INSTRUMENT ENGINEER

MANUAL
 LIST OF CONTENTS – INSTRUMENT MANUAL

1.0 General

1.1 List of Codes and Standards

2.0 Instrument Manual Section

2.1 System Design Philosophy

1.1 LIST OF CODES AND STANDARDS
1. IEC 60079-10 ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR EXPLOSIVE GAS
ATMOSPHERES - CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS
2. IEC 60331 FIRE-RESISTING CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC CABLES
3. IEC 60332-3 FIRE TESTS ON ELECTRIC CABLES
4. IEC 60076-1 POWER TRANSFORMER
5. IEC 60076-8 APPLICATION GUIDE FOR POWER TRANSFORMER
6. IEC 60287 CALCULATION OF THE CONTINUOUS CURRENT RATING OF
CABLES
7. IEC 60051 DIRECT ACTING INDICATING ANALOGUE ELECTRICAL
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR ACCESSORIES
8. IEC 60056 HIGH-VOLTAGE AC CIRCUIT BREAKERS
9. IEC 60129 AC DISCONNECTORS (ISOLATORS) AND EARTHING SWITCHES
10. IEC 60144 DEGREES OF PROTECTION OF ENCLOSURES FOR LOW-
VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
11. IEC 60255 ELECTRICAL RELAYS
12. IEC 60269 LOW VOLTAGE FUSES
13. IEC 60282 HIGH VOLTAGE FUSES
14. IEC 60292 LOW VOLTAGE MOTOR STARTERS
15. IEC 60298 AC METAL ENCLOSED SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR FOR
RATED VOLTAGES ABOVE 1 KV AND UPTO/INCLUDING 72.5 KV
16. IEC 60439 LV SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR ASSEMBLIES
17. IEC 60529 DEG. OF PROTECTION PROVIDED BY ENCLOSURES (IP CODE)
18. ISA S 5.1: INSTRUMENTATION SYMBOLS AND IDENTIFICATION
19. ISA S 5.2: BINARY LOGIC DIAGRAMS FOR PROCESS OPERATIONS
20. ISA S 5.3: GRAPHIC SYMBOLS FOR DISTRIBUTED CONTROL/SHARED
DISPLAY INSTRUMENTATION,LOGIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS
21. ISA S 5.4: INSTRUMENT LOOP DIAGRAMS
22. ISA S 18.1:ANNUNCIATOR SEQUENCES AND SPECS
23. ANSI/ISA-RP31.1:SPECIFICATION,INSTALLATION,AND CALIBRATION OF
TURBINE FLOWMETERS
24. API RP520 - DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF PRESSURE RELIEVING
SYSTEMS IN REFINERIES,PARTS 1 & 2
25. API RP521 - GUIDE FOR PRESSURE RELIEF AND DEPRESSURIZING
SYSTEMS
26. ISO 5167 MEASURING OF FLUID FLOW BY MEANS OF ORIFICE PLATE,
NOZZLE AND VENTURI TUBES
27. NFPA 10:PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
28. NFPA 11:LOW EXPANSION FOAM AND COMBINED AGENT SYSTEMS
29. NFPA 12:CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
30. NFPA 20:CENTRIFUGAL FIRE PUMPS
31. NFPA 72E:AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS
32. IES LIGHTING HANDBOOK
33. SAMA PMC 33.1:ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PROCESS
CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
34. ANSI/ISA S 75.01 - FLOW EQUATIONS FOR SIZING CONTROL VALVES
35. ANSI / MC96.1 (ISA): TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT THERMOCOUPLES
36. ANSI/API 2530 : ORIFICE METERING OF NATURAL GAS
 SECTION 2.1
SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

CONTENTS

A 1.1 FIRE AND GAS, ESD SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

A 1.2 CENTRAL CONTROL SYSTEM
A 1.3 OVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAM
A 1.4 HVAC, DAMPER CONTROL AND MONITORING
A 1.5 SWITCHBOARD INTERFACE
A 1.6 PROCESS SHUTDOWN – CAUSE & EFFECT
A 1.7 GENERAL SPECS FOR PACKAGES
A 1.8 SELECTION OF FIELD INSTRUMENTS
A 1.9 AREA CLASSIFICATION & INGRESS PROTECTION
A 1.10 INSTRUMENT CABLE
A 1.11 INSTRUMENT AIR REQUIREMENT

A 2.1 PID CHECKLIST

A 2.2 INTERFACE WITH PIPING/MECHANICAL
A 2.3 INTERFACE WITH PROCESS
A 2.4 INTERFACE WITH E&A, PURCHASE
A 2.5 INSTRUMENT/SKID EQUIPMENT INSPECTION
A 2.6 INTERFACE WITH CLASS (DNV/ABS)
A 2.7 INTERFACE WITH VENDORS
A 2.8 INSTRUMENT DRAWING CHECKLISTS
A1.1 Fire and Gas / ESD system philosophy

The main objectives of the fire and gas system is to provide early and reliable detection of
fire/gas and initiate alarms, suitable protective actions.

The complexity of the fire and gas system depends on the plant, etc.
It is to be noted here that some of the devices described like the fusible plugs are applicable
only for process facilities. The detection and protection facilities applicable are project
specific and will be governed by Contract Specification and Rules/Regulations.

In general the system consists of the detection and protection systems.

The detection system consists of the following components:

Fire detectors
- Smoke detector
- Heat detector
- Flame detector (IR/UV)
- Manual Call Points
- Fusible plugs (also referred as frangible bulbs)

*Gas detectors (Hydrocarbon, H2S, H2) *H2S detector requirement check below
- Point detector (catalytic type, IR)
- Line detector (IR)

The protection system consists of:

- Fire water / Foam Deluge
- Sprinkler
- CO2
- Clean Agent (Inert gas, Inergen, FM-200)

Types of Detection

Fire detection
Flame detectors are normally to be located in: the hydrocarbon process areas, Main Engine
room, and Gas Turbine hood.
It is to be checked whether triple circuit IR/UV models are required by contract.
Following are some of the features which have to be considered in the selection of the
particular model:

- Range of Detection, cone of vision

- Immunity to false alarms
- Malfunction detection
- Sensitivity
- Reliability (MTBF)
Smoke detectors are Ionization or Optical type. Generally the Ionization model is used.
Early warning smoke detector should be considered only if contract specification calls for it.
Smoke detectors are to be located in offices, stores, corridors, ceiling, floor void space,
electrical switchboard rooms etc. Smoke detectors in HVAC air-intakes have to be
considered only as required by contract specs.

