,

Hosted NAT traversal
Protocol IWF, Topology
Hiding, CAC, QoS,
Security, Transcoding Residential
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 Enterprise Interconnects
Enterprise CUCM

A
H.323 / SIP SIP SP Network
CUBE
CUBE

CUBE
PST
N

Benefits Challenges
 Convergence of Data and  Topology Hiding
Voice  Security
 Lower Cost for Long Distance  Protocol interoperability and
and International Calls interworking
 Increase in Worker  Redundancy and backup
Productivity because of
application convergence  Dial plan Management
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 Service Provider Interconnects

IP
Carrier A Carrier B
VoIP Network VoIP Network
CUBE CUBE

Benefits Challenges
 Peer with other SPs without  Security
using TDM Trunks or DSPs  Call Admission Control
 Provide services using and QoS
standards based VoIP  Voice call statistics and billing
protocols like H.323 or SIP
 Codec filtering and support
 SPs can have VoIP peering
with topology hiding  NAT / Firewall traversal
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 ―Two SIP entities should be able to talk to each
other, but often this isn’t the case.‖

John Guillaume, New Global Telecom Senior VP, Sales and Marketing.
From Nov 13, 2006 IP Business, “The Ever-Changing Demarc”

BRKVVT-2305
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 Cisco Unified
Border Element
(CUBE) Overview

BRKVVT-2305
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 What is a Session Border Controller?

SBC enables IP to IP interconnect between multiple

administrative domains for session based services

Signaling
IWF + NAT/FW
Traversal + Billing and CDR
Normalization

+
Security
Signaling/DOS = SBC
CAC and BW
Management + Rich Signaling
(TCL, Rotary) + Media IWF
(DTMF, Codec)

 SBC is a tool kit of functions

 Depending on the application and deployment scenario, a different
set of functions can be turned on/off

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 The Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE)
 Previously the ―Multiservice IP-to-IP Gateway‖ or Cisco IOS SBC
 CUBE Enables IP-to-IP Interconnect Between Multiple Administrative
Domains for Real-Time Interactive Sessions

PHY I/F NW element

Portfolio Interoperability
(CUCM)

TDM GW Rich Signaling IOS Feature

support (TCL, Rotary) Set
= CUBE
SBC
CDR & Billing Signaling Security
Normalization IWF Signaling/DOS  Cisco UBE is a tool kit
of functions

CAC & BW Media IWF NAT/FW  Depending on the

Management (DTMF, Codec) Traversal application and
deployment scenario, a
different set of functions
can be turned on/off
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 Cisco Session Border Controller Portfolio
Platform Support
Cisco XR12000
• Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE) is
integrated in Cisco IOS®

• Cisco IOS XR SBC is a provided via a AS5000XM

blade on the GSR12000
Performance

Cisco 7200 Cisco 7301

VXR
Cisco 3800
ISR

Cisco 3700
Cisco 2800
ISR CUBE supports
Cisco 1. IP-to-IP Calls
2600XM
2691 2. TDM Voice Calls
3. Gatekeeper
4. Routing

Capacity
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 Performance Capacity Recommendations for
CUBE Gateway Platforms

Multiple Features*
CUBE GW Only CUBE GW CUBE GW with
Platform (VAD ON) (VAD OFF) Software MTP
AS5000XM 1000 600 n/a
3845 750 525 250
3825 600 420 200
2851 600 280 125
2821 400 225 106
2811 200 112 53

* Basic H.323-to-SIP Voice calls with and G.711 20ms Codec

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 Cisco Unified Border Element IOS Images
INT VOICE/VIDEO, IPIP INT VOICE/VIDEO, IPIPGW,
Platform
GW, TDMIP GW TDMIP GW AES
Cisco 2600XM c2600-ipvoice_ivs-mz c2600-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz
Cisco 2691 c2691-ipvoice_ivs-mz c2691-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz
Cisco 2801 c2801-ipvoice_ivs-mz c2801-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz
Cisco 2811,2821,2851 c2800nm-ipvoice_ivs-mz c2800nm-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz
Cisco 3725 c3725-ipvoice_ivs-mz c3725-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz
Cisco 3745 c3745-ipvoice_ivs-mz c3745-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz
Cisco 3825 c3825-ipvoice_ivs-mz c3825-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz
Cisco 3845 c3845-ipvoice_ivs-mz c3845-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz
Cisco AS5350XM c5350-js_ivs-mz c5350-jk9su2_ivs-mz
Cisco AS5400XM c5400-js_ivs-mz c5400-jk9su2_ivs-mz
ADV ENTERPRISE ADV IP SERVICES W/LAWFUL
Platform
SERVICES INTERCEPT
Cisco 7200 c7200-adventerprisek9-mz c7200-adipservicesk9li-mz
Cisco 7301 c7301-adventerprisek9-mz c7301-adipservicesk9li-mz

