THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF

SELF (revise your thesis statement)

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Bullying, long tolerated by many as a rite of passage into adulthood, is now

recognized as a major and preventable public health problem, one that can have long-

lasting con sequences (McDougall and Vaillancourt, 2015; Wolke and Lereya, 2015).

Those consequences for those who are bullied, for the perpetrators of bullying, and for

witnesses who are present during a bullying event include poor school performance,

anxiety, depression, and future delinquent and aggressive behavior. Federal, state, and local

governments have responded by adopting laws and implementing programs to prevent

bullying and deal with its consequences. However, many of these responses have been

undertaken with little attention to what is known about bullying and its effects. Even the

definition of bullying varies among both researchers and lawmakers, though it generally

includes physical and verbal behavior leading to social isolation, and behavior that uses

digital communications technology (cyberbullying). This report adopts the term “bullying

behavior,” which frequently used in the research field, to cover all of these behaviors.

(source?)

Bullying behavior is evident as early as preschool, although it peaks during the

middle school years (Currie et al., 2012; Vaillancourt et al., 2010). It can occur in diverse

social settings, including classrooms, School gyms and cafeterias, on school buses, and

online. Bullying behavior affects not only the children and youth who are bullied, who

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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
SELF (revise your thesis statement)

bully, and who are bullied and bully others but also bystanders to bullying incidents. Given

the myriad situations in which bullying can occur and the many people who may be

involved, identifying effective prevention programs and polices is challenging, and it is

unlikely that any one approach will be appropriate in all situations. Commonly used

bullying prevention approaches include policies regarding acceptable behavior in schools

and behavioral interventions to promote positive cultural norms. Recognizing that bullying

behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted coordinated time and

attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy

makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, a group of federal

agencies and private foundations asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering,

and Medicine to undertake a study of what is known and what needs to be known to further

the field of preventing bullying behavior. (source?)

School is said to be the place where children learns and molds themselves into

someone they wanted to be. But that is not the only luxury that schools can give, they can

also be a battlefield, a place of survival some may seem, where the famous and beautiful

are honored and respected while the poor little once are bullied. Bullying is a big problem

now in our society and what’s alarming is the breeding ground of this plague is our school.

Our very own second home is the ground for bullies. But before we trigger into the problem

let us first define what a bully is. According to the New Webster’s Dictionary of the English

Language, a bully is “someone who enjoys oppressing others weaker than himself”. There

are different factors that may affect a person’s behavior it may be caused by its

environment, history and other related matters. And one of the main factors of this change

PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL

THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
SELF (revise your thesis statement)

is caused by bullying, it may depress someone thus making his/her self-esteem degrades.

Nowadays, we must not seem to notice events such as bullying but some incidents must be

vivid as crystals, we can’t just identify if it is already an act of bullying or just another

forms of it. (source?)

We as students undergo same challenges in our daily lives and experienced bullying

at the same time. Bullying must be stop. ‘But how?’ What makes a child bully? How can

we overcome bullying? These Questions are the main reasons of our study. And the

answers are soon to be found. Bullying is all about Behavior, how a person interacts and

behaves. Let us first dig into the early ideas about behavior. (Source?)

“From earliest times, people have sought to explain behavior and to find remedies

for behavior Disorders. Archeological evidence shows that Stone Age people engage in a

practice called ‘trephining ’To cure behavior disorders. Trephining involved chipping

away a hole in the disturbed person’s skull to Allow the evil spirits inside to escape. This

might have actually cured some types of disorders by relieving Pressure on the brain. Some

trephined skulls show growth over the wound indicating that some people Miraculously

survived this treatment” (Rayland, R.G. Invitation to Psychology, 2002)

Even thousands of years ago behavior is one of the most mysterious aspects of the

human Composition. It does affect everything and anyone around you. Bullying may not

be considered a serious Mental disorder rather it is a rude or unacceptable actions towards

others that may cause physical or Emotional pressure towards the victim. Bullies are people

who have their reasons too; they may have Undergone the same problem and just trying to

PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL

THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
SELF (revise your thesis statement)

repeat it to avenge them. Or they may have other factors that turned them into a dark shade.

(source?)

Hypothesis

Bullying unfortunately happens every day. Many times kids are ashamed to tell

anyone that they are being bullied. Also, there are parents out there who believe that

bullying is just a part of growing up. The truth is that bullying has become increasingly

more severe over the years. In addition to this, there are other forms of bullying that exist

today, such as cyber bullying. The parents may know that it is happening but they do not

know how to stop it or deal with it. (What is the significant difference of this study?)