Heat detectors are:

- Rate of rise / fixed temperature
- Rate Compensated
For stable environmental conditions rate of rise detectors are used, whereas, for those areas
with unstable environmental conditions rate compensated device shall be employed.
Heat detectors are provided normally in Paint store, Mechanical workshop, Welding shop.

Fusible plugs are used generally in hydrocarbon process areas to detect fire and
automatically initiate fire water deluge. The plugs form part of a closed ring of air pressurized
pneumatic loop (the air supply loop is made up of 316 SS tubing / fitting).The fusible plug,
when exposed to fire, is designed to melt at 68 deg. C to depressurize the pneumatic loop
which in turn automatically results (if the deluge valve, fusible plug loop is correctly tubed,
installed) in opening of the deluge valve.

Manual alarm points are pushbuttons located in selected locations to facilitate, upon
activation, alarm in the Control Rm and affected area. The normal locations for the manual
alarm points are:
- Along escape routes,
- At mustering stations,
- Entrances to safety areas

Gas Detectors

Gas detection – basics

A ratio of gas (hydrocarbon) / air mixture is combustible within a band, the Upper
Explosive Limit and the Lower Explosive Limit. Methane, which makes up mostly the
natural gas, has:
L.E.L: 5 % v/v (v/v is volume per volume of methane and air)
U.E.L: 15 % v/v
Outside the limit given above the mixture of methane and air is not combustible.
Catalytic hydrocarbon gas sensor uses the principle of combustion in heating up a platinum
wire coil and measuring the resistance change to find out the amount of gas.
IR sensor employs the principle of absorption of infra-red light by the gas air mixture at
specific wavelength. The strength of the IR beam through the sample is a measure of the gas
in air.
The open path (IR) type measures the gas concentration over a distance (between the
transmitter and receiver).

The H2S (hydrogen sulfide) detection is mandatory as per API 14C only when:
Atmospheric concentration could be 50 ppm (parts per million) or more
Or
Process concentration could be 100 ppm or more.

Note: Refer the contract specification for the gas composition and requirements for H2S
detection. The compliance to NACE standard MR0175 - Standard material requirements.
Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field Equipment is to be verified
and understood from the contract specs as NACE has a lot of implication in procurement of
equipment, valves and instruments.

Gas detection set points (to be always verified with contract specs)

Open areas for Hydrocarbon detection

Low set point - 20 % L.E.L
High set point - 60 % L.E.L

IR open path - 0.5 LEL m.

Open areas for H2S detection

Low set point - 10 ppm
High set point - 20 ppm

Voting -gas detectors: when the contract specs require there may be a voting required for the
confirmed gas detection which is normally 2oo3 (2 out of 3) at a given possible source
location e.g. process area or air intake.

Actions following Fire detection

Fire in Hazardous area:
Alarm in control room, alarm in affected area, initiate process production shutdown, start fire
pumps, depressurization of the Production facilities, start automatic fire fighting (deluge etc.).

Fire in Ventilation air-intakes:

Alarm in control room, alarm in affected areas, Close fire dampers in ventilation/supply
ducts, stop supply and extract fans.

Fire in Non-hazardous area:

Alarm in control room, alarm in affected area, start fire-water pump, start automatic fire
fighting (check owner philosophy).

Gas in ventilation air intake:

20% LEL

Alarm, isolation of ignition source

20%LEL + 60%LEL gas in ventilation air intake to non-hazardous area

Alarm,
Emergency shutdown (ESD I) - Trip main generators, stop non-ex equipment, start
emergency generator.
Isolation of ignition sources,
HVAC shutdown (dampers and fans)

Gas detected in Hazardous area

20% LEL
Alarm

20%LEL+60%LEL
ESD II (Process production shutdown), isolate welding outlets, isolate electrical equipment in
affected area, alarm in Control Rm, affected area

ESD (emergency shutdown) Philosophy

Emergency shutdown levels are normally:

ESD I
ESD II

The hierarchy of plant shutdown levels are shown below:

(Note: any higher level shutdown will automatically result in all lower level shutdowns).

Abandon Plant
ESD I
ESD II
PSD (PSD could have a number of sub-levels representing process unit shutdown levels)

Abandon plant can be manually initiated by pushbuttons at Control Rm, Engine Rm stations
only by authorized platform personnel (Plant Manager).The effect of abandon shutdown is
total shutdown of all plant facilities normally including the emergency generator.

ESD I

Activation by: Manual dedicated pushbuttons

Automatic by confirmed gas detection in ventilation air intake to
Nonhazardous area or within the non-hazardous area.

Action upon ESD I: Shutdown Main generator

Start emergency generator
Shutdown non-ex equipment

ESD II

Activation by: Automatic upon confirmed fire or gas in hazardous area

Manual activation by dedicated pushbuttons
Loss of instrument air

Action upon ESD II: Initiate highest PSD

Activate ESD valves (close)
Automatic blowdown of facility
Shutdown fuel gas to Main Generator and switch to liquid fuel
Isolate ignition sources in affected area

After an ESD and subsequent return to normal conditions the ESD system would need to be
manually reset, after verification that it is safe to do so, in order to restart plant/process.
ESD and Blowdown valves have also to be provided with field reset facilities as per code
requirements in order to ensure safety in operations.
For a description of ESDV/BDV refer to section –

Process shutdown: Refer section for detailed description.

A1.2 CENTRAL CONTROL SYSTEM

A1.2.1 System requirements for specification

The size, number and the type of the equipment which would make up the total Central
Control system is very much dependent on the type of plant and primarily governed by
Contract Specs. Normally Owner clearly describes the requirements – the type of central
equipment whether PLC based or Distributed Control, number of operator stations, Fire and
Gas panels, etc.