NB: A Feature license is required for all platforms. (ie FL-INTVVSRV-3745=)

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 Cisco Unified Border Element
Architecture
Back-to-Back User Agent or Back-to-Back H.323 Gateway

 Actively involved in the call treatment – for signaling

and media packets
 Signaling is terminated, interpreted and then re-
originated.
 Media is handled in 2 different modes
Media Flow-Through
Media Flow-Around

 Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) are only required for

calls with dissimilar codecs

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 Cisco Unified Border Element Media Handling
Models

Media Flow-Around
CUBE
• Signaling terminated by CUBE
• Media bypasses the CUBE

IP

Media Flow-Through
CUBE
• Signaling and media terminated by
CUBE
• Transcoding and complete IP
IP address hiding require this model

BRKVVT-2305
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 Call Flow on the Cisco Unified Border Element
Originating Terminating
Endpoint (OGW) CUBE Endpoint (TGW)
Incoming VoIP Call Outgoing VoIP Call

CUBE

dial-peer voice 1 voip dial-peer voice 2 voip

destination-pattern 1000 destination-pattern 2000
incoming called-number .T session protocol sipv2
session target ipv4:192.168.10.50 session target ipv4:192.168.12.25
codec g711ulaw codec g711ulaw

1. Incoming VoIP setup message from OGW to CUBE

2. This matches an inbound VoIP dial peer 1 for characteristics such
as codec, VAD, DTMF method, protocol etc
3. CUBE then looks up called number in setup and matches
outbound VoIP dial peer 2
4. Outgoing VoIP setup message from CUBE to TGW
BRKVVT-2305
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 Resolve VoIP
Interconnect
Challenges Using
Cisco Unified
Border Element

BRKVVT-2305
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 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

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 Topology Hiding and NAT/FW Traversal
Topology
 Requirements Hiding

Maintain connectivity without exposing the IP network details

Interconnect networks which have overlapping IP Address
space

 Solution
CUBE in B2BUA mode can achieve complete topology hiding
for both the signaling and media streams
This helps maintain the security and operational independence
of both networks
This also allows for NAT and Firewall (FW) traversal as CUBE
changes the addresses to be outside addresses

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 Address Hiding
192.168.10.10 192.168.10.50 10.10.10.5 10.10.10.6

CUBE
Site A IP WAN
CUCM Cluster A CUBE IP WAN Third Party
Application Server
Site A - 192.168.10.x/24
10.10.10.0/27

 Ensures Site A and Site B never see each other’s CUCM cluster
IP address
 Within the same company - Between departments having
overlapping addresses
 Integrating new acquisition into the existing voice network..
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 Address Hiding: Configuration Options
Both sides of the network talk only to CUBE

Two Physical Interfaces SIP Proxy

A CUBE
(H.323-SIP)

H.323 SIP
SBC
CUBE

192.168.10.10 192.168.10.25 172.16.149.138 172.16.149.150

Single Physical Interface

SIP Proxy
A CUBE
(H.323-SIP)

H.323 SIP
CUBE
SBC

192.168.10.10 172.16.149.138 172.16.149.150

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 Address Hiding: Configuration Options

Single Physical and Loopback Interface

172.16.149.138 SIP Proxy
CUBE
A (H.323-SIP)

H.323 SIP
CUBE

192.168.10.10 192.168.10.25 172.16.149.150

Single Loopback Interface

SIP Proxy
A CUBE
(H.323-SIP)

H.323 SIP
CUBE

192.168.10.10 172.16.149.150
172.16.149.138
BRKVVT-2305
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 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

BRKVVT-2305
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 Security

 Requirements Security
Signaling/DOS
Authentication for calls and end point registrations
Signaling and Media Encryption for VoIP calls

 Solution
CUBE can provide encryption on both call legs
CUBE supports the standard form of authentication on SIP and
H.323 protocols
IOS voice stack on CUBE inherently protects against ―rogue‖
RTP packets and malformed signaling (SIP / H.323) packets
CUBE supports hostname validation for SIP end points

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 Secure VoIP Calls
IPSec TLS

CUBE CUBE

Encrypted call using SRTP RTP

H.323 Environment SIP Environment

 IPSec - Signaling Authentication  TLS - Signaling Authentication
and Encryption and Encryption
 SRTP - Media authentication and  Media in clear (sRTP support is
encryption on the roadmap)
 Keys are sent  Non TLS <-> TLS interworking
transparently across supported

