Assignment #1 - Solution 1

Problem 1 (30 marks)

By using the slope deflection method draw the moment diagram for the structure given
below. EI=1000 kNm2
8kN/m 40kN

A B C
1.2m 1m 1m

Step 1 The unknowns are joint rotations θ B and θC

Step 2 The stiffness coefficients,

For member AB (Note that Left end is A, right end is B) L=1.2 m, EI=1000 kNm2
4 EI
) AB
( mθ 22= = 3333.33kNm / rad
L

2 EI
( mθ 12=
) AB = 1666.67 kNm / rad
L

For member BC (Note that Left end is B, right end is C) L=2 m, EI=1000 kNm2
4 EI
( mθ 22=
) AB = 2000kNm / rad
BC L

2 EI
( mθ 12=
) AB = 1000kNm / rad
BC L

2 EI
( mθ 21=
) AB = 1000kNm / rad
BC L

4 EI
( mθ 11=
) AB = 2000kNm / rad
BC L

Step 3 The fixed end moments

For member AB L=1.2m, q=8kN/m
qL2
M1 AB =
− −0.96kNm
=
12

qL2
M=
2AB = 0.96kNm
12

49047 FEA Erkmen

1
 For member BC L=2m, a=1m, b=1m, P=40kN

Pab 2
M1 BC =
− 2 = −10kNm
L

Pa 2b
=
M2BC = 10kNm
L2
Step 4 Equilibrium

( mθ 22 ) AB θ B + ( mθ 11 ) BC θ B + ( mθ 12 )BC θC + M2 AB + M1BC =
0

( mθ 21 ) BC θ B + ( mθ 22 ) BC θC + M2 BC =
0

5333.33θ B + 1000θC − 9.04 =

0

1000θ B + 2000θC + 10 =
0

From the solution of the Equilibrium equations

θ B = 0.0029 rad, θC = −0.00645 rad

Step 5 Calculate the moments at the ends of the beams

M AB ( mθ 12 ) AB θ B + M1 AB → 1666.67 ( 0.0029 ) −=
= 0.96 3.88

M BA
= ( mθ 22 ) AB θ B + M2 AB → 3333.33 ( 0.0029 ) +=
0.96 10.6kNm

( mθ 11 ) BC θ B + ( mθ 12 )BC θC + M1BC → 1000 ( −0.00645) + 2000 ( 0.0029 ) − 10 =

M BC = −10.6kNm

Step 6 Change the sign convention and draw moment diagrams.

-10.60

qL2
A 8
3.88 -1.92 C
PL
B 4

14.70 Moment Diagram

7.27
25.30

B
C
A
-7.27 2.33 -14.70 Shear force Diagram
-16.87

2
Problem 2 (70 marks)
Determine the member end moments and forces for the frame shown by the slope-
deflection method. EI=1000 kNm2
40kN
A B

5m
7m
D
C
3m 4m
Step 1 Determine the unknowns: Joint rotations θ A and θ B and translations ∆

40kN
∆ θΑ θΒ ∆

5m
7m

3m 4m
Step 2 Stiffness coefficients
For member CA (Note that Left end is C, right end is A) L=7m, EI=1000 kNm2
Only right end of member CA is allowed to rotate. Thus mθ 11 mθ 21 , tθ 11 , and
tθ 21 are not needed
4 EI
( mθ 22=)CA = 571kNm / rad
L
2 EI
( mθ 12=)CA = 286kNm / rad
L

Member CA has a relative end displacement ∆

6 EI
tθ 12 =
= 122kN / rad
L2
6 EI
tθ 22 =
= 122kN / rad
L2
6 EI
m∆1 = − 2 = −122kNm / m
L
6 EI
m∆ 2 = − 2 = −122kNm / m
L
12 EI
t ∆1 = − 3 = −35kN / m
L
12 EI
t ∆ 2 = − 3 = −35kN / m
L

3
For member AB (Note that Left end is A, right end is B) L=7 m, EI=1000 kNm2

4 EI
( mθ 11=
) AB = 571kNm / rad
L

2 EI
( mθ 21=
) AB = 286kNm / rad
L

4 EI
( mθ 22=
) AB = 571kNm / rad
L

2 EI
) AB
( mθ 12= = 286kNm / rad
L

Member AB has no relative end displacement. Thus the stiffness coefficients tθ 11

tθ 12 , tθ 21 , tθ 22 , m∆1 , m∆ 2 , t∆1 and t∆ 2 are not needed.