In order to determine what the Central Control system will consist of, the functional /
operational requirements of the system should be fully understood, namely what the various
systems (process, safety etc.) it will have to monitor, control and what is the owner
requirement for the MMI (man-machine interface). Owner’s package control philosophy
must be clearly known also. Again remembering that the complexity of the system depends
on the nature of the application we need to go through the following checklist and based on
contract specification, the control system equipment hardware/software must be decided.

a. Systems to be monitored and controlled (check as applicable)

- Engine/Turbine Generators
- Switchboards, Power management
- Machinery (Separators, Pumps)
- Fresh water / cooling water
- Instrument air compressor
- Sewage treatment plant
- Fire water, deluge etc.
- Bilge
- HVAC (dampers, fans, chillers, A/C)
- Heating medium (EGB etc.)
- Process systems as applicable
- Gas turbine driven compressors
- Hypochlorite,
- Metering
b. Equipment needed - (control room / Instrument equipment rooms located)

- Reference systems (HPR, Vertical)

- Process Nodes (Remote units) for Input / Output
- PSD, ESD, Fire and Gas nodes/panels
- Compressor panel/node
- Matrix Panel for ESD, F&G and Fire water Pump etc.
- Printers, PCs for the LAN network
c. Functions / Operations

- Data acquisition
- Alarm handling - annunciation, logging, reporting, event summaries
- Trend recording
- Display (object, cause & effect, control etc.)
- Graphics ( process, utilities, safety)
- Programming (change range, set points, control parameters, application programs)
using functional blocks
- Package interface / control

The number of Input / Output of the system is very important to size the system requirement
– to determine how many remote units/nodes are needed to provide the input/output interface
to field instruments, package panels and junction boxes.
Depending on the distribution / layout of the mechanical equipment/packages a preliminary
study will have to be undertaken to do layout distribution of the I/O and decide the number
and approximate locations of remote units/nodes.
At this stage it is also required to look into the field panels with serial link (a digital
communication link instead of hard wired input/output of analogue, digital signals) in order
to plan the master communication network (although preliminary in nature). The spare
capacity of the system to be built into design is another aspect which must be verified in the
Contract Specs. The spare capacity applies to the hardware-Input/output blocks, CPU
memory loading.

As the central control system equipment normally varies in complexity (in features,
capabilities) and price the choice of the ‘right’ system just enough to meet contract
specifications and requirements is important.

A1.2.2 Engineering the Central Control System

A1.2.2.1 Graphics

The graphics needed to be developed has to be evolved with input from operations group of
Owner. The symbols to be used on the screen, colors to be used for the equipment, valves,
piping etc. must all be based on Owner standard practice.
The following areas will have to be covered with provision of a number of graphic pages:

- Overall layout
- Fire / Safety zones
- Fire and Gas detector layout
- CO2, Inergen, FM-200
- Deluge
- Ventilation system - fans, dampers
- Fire water pump
- Engine/Generator
- Electrical switchboard / MCC ( HV, LV, Emergency, 24dc)
- Inst air
- Process systems
- Vent/drain
- Utilities
Following functions shall be provided:

- Alarm
- Display (various - object, control, group)
- Trend record
- PID (with status indications live)
- Cause & Effect (may be required with bypass facilities)

Control from Screen

Following controls are required from screen;

- Open/close XV
- Open/close dampers
- Start/stop fans
- Start/stop electrical equipment like pumps etc.
- Provide control setting
- Override/bypass functions
- Pump A, B selection

Package Interface

- To determine, through detailed discussions with vendor, the graphic interface for the
package control.
- Any equipment selection, start/stop command, etc. to be confirmed

A1.2.2.2 Instrument Index, Input-Output list

A detailed database of the overall facility in the form of a document Instrument

Index must be prepared, which provides all the relevant information like;
- Tag
- Description
- Service
- PID
- Inst type
- Model
- Make
- Loop drawing
- Wiring drawing
- JB terminal
- Marshalling cabinet terminal
- Input / Output card
- Etc., etc.

I/O List preparation must take into consideration:

Type of input
- Analogue (Current, System powered / externally powered)
- Digital (Pulse)
 - RTD (3 or 4 wire PT-100/PT-1000, T/C type)
- Any other special like vibration etc.

Type of Output
- Analogue (Current)
- Digital (NE – normally energized or NDE - normally de-energized – check outputs to
trip electrical switchboard items, check under-voltage coil or shunt trip)

A1.2.2.3 Instrument Alarm set point, Range summary

The list has to be prepared with inputs from Process, Piping, Mechanical and VCDs.
For analogue inputs the low, high, low-low, high-high set points must be provided to the
control system supplier.
For all instrument inputs the range of calibration with the engineering units must be made
available to the control system supplier.

A1.3 Overall Block Diagram

After firming up the central control system equipment it would be normally necessary to
produce an overall system block diagram; the purpose being to capture all instrument
equipment, panels, systems, package interfaces.
The sketch will also help in the preparation of Central Control room equipment layout,
Local Instrument Equipment room layout (if any).
The block diagram should identify all plant instrument equipment and their proposed
locations in one drawing.

A1.3.1 Overall power supply - Instrument equipment

The block diagram should help identify all the electrical power supply requirements to
instrument equipment, cabinets, panels based on Contract specs and owner’s philosophy
regarding redundant power supply requirements.

Following need to be determined for each one of the equipment, panel and cabinet-

Single/Redundant power supply

24 VDC / 230 VAC
Normal / Emergency / UPS
Apart from the above a separate study must be done to find out all the power supply
requirement for field equipment, instrument and panels.

After a decision is made on the purchase order placement on the central control system
detailed power supply consumption list must be prepared by the vendor which must be used
in the sizing of UPS and other systems.

A1.3.2 Communication network

Depending on how complex the plant requirement is, whether redundant communication
network is required or not, a detailed communication network must be made to show all the
serial links to panels and telecommunication equipment connected.
A1.4 HVAC, Damper Control & Monitoring

The HVAC and Dampers are interlocked with the Fire and Gas system.
The supply and exhaust fans are stopped when fire is detected in the air-intakes (if such
provisions are made) or when gas (HC or H2S) is detected in the air-intakes.
The fan, damper status monitoring shall be provided in the central control system.
The dampers have normally close/open limit switches to enable monitor the damper status.
The solenoid valve which controls the damper position is connected to the ESD/F&G panel.
The pressure control dampers are controlled by controller signals to I/P (current – pneumatic)
transducer.
The fire dampers have in addition provided with fusible plugs for local automatic closing
operation.
The dampers are required by the codes to be possible to be operated from both sides of the
bulkhead. This means having provision to manually vent the air from the damper actuator
locally.
It is also required that damper positions will be indicated locally - dampers have open/close
indication on them normally.
The need for local panels to provide damper close/open indications on them is to be verified
in the contract specifications.