You could also have IPSec tunnels terminating on CUBE for

both signaling and media on both sides for encryption
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 Digest Authentication for SIP

sip-ua
authentication username xxx password xxx

CUBE

 SIP Proxy can challenge INVITEs from Invite

[From< [email protected]>]
CUBE by sending 401 Unauthorized to
check if endpoint is valid
100 Trying
 CUBE responds by resending the
INVITE with appropriate credentials 401 Unauthorized

 CUBE can also send SIP REGISTER Invite

[Authorization: Digest
messages with credentials to the SIP Username, Password]

proxy
100 Trying

200 OK

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 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

BRKVVT-2305
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 Protocol Support and Interworking
Protocol
 Requirement Interworking

Large installed base of H.323 and increasing number of SIP

installations protocol interworking is required.
Interoperability within the same protocol might be required to
resolve product incompatibilities.

 Solution
CUBE supports H.323 and SIP protocols as well as interworking
between H.323 and SIP.
Basic Interworking support between H.323 Fast Start and Slow
Start Calls.

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 Signaling Interworking
In Leg Out Leg Support
H.323-H.323
Fast Start Fast Start Bi-Directional

Slow Start Slow Start Bi-Directional

Fast Start Slow Start Bi-Directional

In Leg Out Leg Support

SIP-SIP
Early Offer Early Offer Bi-Directional

Delayed Offer Delayed Offer Bi-Directional

FUTURE Delayed Offer Early Offer Uni-Directional

In Leg Out Leg Support

H.323-SIP
Interworking Fast Start Early Offer Bi-Directional

Slow Start Delayed Offer Bi-Directional

BRKVVT-2305
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 Enabling Protocol Support

Enabling the IP-to-IP Calls

CUBE#config t
CUBE(config)# voice service voip
CUBE(conf-voi-serv)#allow-connections h323 to h323
CUBE(conf-voi-serv)#allow-connections h323 to sip
CUBE(conf-voi-serv)#allow-connections sip to h323
CUBE(conf-voi-serv)#allow-connections sip to sip

It is mandatory to have Incoming and Outgoing VoIP Dial-peers with

required parameters like Protocol, Transport, Codec, CAC, QoS, etc

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 Fax and Modem Calls

H.323 / SIP H.323 / SIP

CUBE

 ITU T.38  Cisco Fax Relay

Switch over using standard Switch over using RTP based
signaling NSE events
Request Mode in H323 and  Modem Pass-through
ReINVITE in SIP
Switch over using RTP based
 Fax Pass-Through NSE events
Switch over using standard  Fallback support
signaling
Request Mode in H323 and
ReINVITE in SIP

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 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

BRKVVT-2305
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 DTMF Interworking
Media IWF
 Requirements (DTMF, Codec)

DTMF incompatibility between different devices

DTMF Interworking for different protocols is required

 Solution
CUBE supports 7 commonly used DTMF methods and 22
DTMF Interworkings
DSPs only required for the voice inband to RFC 2833 DTMF
conversion
The appropriate DTMF type must be configured at the incoming
and outgoing dialpeers

BRKVVT-2305
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 Rich DTMF Support
H.323 <-> H.323 H.323 <-> SIP SIP <-> SIP

H.323 H.323 H.323 SIP SIP SIP

H.245- H.245- H.245-
NOTIFY NOTIFY NOTIFY
Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric
• Bullet text 1
H.245-Signal H.245-Signal H.245-Signal NOTIFY RFC2833 NOTIFY
• Bullet text 2
RFC2833 RFC2833 RFC2833 NOTIFY RFC2833 RFC2833
• Bullet text 3
H.245- H.245- NOTIFY KPML
RFC2833 RFC2833
Alphanumeric • Bullet text 4
Alphanumeric

H.245-Signal RFC2833 • Bullet text RFC2833

H.245-Signal 5 RFC2833 KPML

Voice In-
RFC2833 • Bullet text RFC2833
RFC2833 6 KPML KPML
Band*
H.245- Voice In-
KPML RFC2833
alphanumeric Band*
All DTMF
interworking is Bi- H.245-Signal KPML
Directional
Voice In-
RFC2833 * Requires Transcoder => DSP
Band*
BRKVVT-2305
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 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

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 Codec Support and Filtering
 Requirement Media IWF
(DTMF, Codec)
Support multiple Voice and Video
codecs
Filter codecs on either call leg to
influence negotiation based on network
requirements