For member BD (Note that Left end is B, right end is D) L=5 m, EI=1000 kNm2

4 EI
( mθ 11=
) BD = 800kNm / rad
L

2 EI
( mθ 21=
) BD = 400kNm / rad
L

Only left end of member BD is allowed to rotate. Thus mθ 22 , mθ 12 tθ 12 and tθ 22 are

not needed

Members BD has a relative end displacement ∆

6 EI
tθ 11
= = 240kN / rad
L2
6 EI
tθ 21 =
= 240kN / rad
L2
6 EI
m∆1 = − 2 = −240kNm / m
L
6 EI
m∆ 2 = − 2 = −240kNm / m
L
12 EI
t∆1 = − 3 = −96kN / m
L
12 EI
t∆ 2 =− 3 = −96kN / m
L

4
Step 3 The fixed end moments

For member AB L=7m, a=3m, b=4m, P=40kN

Pab 2
M1 AB =
− 2 = −39.2kNm
L

Pa 2b
=
M2AB = 29.4kNm
L2

Step 4 Equilibrium Equations

( mθ 22 )CA θ A + ( m∆ 2 )CA ∆ + ( mθ 11 ) AB θ A + ( mθ 12 )AB θ B + M1AB =0

A
MAB

MAC
0
M AC + M AB =

( mθ 21 ) AB θ A + ( mθ 22 ) AB θ B + M2 AB + ( mθ 11 ) BD θ B + ( m∆1 ) BD ∆ =0
MBA B

MBD
0
M BA + M BD =

( tθ 22 )CA θ A + ( t∆ 2 )CA ∆ + ( tθ 11 ) BD θ B + ( t∆1 ) BD ∆ =0

∆ ∆
A B
θΑ θΒ
VAC VBD
0
VCA + VBD =

By substituting the numerical values of the stiffness coefficients and the fixed end
moments the equilibrium equations become

1142θ A + 286θ B − 122∆ − 39.2 = 0

286θ A + 1371θ B − 240∆ + 29.4 = 0
122θ A + 240θ B − 131∆ = 0

From the solution of the Equilibrium equations

θ A = 0.0402 rad, θ B = −0.0343 rad and ∆ = −0.0253 m

5
 Step5 Calculate the moments and shear forces at the ends of the beams by superimposing
the moments and shear forces due to fixed end moments and the moments due to end
rotations and deflections.

M CA = (mθ 12 )CA θ A + (m∆1 )CA ∆ = 286 × 0.0402 + 122 × 0.0253 = 14.58kNm

M AC = (mθ 22 )CA θ A + (m∆ 2 )CA ∆ = 571 × 0.0402 + 122 × 0.0253 = 26.04kNm
M AB = (mθ 11 )AB θ A + (mθ 12 )AB θ B + M1 AB = 571 × 0.0402 − 286 × 0.0343 − 39.2 = −26.05kNm
M BA = (mθ 21 )AB θ A + (mθ 22 )AB θ B + M2 AB = 286 × 0.0402 − 571 × 0.0343 + 29.4 = 21.31kNm
M BD = (mθ 11 )BD θ B + (m∆1 )BD ∆ = −800 × 0.0343 + 240 × 0.0253 = −21.37 kNm
M DB = (mθ 21 )BD θ B + (m∆ 2 )BD ∆ = −400 × 0.0343 + 240 × 0.0253 = −7.65kNm
VCA = (tθ 22 )CA θ A + (t ∆ 2 )CA ∆ = 122 × 0.0402 + 35 × 0.0253 = 5.79kN
VBD = (tθ 11 )BD θ B + (t ∆1 )BD ∆ = −240 × 0.0343 + 96 × 0.0253 = −5.80kN

Step6 Change the sign convention and draw moment and shear force diagrams

M1 M2 M1 -M2

V1
=
V2 -V1 -V2

M CA = 14.58kNm (keep the sign because it is the left end of member CA)
M AC = −26.04kNm (change the sign because it is the right end of member CA)
M AB = −26.05kNm (keep the sign because it is the left end of member AB)
M BA = −21.31kNm (change the sign because it is the right end of member AB)
M BD = −21.37 kNm (keep the sign because it is the left end of member BD)
M DB = 7.65kNm (change the sign because it is the right end of member BD)
VCA = −5.79kN (change the signs for shear forces)
VBD = 5.8kN (change the signs for shear forces)

Moment Diagram Shear force Diagram

-26.05
-25.9 -21.5
-21.31 23.5
B
-25.9 Pab -21.37
-21.5 A
-26.04 A B -16.6
L -5.8 -16.5
44.9
44.55
kNm kN
7.657.9 D -5.8
C C
14.5
14.58 D