The fan start/stop indications, pushbuttons and the damper status indications on the screen
will form part of the graphics to be specified to the vendor.
The AHU / Ventilation air-intakes with the gas/smoke detectors need also to be included in
the screen graphics.

When duct heaters are provided the need for air flow switches and their interlock with heaters
must be looked into and checked in contract specs.

The automatic switching of fan from low speed to high speed upon gas detection must be
interlocked as required by contract specs.

Monitoring of ventilation system - low pressure in various compartments to check whether

the designed pressure (50 pa) over the atmosphere is maintained.
Air-locks have also to be monitored for proper ventilation pressure and possible gas entry in
the air-intakes.

A1.5 Switchboard Interface

Normal interface of the central control system to the switchboards will be through hard
wiring unless a direct digital data link is required by Owner.

Following signals are monitored for the motor control: (check contract specs)

- Start / Stop command

- Running / Stopped Status
- Trip
- Power Available
Switchboard and Low Voltage Switchboard signals to be monitored are generally the
following: (check in contract specs)

- Circuit breaker control (open/close)

- Circuit breaker status (open/close)
- Voltage metering on bus section
- Current metering on each incomer/feeder
- kW metering on each income/feeder
- Frequency on generator incomer
- Protection relay alarm signals (overcurrent, short circuit, earth fault etc.)
- Protection relay status signals

Power Transformer monitoring

- Temperature high
- Temperature winding/phase
- Cooling fan failure

UPS

- Rectifier failure
- Inverter failure
- Static bypass in operation
- Batteries in operation
- Battery breaker tripped/manually opened

Power Management

The central control system (to be verified in contract specs for exact requirement) shall have
the necessary hardware/software to achieve the following:

- Generator Synchronization
- Generator Load Sharing
- Load Shedding
- Sequence for auto restart etc. (requirement to be determined)

The Graphics to be provided based on Owner standard practice with regard to symbols etc.
and required operator interface.

A1.6 Process Shutdown and Cause & Effect

Process shutdown
The Contract Specs must clarify whether or not the PSD can be executed together with the
PCS.
The process shutdown is to be understood from the PID and through detailed discussions with
Process.
The process cause and effect (there is also separate document ESD, F&G cause & effect)
shows the relationship between the various inputs and outputs identified by the tag numbers.
Check any requirement for Safe Chart as per API 14C.
The cause and effect diagram should include a number of notes to highlight;
- Timer controlled operations
- Reset facility
- Vendor drawing / document reference
The interface to the vendor package - local panels etc. and to switchboard through various
signals must be clearly brought out.

Refer sample drawing attached.

A1.7 General Specification for Packages

A general package specification must be prepared for each project which will form part of the
Common Technical Specs for the project to be attached to each package purchase spec. The
specification should define project specific requirements for the supply, installation, hook-up
of the instruments for the package.
Refer to sample specification attached.
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION – PACKAGE INSTRUMENTATION
CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE
2.0 RESPONSIBILITY
3.0 CODES & STANDARDS
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
5.0 UTILITIES
6.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1 AREA CLASSIFICATION
6.2 INGRESS PROTECTION
6.3 WINTERISING
7.0 EARTHING
8.0 FIELD INSTRUMENTS - SPECIFICATION
8.1 PRESSURE
8.2 FLOW
8.3 TEMPERATURE
8.4 LEVEL
8.5 ANALYSERS
8.6 CONTROL VALVES
8.7 SHUTDOWN / BLOWDOWN VALVES
8.8 SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
9.0 INSTRUMENT CABLE / JUNCTION BOXES
10.0 INSTRUMENT INSTALLATION
11.0 VENDOR DRAWING REQUIREMENT
12.0 FAT / FUNCTION TESTING / EQUIPMENT INSPECTION AT SITE
13.0 SPARE PARTS / COMMISSIONING SPARES
14.0 COMMISSIONING

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for the design, fabrication,
installation, testing, supply complete with documentation for the package units installed
in the following project: ___________________________
1.2 Package supplier shall confirm instruments supplied and the design are in accordance
with this specification and Supplier shall bring out any deviations to the specifications in
the quotation. Supplier is responsible to meet this specification in toto.
1.3 Supplier shall adhere to the ‘Approved Vendor List’ for the Project and take specific
approval for any deviation required from this list.

2.0 RESPONSIBILITY

2.1 Supplier shall meet the relevant requirements covered by the referenced Codes and
Standards, especially where it concerns Safety and Operability of the package.
2.2 Supplier shall ensure the package controllability meets specification requirements and
satisfy the control philosophy specified.
2.3 Supplier shall terminate all cables in junction boxes and shall specify clearly the interface
with owner’s control system in order to ensure proper control. The interface documents
shall be complete as required in section….
3.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

3.1 Following International Standards have to be complied with strictly:

- IEC (INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION)
- ISA (INSTRUMENTATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA)
- API RP520 - DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF PRESSURE RELIEVING
SYSTEMS IN REFINERIES, PARTS 1 & 2.
- ISO 5167 MEASURING OF FLUID FLOW BY MEANS OF ORIFICE PLATE,
NOZZLE AND VENTURI TUBES
- ANSI / MC96.1 (ISA): TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT THERMOCOUPLES
- SAMA PMC 33.1 – ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PROCESS
CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
- IEC 600801 1/2/3 – ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATABILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT.
- API RP 550 MANUAL ON INSTALLATION OF REFINERY INSTRUMENTS AND
CONTROL SYSTEMS.

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Package design shall be governed by Project Environmental Criteria

Min Air Temperature -
Max Air Temperature -

Instrument devices, equipment shall be suitable for industrial atmosphere.

5.0 UTILITIES

The following electrical, instrument air supply are made available for use.

Electrical
Available Power supply AC +/-, DC +/-

Pneumatic
Instrument Air: Normal operating - 8 barg, Max operating - 10 barg
Package supplier to provide a detailed list for consumption of electrical and air supply.

6.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Area Classification

All electrical equipment/instruments shall be suitably certified for use in hazardous area
classification and gas grouping as per the specification.