 Solution Voice Video*

CUBE can either allow end points to
G.711, G.729, H.261
negotiate the codec(s) or influence the G.726, G.728,
codec negotiation H.263
G.723, G.722, H.264
For a H.323 – H.323 call, all the codecs iLBC, Transparent
are passed through as is by CUBE
assuming H.245 pass-thru
is enabled OR the Bearer Capability in
H.323 Setup message is ―Video‖ * Video codec support for
H.323-H.323 calls
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 Cisco Unified Border Element Filters
the Codecs Being Passed
Outgoing Dial-Peer
Incoming Dial-Peer
dial-peer voice 9190 voip
dial-peer voice 919 voip
destination-pattern 919....
incoming called-number 919....
Filter session target ras
session target ras
codec g711ulaw
codec transparent
CUBE

g711ulaw, g726r32 g711ulaw

OGW TGW
Codecs: 1st Call Leg 2nd Call Leg
Codecs:
g711ulaw, g726r32, (H.323/SIP) (H.323/SIP) g711ulaw, g726r32
g7xx-non-std

g711ulaw g711ulaw

CUBE influences the choice of codec in this call

Only Codecs supported and configured on the Dial Peer are sent through
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 Cisco Unified Border Element Passes
Only Supported Codecs
Outgoing Dial-Peer
Incoming Dial-Peer
dial-peer voice 9190 voip
dial-peer voice 919 voip
destination-pattern 919....
incoming called-number 919....
session target ras
session target ras
codec transparent
codec transparent
CUBE
g711ulaw, g726r32

OGW TGW
Codecs: 1st Call Leg 2nd Call Leg
Codecs:
g711ulaw, g726r32, (H.323) (H.323) g711ulaw, g728
g7xx-non-std

g711ulaw, g728

Codec Transparent is a virtual codec – allows for ease of configuration

CUBE does not influence selection of supported codecs
BRKVVT-2305
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 Cisco Unified Border Element Passes
All Codecs Through
Global Outgoing Dial-Peer
Incoming Dial-Peer
voice service voip dial-peer voice 9190 voip
dial-peer voice 919 voip
h323 destination-pattern 919....
incoming called-number 919....
h245 passthru all session target ras
session target ras
codec transparent
codec transparent
CUBE
g711ulaw, g726r32, g7xx-non-std, h26x-non-std

OGW TGW
Codecs: 1st Call Leg 2nd Call Leg Codecs:
g711ulaw, g726r32, g711ulaw, g728,
g7xx-non-std, (H.323) (H.323) g7xx-non-std,
h26x-non-std h26x-non-std

g711ulaw, g728, g7xx-non-std, h26x-non-std

CUBE sends through all codecs it receives*

CUBE does not influence codec selection
BRKVVT-2305 * Also sent if Bearer Capability is VIDEO in H.323 Setup message
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 44
 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

BRKVVT-2305
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 Media Transcoding
Media IWF
(DTMF, Codec)
 Requirements
Bandwidth constraints at the edge of the network introduces
transcoding requirements
In case of VoIP interconnects, devices in the VoIP networks
might be running different codec types
Conversion between different codec types becomes a necessity
 Solution
CUBE uses Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) for converting one
codec type to another
DSPs can be on the same platform or on external router
CUBE can support up to 400 transcoding sessions on a single
device using transcoder optimization*
CUBE also supports Universal transcoding
*Need IOS 12.4(11)XW
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 Cisco Unified Border Element Supports
Universal Transcoding
Same Codec (Transcoder Free Operation)
G.711, A IP Phones:
G.729 SP VoIP Enterprise G.711, G.729
Network Network
Transcoding Required

iLBC, iSAC, Internet

CUBE
Speex Telephony CUBE 802.11 Phones:
CUBE
GW/SBC: G.711, G.723.1, G.726, G.711, G.729, G.722,
G.728, G.729/a, iLBC, G.722

 CUBE supports universal List of codecs supported

transcoding (any to any g711alaw 64Kbps
voice codec)* g711ulaw 64Kbps
g723r53 5.3Kbps
e.g. iLBC to G.711 or iLBC
to G.729 g723r63 6.3Kbps
g729 (all variants) 8Kbps
ilbc
*Need IOS 12.4(11)XW
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 47
 Transcoding Call Flow
with Cisco Unified Border Element
G.729 Voice GW
G.711

CUCM
Cluster

 CUCM setups up a H.323

SCCP
G.711ulaw Call to CUBE
 CUBE setups a SIP call and CUBE
H.323
negotiates G.729r8 on the
SIP
second leg
 CUBE detects that the codecs RTP(G.711)
on the 2 call legs are DSP
mismatched RTP(G.729)
Farm
 Transcoding is NOT supported
for same codec, different
packetization
BRKVVT-2305
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 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

BRKVVT-2305
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 Call Admission Control (CAC)
CAC and QoS
 Requirements
Control number of calls based on resources and bandwidth
Proactively reserve resources for good quality video calls
Ensure traffic adheres to QoS policies within each network

