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IV Solution Cheat Sheet

1) Normal saline (NS) is an isotonic crystalloid solution used to increase circulating plasma volume when red blood cells are adequate. It replaces sodium and fluid losses without altering concentrations. 2) 1/2 Normal saline (1/2 NS) is a hypotonic crystalloid solution that raises total fluid volume. It is useful for daily fluid maintenance but less so for sodium deficits. 3) Lactated Ringer's (LR) is an isotonic solution that replaces fluid and buffers pH. It contains electrolytes and lactate.

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Patrick Formoso
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532 views

IV Solution Cheat Sheet

1) Normal saline (NS) is an isotonic crystalloid solution used to increase circulating plasma volume when red blood cells are adequate. It replaces sodium and fluid losses without altering concentrations. 2) 1/2 Normal saline (1/2 NS) is a hypotonic crystalloid solution that raises total fluid volume. It is useful for daily fluid maintenance but less so for sodium deficits. 3) Lactated Ringer's (LR) is an isotonic solution that replaces fluid and buffers pH. It contains electrolytes and lactate.

Uploaded by

Patrick Formoso
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FORMOSO, PATRICK JOHN L.

June 11, 2019


BSN 1-G BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE

Type Description Osmolality Use Miscellaneous


0.9% NaCl in Isotonic Increases  Replaces losses without altering
Water (308 mOsm) circulating fluid concentrations.
Normal Saline Crystalloid plasma volume  Helpful for Na+ replacement
(NS) Solution when red cells
are adequate

0.45% NaCl in Hypotonic Raises total  Useful for daily maintenance of


Water (154 mOsm) fluid volume body fluid, but is of less value
Crystalloid for replacement of NaCl deficit.
1/2 Normal
Solution  Helpful for establishing renal
Saline (1/2
function.
NS)
 Fluid replacement for clients
who don’t need extra glucose
(diabetics)
Normal saline Isotonic Replaces fluid  Normal saline with K+, Ca++,
Lactated with (275 mOsm) and buffers pH and lactate (buffer)
Ringer’s (LR) electrolytes and  Often seen with surgery
buffer
Dextrose 5% in Isotonic (in Raises total  Provides 170-200
water the bag) fluid volume. calories/1,000cc for energy.
Crystalloid *Physiologica Helpful in  Physiologically hypotonic -
solution lly hypotonic rehydrating the dextrose is metabolized
D5W and excretory quickly so that only water
(260 mOsm)
purposes. remains - a hypotonic fluid

Dextrose 5% in Hypertonic Replaces fluid  Watch for fluid volume overload


0.9% saline (560 mOsm) sodium,
D5NS chloride, and
calories.

Dextrose 5% in Hypertonic Useful for daily  Most common postoperative


0.45% saline (406 mOsm) maintenance fluid
of body fluids
D5 1/2 NS
and nutrition,
and for
rehydration.
Dextrose 5% in Hypertonic Same as LR  Watch for fluid volume overload
Lactated (575 mOsm) plus provides
D5LR Ringer’s about 180
calories per
1000cc’s.
Normosol Isotonic Replaces fluid  pH 7.4
(295 mOsm) and buffers pH  Contains sodium, chloride,
Normosol-R calcium, potassium and
magnesium
 Common fluid for OR and PACU

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