AREA CLASSIFICATION -
Type of Protection - Intrinsically Safe for analog/digital
Ex m or E Ex de - Solenoid valves

6.2 Ingress Protection

The following minimum degrees of protection for instruments in various locations shall
be applicable:
 Outdoor areas - IP 56
Indoor machinery spaces - IP 44
Indoor air-conditioned spaces - IP 22

6.3 WINTERISING

Field Instruments, Junction boxes, cabinets shall be provided with winterising, when so
specified, to avoid freezing problems.
The winterising shall involve specially designed enclosures for items like transmitters
etc. and heat tracing measures for impulse lines, valves etc.

7.0 EARTHING

The Earthing system shall consist of Protective Earth (PE) and Instrumentation Earth
(IE).
Field equipment shall be connected to the PE system through the cable. The braided
armour shall be the earth conductor and it shall be electrically continuous from the field
to the central equipment PE bar.
Instrumentation Earth shall act as the earth reference for intrinsically safe, non-
intrinsically safe, telecommunication. The IE shall be left floating at the field end.

8.0 FIELD INSTRUMENTS

Instruments shall be selected so that their accuracy, other parameters are adequate to
meet the application requirement. The make, model considered shall be approved by
purchaser.
Instrument / Control equipment selected shall be fully compatible and free from Radio
Frequency / Electromagnetic Interference in accordance with regulatory standards.
Consideration shall be given to understand the project specific requirement regarding:
- Safety barriers (galvanic isolation or not, according to specs)
- SMART type transmitters (when specified to be used in the project)
- Units to be employed
- Instrument connections (Metric to be specified or not)
- Electrical connections (M20 x 1.5 ISO)
Material selection for the instrument parts shall be carefully done to meet the project
requirement and shall fully meet the piping/valve specs for the project. Vendor shall
note NACE requirements when specified for Process packages.
As a minimum 316 SS shall be used for the instrument wetted parts - diaphragm, etc.
However it should be noted that special material will be required depending upon the
service conditions, like monel for sea water etc.
The choice of material for process hydrocarbon service will be governed by the process
piping specs.
Standard signal types shall be used; analogue 4-20 mA 2-wire transmission, RTD 3-wire
PT-100 etc. Special type instrument signals like pulse, vibration etc. shall be discussed
with Purchaser so that interfacing is possible with Owner’s control system.
It is essential to describe in detail the loop components of special instruments in order
that there are no misunderstanding and correct models are selected.
8.1 Pressure

8.1.1 The pressure gauges, transmitters, switches have all to be provided with first isolation
valve on the piping, equipment they are connected to. Vendor shall evaluate the
requirement of the accessories for the process conditions encountered. Vendor shall
supply each instrument with 2-way gauge valve manifold (Oliver, AGCO etc.).
Vendor shall refer to project specifications for the following details;

8.1.2 Gauges:
- 316 SS case material
- Over-range protection 130 % of span.
- Dial size - 100 mm
- 1/2 in NPT (M) process connection
- Safety glass
- Glycerin filled
- Micrometer pointer
- 2-way gauge manifold
- Accessories when specified - snubber, gauge saver etc.

8.1.3 Transmitters
- Model (Smart, hazardous area etc.)
- Range set / adjustable range / Proof pressure
- Output indicator (type as required)
- 2-way gauge manifold

8.1.4 Switches
- Model (diaphragm, hazardous area etc.)
- Type (hermetically sealed, micro switch)
- Differential (fixed minimum)
- Over-range pressure
- Resolution

8.2 Flow
The flow instruments shall be selected based on the application - Orifice, Rotameter and
PD meter, Turbine meter etc. The consideration shall be flow range, etc. and the choice of
special type of flow meter shall be based on requirement.

8.2.1 Orifice plates

Orifice plates shall be concentric, square edged in accordance with AGA Report # 3/
/ISA-RP3.2 / ISO 5167.
The requirement for Senior fittings shall depend upon the application and the need for
changeability of plates on-line.
The orifice assembly shall have flange taps.
1/2 in NPT flange taps shall be provided.
Orifice sizing calculations shall be provided in accordance with the above standards
stated.
Restriction orifice plates shall be supplied for mounting between pipe flanges
8.2.2 Positive Displacement Meters
PD meter shall be designed as per API standard.
PD meters shall normally be vane type, double case.
The meter shall be supplied with all the accessories like pre- amplifiers, totalizers,
air-eliminators etc. as required for the application.

8.2.3 Turbine meters

Turbine meter shall be designed as per API - Manual of Petroleum Measurement
Standards
Chapter 5 - Metering.
Metering for Custody Transfer shall meet all the mandatory Code requirements
including the provision of Meter Prover for verification/establishing of meter factor.
The metering system shall consist of all the necessary accessories –
- Pressure/Temperature compensation
- Straightening vanes
- Air eliminator
- Local gauges, valves

8.2.4 Rotameter
Rotameters shall be used for flow measurement in vertical pipes (fluids are water,
nitrogen, etc.). The selection of material for various parts - float, tube, flange, end
fittings etc. – shall be based on service conditions and type of fluid like seawater,
hypochlorite etc.
Toughened borosilicate glass tube material can be used for air, nitrogen, fresh water
service.
Metal tube rotameter shall be used for other applications.
Normally there shall be local readout on a calibrated scale with or without a transmitter)
for flow range required marked with meter factor.
Normally the end connections shall be flanged to ANSI.

8.3 Temperature

8.3.1 Normally local temperature gauges shall be bimetallic type in flanged thermowell.
The gauge shall be every angle rotatable and of standard make.

8.3.2 RTD (resistance temperature detector) temperature transmitters shall be used for 4-20
mA signal transmission. Transmitter shall be integral with the resistance head. The
element shall be PT-100 calibrated to DIN-43760.Trnasmitter shall be supplied with
local output meter. Flanged thermowells of correct immersion length shall be provided.

8.3.3 Thermocouples may be required for certain applications and these shall be in
accordance with ISA/ANSI-MC96.1. Flanged thermowells of correct immersion length
shall be provided.

8.4 Level
Level measurement shall be through level gauges (for local indication) and transmitter of
displacer, D.P (differential pressure) types.
8.4.1 Level gauges shall be reflex or transparent depending on the liquid (clear or dark).
Illuminators for transparent type level gauge shall be provided. Level gauge shall cover
the entire vessel measurement range required. Level gauges shall be supplied with
quick closing ball check valve.
Non-freezing extensions shall be provided when sub-zero temperatures are
encountered.