 Solution
CUBE can provide six different CAC mechanisms
Total calls, CPU, Memory, IP call capacity,
Max-connections, RSVP
CAC mechanisms ensure good QoS for video and voice calls
and help meet the SLA
CUBE allows remarking and setting of QoS parameters based
on network requirements
BRKVVT-2305
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 CAC Based on
Total Calls, CPU or Memory
Global Command
call threshold global [total-calls | cpu-5sec | cpu-avg | total-mem | low
<low-threshold> high <high-threshold>

call treatment on

call treatment cause-code ?

busy Insert cause code indicating the GW is busy (17)
no-QoS Insert cause code indicating the GW can't provide QOS (49)
no-resource Insert cause code indicating the GW has no resource (47)

High Water Mark

Low Water Mark

CUBE

 Call threshold values for total concurrent calls or CPU or memory

to be handled by CUBE can be defined
 Call treatment can be turned on to handle the call once the CAC
limit is reached
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 51
 CAC Based on IP Call Capacity

gatekeeper
endpoint circuit-id h323id CUBE1 AA max-calls 500
GK

voice service voip

allow-connections h323 to h323
h323
ip circuit max-calls 1500
CUBE ip circuit carrier-id AA reserved-calls 1000

Number Is Twice Because of

Two Call Legs

 IP call capacity on CUBE works in conjunction with the Cisco Gatekeeper

(GK)
 Call counting mechanism does not take into account the codec type used –
this is taken into account by enabling bandwidth management on the Cisco
GK
 This only works if at least 1 call leg on CUBE is using H.323
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 52
 CAC Based on Max Connections
dial-peer voice 1 voip
max-conn 2
CUCM cluster A CUCM cluster B

PBX Call #1
A Call #2 A

Call #3
CUBE

Call #3
Rejected by CUBE

 Restricting the number of concurrent calls that can be

active on a VoIP dial peer
 Max-Conn works on individual dial-peers, does not
provide CAC for the entire gateway
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 53
 CAC Based on RSVP

RSVP

CUBE CUBE
Site A IP WAN Site B
Site A CUBE CUBE Site B
CUCM CUCM
Cluster Cluster
Site A Site B

interface FastEthernet0/0
 Synchronization of RSVP ip rsvp bandwidth 1000 1000
with H.323 signaling to
dial-peer voice 10 voip
ensure that the bandwidth
destination-pattern 2...
reservation is established
session target ras
 RSVP ensures that req-qos guaranteed-delay audio
bandwidth is reserved before req-qos guaranteed-delay video
the far end phone rings acc-qos guaranteed-delay audio
acc-qos guaranteed-delay video
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 54
 Quality of Service (QoS)
Input Interface Output Interface
Police Mark

Police Mark Queue

Classify Queue Shape
Police Mark Queue

Police Mark

 Re-mapping of ToS bits and DSCP between networks for QoS

enforcement
 The signaling as well as media packets could be re-marked
appropriately before sending out the traffic into the network
dial-peer voice 100 voip
ip qos dscp ef media
ip qos dscp af31 signaling
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 55
 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 56
 Call Detail Records and Billing
Voice Call
 Requirements Statistics

Need for getting call detail records for IP-to-IP calls

Require this for appropriate billing as well as ensure SLAs
are met

 Solution
CUBE can generate billing records via Radius VSAs or syslog
just like standard IOS voice GWs
CUBE will provide voice quality statistics and call statistics

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 57
 Call Detail Records and Billing
A AAA
B C D
SP A
CUBE Network

CUBE CUBE
CUBE
Network Network
Enterprise A Demarc Demarc

SP Management Domain Enterprise B

Collect VoIP Performance
Statistics here

 Conference ID is unique  Voice quality statistics based

on both call legs on RFC3550
 Conference ID can be  Packet loss
used to correlate the
 Jitter
billing records
 Delay
 Call-ID is also included
in the CDR
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 58
 Challenges Faced Interconnecting Voice
and Video Networks

 Topology Hiding and NAT / FW

traversal
 Security
 Protocol Support and Interworking
 DTMF Interworking
 Codec Support and Filtering
 Media Transcoding
 Call Admission Control
 Voice Call Statistics
 Redundancy and Backup

BRKVVT-2305
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 Redundancy and Backup
Redundancy &
 Requirements Backup

Ensure high availability in case primary interconnect between

the VoIP Networks is down
Provide methods for back up if SBC is out of resources as well
as scaling mechanims

 Solution
CUBE can use network resiliency techniques such as HSRP for
redundancy
CUBE also leverages the standard Voice GW functions for
backup such as SRST
Uses different types of scaling methods in SIP and H.323 such
as DNS SRV or Gatekeeper

