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Computer Networks

The document discusses data communication and networks. It defines data communication and lists its key elements. It also defines and describes different types of networks including LAN, WAN, and hybrid networks. It explains intranets and how they enable internal communication within an organization. It provides a brief history of the internet and how it has evolved. It lists some common applications of the internet like the world wide web, email, file transfers, social media. It also mentions creating email accounts and sending/receiving emails. Finally, it provides references used for the information.

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Syed Faizan
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
112 views

Computer Networks

The document discusses data communication and networks. It defines data communication and lists its key elements. It also defines and describes different types of networks including LAN, WAN, and hybrid networks. It explains intranets and how they enable internal communication within an organization. It provides a brief history of the internet and how it has evolved. It lists some common applications of the internet like the world wide web, email, file transfers, social media. It also mentions creating email accounts and sending/receiving emails. Finally, it provides references used for the information.

Uploaded by

Syed Faizan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Data communication

 Network
 Types of network
o LAN, WAN
 Internet and Intranet
 Application of Internet
 LAB:
o Working with Browser (internet explorer etc)
o Email account creation
o Composing, Sending, & Receiving E-mails
o Text and Voice messages

Data Communication and Networks..........................................................................................2


Data Communications............................................................................................................2
Elements of Data Communications....................................................................................2
Networks................................................................................................................................2
Types of Networks..............................................................................................................2
Intranet...................................................................................................................................3
Internet..................................................................................................................................3
Application of Internet...........................................................................................................4
Working with Browser...........................................................................................................4
Email account creation...........................................................................................................4
Sending, receiving, composing emails...................................................................................4
Data Communication and Networks
Data Communications
Transfer of information or data from one point to another is called data communications.
The term data communication can generally be defined as the movement of encoded
information by means of electrical transmission systems. It is used to reduce the time
required to transfer data from a point of origin to the computer and from the computer to
point of use.

Elements of Data Communications


The four elements of data communication system are:

1. Sender: the computer or electronic device that generates or transfers data.


2. Receiver: the computer or electronic device that receives data.
3. Medium: the carrier that carries data or the path through which data travels.
4. Message: the contents passed between sender and receiver

Message

Sender Receiver
Medium

Elements of Data Communication System

Networks
A network is an interconnection of several different stations (nodes) by communication
links. A network is a set of technologies that can be used to connect computers together
that enable them to communicate, exchange information, and share resources in real time.
The set of technologies includes hardware, software, and media.

Networks allow many users to access shared data and programs almost instantly. Networks
open up new ways to communicate, such as email and instant messaging. By allowing users
to share expensive hardware resources such as printers, networks reduce the cost of
running an organization.

Types of Networks
There are two main types of networks

1. Local Area Networks (LAN)


2. Wide Area Networks (WAN)
3. Hybrid Networks
1. Local Area Networks (LAN): A local area network consists of several devices (nodes)
such as computers and printers. LAN contains computers that are relatively near each
other and are physically connected using cables, infrared links, or wireless media. Any
network that exists within a single building, or even a group of adjacent buildings, is
considered a LAN.
2. Wide Area Networks (WAN): Typically, a wide area network is two or more LANs
connected together, generally across a wide geographical area. These remote
LANs are connected through a telecommunication network (a phone company) or
via the internet through and internet service provider (ISP). However, a WAN
does not have to include any LAN systems.
3. Hybrid Networks: Besides these two main types of networks, hybrid networks are
also found. Hybrid networks are between LAN and WAN structures, such as
Campus Area Network (CAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).

Intranet
Intranet is the kind of privatized computer network that makes use of existing technologies
and internet protocols for sharing and communicating with all the connected network of
same organization. The word “Intra” means “within.” So, an “intranet” is a web within a
network. An intranet connects people within a network. So your intranet is simply a website
within your company’s network that (mostly) only employees can access.

They are fundamentally designed for the intra networks for collaborating the work activities
of all the people involved in one organization. Regardless of location, intra networks are an
effective way for information sharing. In these networks all the internal websites can be fully
accessed by all the workers dealing within an organization. Many educational and
governmental institutes are using intra network framework for communicating at different
campuses of same institutions. Memos and circulars can be circulated easily by using the
intra networks Internet.

Internet
In simple words, Internet is a network of networks in which users at any one computer can
get information from any other compute (if they have permissions). The Internet,
sometimes called simply "the Net". It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was known as the “ARPANet”. The
original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a research computer at one
university to "talk to" research computers at other universities.

Now a day, the Internet is a public, cooperative and self-sustaining facility accessible to
hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Physically, the Internet uses a portion of the total
resources of the currently existing public telecommunication networks. The Internet
consists of different kinds of networks that have very different kinds of hardware and
software technologies. To communicate across these different kinds of networks, the
Internet uses a set of protocols called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol).

Application of Internet
The most commonly used Internet services are:

 the World Wide Web


 Electronic mail (E-mail): way of off-line communication
 News
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Transferring of Files
 Chatting system: way of on-line communication
 Online Services (such online sales and purchase systems, online books borrowing
/landing etc)
 Social media

Assignment: Describe each one of them briefly.

Working with Browser


Write in your own words how you work with internet explorer or any browser you are
familiar with.

Email account creation


Write steps in your words.

Sending, receiving, composing emails


Write steps in your words.
REFERENCES:

 Introduction to Computers, 6th Edition, Peter Norton, Chapter 7A.


 Fundamental Concepts of Computer Systems, Asiya Sultan Ali and Amena Nudrat, Ch
08
 IT Concepts, Nain Kanwal
 http://www.wifinotes.com/computer-networks/what-is-intranet.html
 https://www.thoughtfarmer.com/blog/what-is-an-intranet-definitive-explanation/
 http://whatis.techtarget.com/glossary/Internet-Technologies

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