8.4.2 Displacer or D.P type transmitter shall be based on application.

Output meter shall be provided. The displacer shall be supplied with vent/drain valves.
Internal top-mounted displacers shall be provided with stilling well as required. The
choice of internal top-mounted displacer shall require owner’s approval for the
application.

8.5 Analyzer
The analyzer shall be supplied with sampling system - flow/pressure regulation, vent, etc.
The O2, Dew point transmitters shall provide 4-20 mA output and the field instrument
shall be suitable for area classification and shall have necessary ingress protection.

8.6 Control Valves

The valve shall be selected - globe, butterfly, ball etc. based on application. The material
selection of various parts - body, trim seat, seal, etc. - shall suit service conditions and
type of fluid being handled. Valves which are to be used in cavitation service shall have
adequate hardened / stellited trim.
ANSI/ISA S 75.01 - FLOW EQUATIONS FOR SIZING CONTROL VALVES shall be
followed (Refer list of codes and standards to be followed) and sizing calculations to be
provided for verification/approval.
Spring return pneumatic diaphragm / piston actuators for control valves shall be used.
Valves shall be supplied with accessories like I/P transducer, Positioner, Air filter
regulator, etc. as per specification data sheets.
Where the control valve is supplied part of a skid it shall be provided with appropriate
block and bypass valves. The valves shall be supplied with the correct fail safe position
i.e. on loss of signal the valve shall fail close or open as specified/required.
Control valve Noise shall be predicted by calculation (all components of Noise to be
included) and shall be restricted to 82 dBA at 1 m distance from the valve.
Control valve leakage classification shall be specified (ANSI class).

8.7 Shutdown/Blowdown Valves

The shutdown valve shall be ball type designed to API 6D and fire safe to API 6FA.
The valve accessories shall be supplied like - limit switches for close & open positions,
solenoid valves, pneumatic/hydraulic actuator, pilots, check valves, speed controls etc. as
required.
Fail-safe position shall be checked and ensured correct (fail-close/fail-open as
specified/required).
Normally pneumatic diaphragm/piston actuators, spring return type is to be used.
Hydraulic actuators are used for well flowline SDVs etc.
Actuators shall be adequately sized – 1.5 times the maximum differential pressure for the
Valve.
Normally the pneumatic actuator shall be sized for minimum 5.5 barg when air supply
pressure is provided at normal 8 and max 10 barg.
8.8 Safety Relief Valves
The governing standards are (for Design, Construction and Testing)
ASME SEC VIII
API RP-520 Parts 1, 2
API RP-521
API – 527

Safety Relief Valves shall be the Full Nozzle type (except those in thermal relief
application)

Material selection for the body/nozzle/disc/seat/bellows/spring etc. shall be in accordance

with process / piping material specs.

Balanced Bellows type shall be used for variable back pressure applications.
Accumulation shall be:

Steam - 3%
Gas/Vapor (single relief) - 10%
Gas/Vapor (multiple relief) - 16%
Fire Protection - 21%
Thermal relief of liquid - 25%

Safety Relief Valves shall be calibrated at required set point and supplied with necessary
certification.

9.0 INSTRUMENT CABLES / JUNCTION BOX

9.1 Instrument Cables

Instrument Cables shall be suitable for Industrial Installation and in accordance

with IEC standards (NEK 606 as applicable).
Halogen free, mud resistant cable shall be used.
All cables shall be Flame retardant in accordance with IEC 332-1 and 332-3.
Fire resistant cables, in addition to being flame retardant shall be fire resistant to IEC
331and will be required only for emergency, ESD/F&G, UPS systems.
Thermocouple wires shall be as per ANSI MC 96.1.

Multi-pair/core cables with overall shielding shall be used for digital signals.
Multi-pair/triad cables with individual and overall shield shall be used for analogue
signals, RTD, vibration signals.
Cables shall be routed in trays.
Signal cable shall be stranded copper, minimum cross-section of 0.75 mm2. For solenoid
valve cable of 1.5 mm2 shall be used.

Cable numbering / color code identification:

Cables shall be provided with suitable identification numbering system for individual
pair, core, etc.
 Cable core color shall be:
Pair – Black, light blue
Triad – Black, light blue, brown
The external sheath of intrinsically safe cables shall be blue.

9.2 Junction Boxes

Material of construction for the box shall be glass fiber reinforced plastic with polyester
resin. For outdoor installation it shall be 316 SS.
Boxes shall be certified Ex e / Ex i as required.
Boxes shall be weather-proof to IP-56 for outdoor installation and IP-44 in wet indoor
areas.
Terminals shall be arc-proof/spark-proof type suitable make for application.

10 INSTRUMENT INSTALLATION
Stainless Steel seamless tubing to ASTM A 269 Gr TP 316 shall be used for instrument
impulse and instrument air, hydraulic systems for valves.
Tubing material to be checked for hydrocarbon service/process applications.
Pressure rating for the tubing/fitting shall be suitable for the service conditions.
Tubing thickness shall be checked for hydraulic systems handling high pressures say 300
Barg.
Heat Tracing: Package instrumentation shall require heat tracing of the impulse tubing as
shown in PIDs.
Instrument air shall be properly distributed to all the consumers within the skid. The air
supply shall be a single piping flange connection of adequate size to interface with skid.
Instrument Valve manifolds: Instrument block / drain 2/3/5 valve manifolds shall be
provided for pressure, differential pressure gauges/transmitters (for pressure, level, flow
measurements).
The relative installation of an instrument with respect to the piping / equipment tapping
connection location shall depend on the service fluid. The impulse tubing shall slope
upwards 1:12 for gas/vapor service from the tapping to the instrument. It shall slope
downwards 1:12 for liquid service from the tapping to the instrument.
Instrument Tagging: All instruments/instrument valves shall be provided with 316 SS
tagging. Nameplates for instruments and valves shall include details of serial number,
Model number, date of manufacture etc.