BRKVVT-2305
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 Redundancy with HSRP
Primary interface FastEthernet0/0
10.1.1.2 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
standby ip 10.1.1.1
standby priority 200
CUBE standby preempt
HSRP 10.1.1.1

interface FastEthernet0/0
Secondary ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
10.1.1.3 CUBE standby ip 10.1.1.1
standby priority 100

 Endpoints point towards the Virtual HSRP IP Address

 Calls would normally be handled by the Primary
CUBE
 If the Primary CUBE fails, the Secondary CUBE
handles the new calls
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 61
 Co-located Cisco Unified Border
Element, TDM GW and SRST GW
CUBE Can Be Run on the same router that has
TDM Interfaces and is the Survivable Remote Site
Telephony (SRST) Router
PSTN

 TDM connections (FXO, PRI) to

provide backup to the PSTN in case
IP link goes down – this is achieved
via dial-peer rotary function on CUBE
CUCM
CUBE WAN

 CUBE also acts as the SRST

(Survivable Remote Site Telephony)
router in case connection to HQ IP CUBE
CUCM goes down – all IP phones at
that site rehome to CUBE as their HQ
Branch
backup ―CUCM‖
BACKUP to
PSTN

TDM
CUBE

BRKVVT-2305
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 Scaling in SIP Networks
_sip._udp.cube IN SRV 10 1 5060 cube1. com
IN SRV 10 2 5060 cube2.com
A cube1 IN A 10.10.10.5
DNS Server cube2 IN A 10.10.10.6

Invite
Media GWs
CUCM Cluster CAC limit reached

500 Internal
Server Error PSTN
Q.850=44 10.10.10.5
SBC
CUBE
Invite CUBE

10.10.10.6 SBC
CUBE Pool

1. Define CAC using total calls or max-conn

2. When number of calls exceed, server error 500 is sent back
3. SIP Proxy chooses the next IP Address provided by the DNS
SRV record
4. Call is now sent to the next CUBE in the DNS SRV record
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 63
 Scaling in H.323 Networks
Load-Balancing across the CUBEs can be done
 Round Robin algorithm
 Percentage Based algorithm

A Clustered Gatekeepers

GK GK GK

CUCM Cluster CUBE

CUBE CUBE

Media GWs

VoIP
PSTN

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 64
 Common
Deployment
Scenarios with
Cisco Unified
Border Element

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 65
 Common Deployment Scenarios for
Cisco Unified Border Element
The most common scenarios where CUBE is
deployed are as below:

1. Interconnecting IP PBXs (CUCM, CCME)

2. Interconnecting Cisco Unified CM to a SIP trunk
3. Interconnecting Video end points
4. Hosted NAT traversal for SIP

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 66
 Interconnecting
IP PBXs
(CUCM, CCME)

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 67
 Interconnect CUCM Clusters
Using Cisco Unified Border Element

SB H.323 H.323
H.323 C

CUBE
CUBE IP WAN
SJ RTP
CUBE CUBE
CUCM Cluster San Jose CUCM cluster RTP

 CUBE does H.323 <-> H.323 call signaling between

clusters
 CUBE registers to CUCM as a H.323 GW or
H.225 trunk
 CUBE provides address hiding and CAC
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 68
 Configuration for
Cisco Unified Border Element & CUCM

SB H.323 H.323
H.323 C

CUBE IP WAN CUBE

SJ RTP
CUBE CUBE
CUCM Cluster San Jose CUCM cluster RTP
voice service voip
allow-connections h323 to h323
h323
emptycapability
h225 id-passthru
h245 passthru tcsnonstd-passthru
Route Pattern: 2XXX !
Route List: RTP_RL interface FastEthernet0/1
Route Group: RTP_RG ip address 10.10.1.10 255.255.255.0
GW – H.323 Gateway !
Wait for H.245 Capability Exchange unchecked dial-peer voice 10 voip
destination-pattern 2...
session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
codec transparent
MTP is not required if the CUCM !
dtmf-relay h245-alphanumeric

version is higher than 4.1(3) and dial-peer voice 11 voip

destination-pattern 1...
CUBE IOS is higher than 12.4(6)T session target ipv4:10.2.2.1
codec transparent
BRKVVT-2305 dtmf-relay h245-alphanumeric
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 69
 Cisco Unified Border Element
as H.450 Tandem Gateway

H.323

H.323
CCME Site 1
CUBE IP WAN
CUBE
CUCM Cluster
H.323
HQ Site
CCME Site 2

 CCM uses EmptyCapabilitySet (ECS) and CCME uses H.450 for

supplementary services
 CUBE acts as a Tandem Gateway to enable supplementary calls
like call hold, transfer, forward, etc.
 The reference below covers the necessary configuration:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps4625/products_implementa
tion_design_guide_chapter09186a00805f083a.html#wp1071815

BRKVVT-2305
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 Interconnecting
Cisco Unified CM
to a SIP Trunk

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 71
 Interconnecting CUCM to SIP Trunk
Enterprise CUCM

A
H.323 / SIP SIP
CUBE SP Network
CUBE

CUBE
/MTP PST
N

 SIP trunking provides a cost effective solution for PSTN access

 When connecting to a SIP trunk – there are specific UNI
requirements that must be met to ensure connectivity
 The recommended method of connecting SIP trunks to CUCM is
with CUBE
 This is discussed in detail in the BRKVVT-2006 session

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 72
 Why Cisco Unified Border Element as CPE?
Service Provider Benefits: Enterprise Benefits:
 Security via topology / address  Topology hiding to provide
hiding for the SP network security for Enterprise network
 Act as the demarc point to allow  Meet SP UNI requirements via
operational independence of both SIP message normalization &
the SP & CUCM network protocol interworking
 Allow SP to ensure appropriate  Redundancy via HSRP & CUCM
QoS marking route list / route group redundancy
 Normalize SIP headers in  DTMF interworking & transcoder
messages into SP network
 Co-resident on same physical
 Call security by SIP digest device as TDM GW, SRST GW
authentication for SP and / or MTP
 Failover or backup via TDM trunks
& SRST

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 73
 Cisco IOS SBC Config for SIP Trunking
CUBE
Enterprise CUCM / MTP

A
H.323 SIP SP Network
CUBE
CUBE

PSTN

H.323 Gateway,
MTP required,
H.323 Faststart
enabled for sip-ua
Inbound & authentication username cisco password cisco realm cisco.com
Outbound calls !
dial-peer voice 1 voip
destination-pattern 9T
session protocol sipv2
voice service voip session target dns:cisco..com
allow-connections h323 to sip codec g711ulaw
allow-connections sip to h323 !
! dial-peer voice 4 voip
interface GigabitEthernet0/0 destination-pattern 3…
ip address 200.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 session target ipv4:192.168.1.10
! incoming called-number .T
Interface GigabitEthernet 0/1 codec g711ulaw
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
BRKVVT-2305
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 Interconnection
Video Deployments
via Cisco Unified
Border Element

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 75
 Interconnecting Video Endpoints with
Cisco Unified Border Element
A

CUCM
Cluster

Video Endpoint

Public
GK
GK1

CUBE

Video Endpoint Video Endpoint DMZ

Video Endpoint

 CUBE acts as the H.323 video proxy for NAT / Firewall (FW) traversal
 CUBE provides appropriate QoS by packet marking & uses various CAC
methods to ensure video call quality
 IOS Gatekeeper can be co-resident on the same router platform
 Firewall only opens pinholes for CUBE – protecting the rest of the network
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 76
 Difference Between MCM Proxy and
Cisco Unified Border Element

 CUBE implements most of the MCM Proxy

functionality within the Cisco MCM Supported on 2500,
and also includes: 2600, 3600, 7200 and
MC3810
H.323 V4 Support (H.323 v3 only)
RSVP call synchronization
Support for additional codecs for voice
and video (H.264, for example)
Ability to register multiple CUBEs to a
single Cisco IOS GK and load balance
across them
 The CUBE is the recommended
solution for new H.323 video network
deployments
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 77
 Video Deployment Scenarios
Pin Holes Open for
Scenario #1 GK2 UDP 1719 & GK2 - public GK
TCP 1720

RAS
RAS GK2
GK1
Internet
RAS CUBE Video Endpoint

Video Endpoint

Pin Holes Open for Pin Holes Open for

Scenario #2 GK2 UDP 1719 & GK1 UDP 1719 & Video
TCP 1720 TCP 1720 Endpoint
RAS

GK1 GK2
Internet
CUBE CUBE
RAS

Video Endpoint
RAS

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 78
 Video Deployment Scenarios
Pin Holes Open
Scenario #3 for GK1 UDP 1719
& TCP 1720
Video Endpoint

GK1 Internet

RAS CUBE RAS

Video Endpoint

Pin Holes Open for

Scenario #4 GK2 TCP 1720

RAS

Internet Video Endpoint

GK2

CUBE
H.323
Video Endpoint DMZ

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 79
 Hosted NAT
Traversal for SIP

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 80
 NAT Traversal for SIP

 Requirements
For Service Providers that have residential VoIP services – they
need to maintain topology hiding for security reasons
Home SIP endpoints will have overlapping IP Address subnets
Home routers will not translate the IP Addresses within SIP
messages — non-SIP ALG aware

 Solution
CUBE in NAT traversal mode solves the translation of the
embedded IP Addresses untranslated by the non-SIP aware
router
CUBE acts as the proxy and forwards SIP messages between
home router and SP network.