11 VENDOR DATA REQUIREMENT

- Instrument Index (attach sample - shall consist of all relevant info like
Make/model/hazard area cert number / Range calibrated/Eng.
Units/Alarm set points etc.)
- Input / Output list
- Instrument catalogues (model number decoding info, make/model details)
- Instrument Installation / Maintenance manuals
- Dimensional detailed drawing of valves (giving connection details)
- Termination / Wiring drawings - JB wiring / Panel Wiring
- Instrument Loop Diagram
- Instrument Hook-up drawing (air supply distribution)
- Instrument Layout drawing
- Instrument Cable Schedule
- Cable tray layout
- Overall block diagram – interconnection
 - Instrument Logic block diagram / Flow charts / Ladder diagram
- Cause & Effect Diagram
- Operation Philosophy of package
- Test Procedure for the Package
- Alarm set point / Range (calibrated) List
- Start-up/Operation/Commissioning manual as applicable for Analyzers etc.
- Instrument Utility requirement - (Electric / Air)
- Instrument Certification requirement:
- Instrument Calibration Certificates (all instruments, PSVs, switches)
- Hazardous area certs
- Material certs (for special application, NACE requirement, Control valve etc.)
- Test certs
- Fire safe

Instrument Sizing Calculations (Orifice/PSV/CV/BDV/Hydraulic Power Pack etc.)

Instrument Spare Part list for all models
Commissioning Spares

12 FAT / FUNCTION TEST / EQUIPMENT INSPECTION ONSITE

The instrument / package supplier is responsible, after completing the fabrication of skid /
package to carry out all necessary tests to ensure the functionality of the package
instrumentation. Prior to FAT (Factory acceptance test) Supplier shall submit a detailed
test procedure for approval.
The testing in general shall consist of, as a minimum:
- Leakage tests for pneumatic instrumentation
- Continuity, insulation tests for Electrical circuits
- Hydrostatic tests for valves etc.
- Complete calibration & loop checking of instruments
- Functional test (Sequence Logic, operation test for skid/package)

At the time of delivery the package shall be inspected at site for:

- Visual inspection to determine any damage, missing, wrong instruments
- Whether the supply is complete with interface in accordance with approved drawings
- Punch list shall be prepared (in the presence of supplier) to capture all outstanding
work involved in the package.
- Supplier shall be responsible for completing the work within the time frame agreed
upon to make the package available and ready for the owner.

13 SPARE PARTS / COMMISSIONING SPARE

Supplier shall provide a detailed list of spare parts for the skid/package identifying the
model numbers for the various parts.
Supplier shall indicate the commissioning spares required.

14 COMMISSIONING
Supplier shall indicate, as an option to the owner, the commissioning assistance by
way of unit rates for service engineer.
A1.8 Selection of Field Instruments

Field Instruments are selected based on project contract specifications and application
consideration. The instruments procured would need to be suitable for industrial
environment.
Enclosure classification and hazardous area suitability requirements are as applicable
for specific instruments.
The data sheets for instruments, including process data, must be prepared to be given to
The vendors for getting quotation. (See below).

The ‘General Technical Specification - Instrumentation for Packages’ covers the

requirement for instruments which are supplied as part of packages.

Special type of instruments - Ultrasonic type of Flow meters etc. shall be decided based
on specific Owner requirement (VOR as applicable).

A1.9 Area Classification and Ingress Protection

See attached write-up and description of the area classification based on risk
zones, gas grouping, surface temperature classification etc.
Also the ingress protection classification of enclosures is explained.

A1.10 Instrument Cable

Generally all cables regardless of application shall be Flame Retardant to IEC
Publication 332-1 and 332-3.
Fire resistant cables shall be used for the systems and equipment connected to the
Emergency system, UPS, Fire & Gas, ESD.
Communication Network Cable shall be as per Owner / Control system supplier
recommendation.

A1.11 Instrument Air Requirement

In order to size Air Compressor, the total platform instrument air requirement must be
calculated based on the type and quantity of instrument air consumers.
Normally there are continuous and intermittent consumers of air supply.
Control valve I/P transducers, Positioners, Pneumatic instruments like tank gauging
etc. are continuous air consuming units.
Shutdown valve pneumatic actuators, Damper actuators and Pneumatic motors (if
supplied with instrument air) have intermittent air consumption.
The total instrument air continuous and intermittent instrument air supply must be
calculated for industrial and (if applicable) process facilities.
It is normal to provide for 25% spare capacity.
Following gives typical air consumption rates of instruments:
Instrument Type Continuous Intermittent
NM3/HR NM3/HR
 (per inst) (per inst)
LT (tank gauge) 7
I/P transducer 1.3
Positioner 3

Shutdown valve actuator 20*

Damper 50*
Pneumatic motor 12**

Note:
* As not all shutdown valves/dampers will be reopened at the same time there is no
need to sum up the consumption for all the items.
** Only if motor is powered by instrument air (typical in a power pack).

A2.1 PID Checklist

PID being the important drawing affecting instrument, there are a number of points to
be seen, understood and checked/commented.
The PIDs, together with PFDs, need to be studied system wise in order to fully
understand the flow of process.