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 81
 SIP NAT Traversal: Typical Deployment
Data Router does L3 PATing
Outbound only, will not change the Inside Outside
Proxy=20.20.20.5 embedded SIP IP Address

Linksys ATA Data Router CUBE

SIP Proxy Server

Phone Home User SP Network

CUBE looks into the SIP Messages and translates

the private embedded SIP IP Address to the
configured Outside IP Address.

Inside to Inside Calls Inside to/from Outside Calls

 Media Flow around  Media Flow-Through
 Media Flow through
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 82
 SIP NAT Traversal: Configuration
Inside Outside
Outbound
Proxy=20.20.20.5 SIP Proxy Server

CUBE
Linksys ATA Data Router SP Network

ip nat sip-sbc
Phone Home User
proxy 20.20.20.5 5060 192.168.10.10 5060 protocol udp
session-timeout 7200
mode allow-flow-around
override port

SIP Phones Supporting Symmetric

Signaling and Media (e.g. Linksys ATA)
Can Be Used Behind the Home Router

SIP Phones Not Supporting Symmetric Note:

Signaling and Media, PAT Should Be 1. SIP phones cannot have same IP Address
Disabled and Traffic for Port 5060 Should 2. SIP phones must send NAT Keepalives to
Be Allowed to Pass keep the home router’s pin holes open
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 83
 Summary

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 84
 Value of the Cisco Unified Border Element
Integrated, Secure, Reliable Communications
• Integrated Routing/Switching/Security
• Cisco Unified Border Element functionality is embedded in Cisco IOS
• Integrated Transcoding and Media Termination Point for CUCM installs

Advanced Features
• Universal Transcoding – Any Codec to Any Codec Transcoding
• Voice XML and TCL Support
• Protocol Interworking
• Stateful NAT Traversal support

Smooth Integration of TDM and IP Trunking

• Cisco Unified Border Element can support variety of TDM interfaces
providing a smooth integration of both PSTN and IP Trunking
• Minimal learning curve for customers familiar with existing voice gateways
• Same SIP stack across all Cisco voice entities

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 85
 What is on the Horizon?
Cisco Unified Border Element continues to add more
features to help seamlessly interconnect VoIP Networks
 Video
Enabling Business to Business Cisco TelePresence
Support for H.235 and H.239 protocols
Support for video on SIP – SIP calls

 IP Trunking
Early Offer to Delayed Offer interworking for SIP - SIP
Enhance supplementary service support for SIP – SIP and SIP – H.323
Enabling SIP trunk interconnects for CVP (Call Center deployments)
Support for IPv6 for SIP and H.323

 Security
Enhance integration of IOS security features (firewall, CBAC) with
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1
CUBE
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 86
 Final Thoughts – GOT CUBE?
Cisco Unified Border Element is part of Cisco’s Session
Border Controller portfolio

 CUBE is not a standalone device – it runs on integrated

network routers that perform other functions such as
routing, QoS, WAN termination etc.
 Voice networks are constantly evolving – CUBE helps
interconnect these networks that are in various stages
of evolution
 CUBE helps solve the more common VoIP interconnect
problems without enhancing the core networks
themselves

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 87
 Resources

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 88
 Online References

 Cisco Unified Border Element (IPIPGW) General

Information (Datasheet, Q&A)
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps5640/index
.html

 Cisco Unified Border Element (IPIPGW) Configuration

Guide
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps5640/produ
cts_installation_and_configuration_guides_list.html

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 89
 Related Sessions

 BRKVVT-2010: Designing Voice Gateways and Media

Resources in Enterprise Networks
 BRKVVT-2006: SIP Trunks for PSTN Access
 BRKVVT-1013: Cisco Unified Customer Voice Portal
4.0 and Roadmap

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 90
 Recommended Reading
 Continue your Networkers at Cisco Live
learning experience with
further reading from Cisco Press
 Suggested books:
Cisco Voice Gateways and Gatekeepers
[1-58705-258-X]
Cisco IP Communications Express:
CallManager Express with Cisco Unity Express
[1-58705-180-X]

Available Onsite at the

Cisco Company Store
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 91
 Q&A

Q and A

BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 92
 Complete Your Online
Session Evaluation

 Win fabulous prizes; give us

your feedback
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13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 93
BRKVVT-2305
13662_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 94