1. Check the legend sheet and the symbols which are used in the drawings. The
symbols are generally the standard (ISA) ones to be used.
2. Check the representation of instrument loops;
- Local loops
- Control center connected loops
- Local panel connected loops
3. The representation of the instrument tags must be consistent with the Instrument
Index: the signal / soft (those tags that belong to the software part of the system and
do not have physical connection as an input) tags to be checked. Normally the
instrument tags follow the tag of the equipment they are attached to. Check / verify
the tagging of pumps is in line with agreed project numbering philosophy. (Pump
A/B/C for locations must be clarified)
4. Check requirement of instruments through an understanding of the operation
philosophy - Pump start / stop logic; duty/standby, auto start/stop etc. Check pump is
governed by API. Check pressure transmitters at suction/discharge of pumps based
on above understanding. Check requirement of pressure/temperature gauges. Check
level gauges for diesel tanks etc.
5. Check requirement of safety relief valves on vessels etc.
6. Check control valve loops - location of sensor, bypass/isolation valves for the
control valve (if required by specs)
7. Check orifice plates - senior fitting may be required if there is need for on-line
change out of the orifice.
8. Check the following information are included: PSV/Rupture disc set points. Switch
set points. Vessel operating levels - HLL,LLL
9. Check level gauges cover the required range of the vessel and control range.
 10. Check notes are added to the PID: (typical notes are as follows). Location of gauges
so as to be visible. Provision of upstream / downstream straight lengths as needed by
code for orifice plates. Rotameter to be located in the vertical section of piping with
bottom to top flow. Check location of flame arrestors; note for accessibility when
located at the end of vent line. Check isolation/bypass valves for rotameter.
Accessibility of instruments/valves for maintenance.
11. Check pipe spec-break with relation to control valves.
12. Check representation of package instruments and their interface; whether all signals
are properly shown. Check utility connections shown like air supply, electrical
power supply. Check scope of supply for the package is well defined - PSV on
incoming line, metering of flows, pressure controls etc. are commonly required to be
indicated depending on what is needed. Check ESD/PSD signals interface with
package panels, local panel indications etc.
13. Check air supply to various instruments are indicated - I/P transducer, Valve
positioner, Shutdown valve, Pilot supply for Regulator etc.
14. Check self-actuated pressure regulators are shown where needed and these meet the
application requirement. Check the pressure sensing connection (upstream /
downstream) is needed to be tapped from the line (i.e. external rather than internal
pressure sensing).
15. Check failure position of SDVs, BDVs, CVs. (shutdown/blowdown/control valves)
16. Check orifice downstream of BDV.
17. Check when 3-way control valves are used the flow direction is marked in the
drawing and valve supplier and the piping section have the same understanding.
18. Check all thermowells - normally (with a minimum immersion length of 280 mm)
the pipe will be expanded (if need be) to a minimum of 4 in. Check thermowell
connection - standard is 1 1/2 in ANSI flanged.(others as required by project)
19. Check field start/stop (or Emergency Stop pushbutton) pushbutton is shown as
demanded by project philosophy.
20. Check PSV installation with redundant PSV for maintenance testing and any
requirement for mechanically interlocked isolation valve arrangement. Check
location of rupture discs if installed together with PSV.
21. Check flow instrument selection (as indicated in PID) is arrived at after due
consideration to the limitations for each type - orifice may not be suitable in all cases
with a measurable flow range of approximately 1:3.Turbine,Rotameter,Ultrasonic
clamp-on types may be required based on cost, installation space, other
considerations.
22. PID check has to be carried out after sizing the PSVs, CVs etc. in order to verify the
sizes indicated are the same as those being procured.
23. Check piping/instrument interface is clearly shown - first block valve scope.
24. Check 2 no’s of solenoids are shown for ESD valve (only when PSD / ESD are
separate nodes). Check local reset, when required on the ESD solenoid valve.

A2.2 Interface with Piping / Mechanical

Piping interface
Provide Piping with the information regarding selection of instruments;
Flow elements - orifice, rotameter, turbine, ultrasonic etc.
Pressure - direct diaphragm (flanged), wafer type etc.
Level - top mounted, side mounted flush or external cage etc.
 Provide instrument hook-up drawing with the scope break between piping & inst
shown.
Provide sizes of safety, control, blowdown valves and their dimensions.
Provide certified vendor data information on in-line mounted instruments/valves with
installation / mounting instructions.
Highlight special requirements
Rotameter direction of flow,
Flow direction for valves
Access requirement for instruments
Air supply requirements
Straight lengths requirements for orifices, PD/Turbine meters, etc.

Check thermowell installation; immersion length selected must reach middle of pipe
and there must be sufficient space above for removal of the well.
Check location of instruments/valves in accessible locations.
Check process information / data for instruments (on projects where process group is
not involved).

Mechanical Interface

Verify equipment list latest revision and tagging of all equipment.

Check / verify interface with packages - scope of supply.
Check vendor scope on ventilation system - dampers, fans etc. Damper layout dwg.
Check Fire water pump, deluge, foam systems - project philosophy must be evolved
together with mechanical.
Check duct mounted gas/smoke detectors - installation requirement for bracket etc.

A2.3 Interface with Process

Refer to section B2.1 - PID checklist for inputs to be provided and checked in
PIDs/PFDs.

Liaise with Process section for

Instrument process data sheets.
Alarm set point and Instrument range

Check / discuss with Process on the sizing basis for PSVs.

Check flow instrument selection depending on flow range required to be measured.

Discuss with Process to fully understand the logic required - process shutdown (various
levels)

Discuss the Operation philosophy of the total plant facilities; pump start/stop logic
package start/stop etc.
A2.4 Interface with E&A, Purchase

The major procurement activities of items like the following are procured through E&A.
Central Control system
Field Instruments - transmitters, switches etc.
Control Valves
Remote operated valve
Safety Relief Valves
Hydraulic Power Packs
Shutdown valves
Cables
Purchase Specification has to be prepared attaching relevant specs, data sheets, vendor
data requirement etc.
Before the Contract with vendor is signed and P.O is issued, it is very important to
come to a clear understanding on the following:
- Discuss with vendor to make sure the spec is very clear to him.
- Make sure vendor commits himself to a date for the VCD submission for approval
- Delivery must be confirmed to suit project schedule requirement

Other items like hook-up material etc. are purchased through the issue of Purchase
Requisition to Purchase dept. The P.R. must contain the quantity, part number, job
number, drawing ref etc. The list of copies of all PR’s issued must be maintained in a file
in order to track the material delivery later in the project and to input the information to
Production.

A2.5 Instrument / Skid Equipment Inspection

As the instruments / skids are delivered at the warehouse the items are required to be
checked / inspected and punch lists for the items need to be issued for any corrective
actions by respective suppliers.
Attached is a checklist for the equipment inspection.

A2.6 Interface with CLASS (Approving Authority)

The CLASS requirements are required to be studied and fully understood for the
project. Communication with the field representative (Surveyor) must be maintained
during the course of the project execution to sort out issues.
Following are some of the key areas which require special interface / attention:
Clarify philosophy for the following:
- Area Classification
- Overall Single Line
- Fire & Gas, ESD
- Fire Water, Deluge
- Emergency Generator
- Power supply to Inst Cabinets (UPS/Emergency) / Redundant etc.
- HVAC
- Bilge
- Alarm / PA/GA
 - System architecture
- ESD/PSD/PCS
- Equipment Inspection / Certification verification requirements.

A2.7 Interface with Vendors - VCD checking

Supplier must submit a Master Document List at the time of Contract signing / Purchase
Order placement to list all documents / drawings deliverable and by what agreed dates
for Review/approval.

A2.8 Instrument Drawing Checklists

- Instrument VCD
- Instrument location drawing
- F/G detector layout
- Instrument hook up drawing (instrument/pneumatic/hydraulic)
- Instrument wiring / loop drawing