Conceptual Framework
School bullying is a serious concern which has received considerable media

attention. According to The World Health Organization (2012), bullying is defined as

repeated, aggressive behavior—both direct (e.g., hitting, kicking, or pushing) and indirect

(e.g., teasing, social exclusion, or spreading a rumor)—Intended to cause physical and/or

psychological harm to another individual. A national survey in 2011 Found that 23% of

public school students (aged 12-18) reported bullying victimization (hereafter referred To

as victimization (Robers, Kemp, & Truman, 2013). Another national survey found that

28% of students (aged 12-18) reported being bullied on school property, and an estimated

16% reported being bullied Electronically in 2011 (Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, 2012). Bullying victims frequently Experience depression, anxiety, low self-

esteem, school adjustments problems, academic difficulties, and Suicidal behavior (Kim &

Leventhal, 2008; Reece, 2008; Smokowski & Kopasz, 2005; Gruber & Fineran, 2007;

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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
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Hjern, Alfven, & Ostberg, 2008; Vanderblit & Augustyn, 2010). Research conducted from

the 1980’sTo the present has seen the meaning of bullying expanded to include direct

verbal abuse taunting and Social exclusion. For forms bullying such as spreading rumors,

in their definition. Later, Olweus (1999) Defined bullying including gestures and facial

expressions as indirect bullying. The emergence of the Internet and use of technology-

based social media has provided a new medium through which bullying can occur; this has

been termed cyber bullying. Over time, there have been significant changes to the way

Bullying has been conceptualized, and the types of behaviors that have been included in

bullying Definitions. In a literature review examining the evolution of conceptual

definitions of school bullying in The international context, Koo (2007) noted that the first

major academic publication addressing bullying among young people was written by Burk

(1897), after which there was a lengthy gap in research reports on bullying.

PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL

THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
SELF (revise your thesis statement)

Statement of the Problem

Bullying still appears to be a big hindrance to one’s emotional growth. Hence, it
also affects the
Victim physically.
These following questions aim to support this topic:
• What is bullying?

Input Process Output

*Students from other *Asking question to *To prevent bullying

schools and sections students who are getting other students
bullied

*Determine their
experiences of getting
bullied

*Determine their
behavior and habits in
school

• What are the possible reasons of bullying?

• What type of people is directly affected by bullying?

• What are the effects of this to one’s individual growth?

(emotional and physical growth)
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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
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• How does it affect our community and society?

• What are the possible ways to stop bullying in the community or

society?

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the municipal officials, school personnel, parents,

students and other researchers. (I need information on the benefits of the municipal

officials)

School Personnel. This study will give them a hint to improve their motivational

and teaching materials, techniques or methods and skills in open forum to students who

really need their guidance.

Parents. They will be aware about the kind of attitude their child is possessing.

It will give them a hint on how they would help and encourage their child to avoid bullying.

Students. This study will encourage them to change their attitude towards other

people. It will serve as a medicine to cure the minds of every individual to become open

minded about the consequences of their action.

Researchers. The researchers in the near future will make use of the result of our

present study. This study will serve as their basis and comparison to their future study.

PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL

THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
SELF (revise your thesis statement)

Scope and Limitation

This study was conducted at Pampanga High School. The respondents were the

(10) students who have been victimized of bullying. The said respondents of this study

were randomly selected. (You need to explain further under scope and limitation)

Definition of Terms (Please explain this to me)

Burk (1987)- First major academic publication on bullying amongst young people.

Pikas (1975)- Mobbing, as distinct from bullying, is a negative activity, employed by two

or more people, against one person or well defined group. The perpetrators must interact

with one another and there must be no negative intentions other than the persecution of the

victim.

Olweus (1993)- “Bullying has a broader meaning compared to mobbing, and it is different

from mobbing, especially in the numbers assaulters. Although for victims of bullying,

external characteristics could be a part of the reasons for bullied, there could be many other

reasons as well.”

Farrington (1993)- “Bullying is repeated oppression of a less powerful person, physical

Psychological, by a more powerful person.”

Smith & Sharp (1994)- Bullying is “the systematic abuse of power.”

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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
SELF (revise your thesis statement)

Pepler, Craig, Connolly, Yulle McMaster, & Jiang (2006)- Bullying is a relationship

problem “because it is a form of aggression that unfolds in the context of relationship in

which one child asserts interpersonal power through aggression.”

Rugby (2013)- Bullying is “a desire to hurt + hurtful action + a power imbalance +

(typically) Repetition + an unjust use of power + evident enjoyment by the aggressor and

a tense of being oppressed on the part of the victim.”

Acronyms
AAB - Act Against Bullying

ABA - Anti-Bullying Alliance

ABC - Anti-Bullying Campaign

ABR - Anti-Bullying Bill of Rights

BARE - Bully Awareness Resistance Education

BIG - Bullying Intervention Group

CABCY - Coalition Against Bullying for Children and Youth

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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
SELF (revise your thesis statement)

Chapter 2

METHOD

This chapter expounds further on the research instrument, research design, data

Collection, respondents, ethical considerations and statistical treatment of data used in the

study.

Research Design
Since the central goal of this research was to define the effect of bullying on the

study habits of the selected Grade 10 students in of City of San Fernando, the researcher

applied the descriptive approach of research. Descriptive research (Gupta, 2011) intends to

yield simple, logical answers to some questions or exact factual information. Hence, this

study attempted to systematically examine and tackle the effects of bullying on the study

habits of the respondents. Likewise, as stated by Santos (2000), the descriptive survey

technique is considered as the best tool in answering questions on the present status of the

respondents. Moreover, the information collected from the descriptive survey may be

utilized as a springboard for suggestions to purposively solve practical problems by giving

much attention on the particular dimension of the phenomenon. Therefore, the utilization

of the descriptive survey method of research was considered to be exactly suitable for

addressing the task of this study.

Respondents

The participants of this research were the selected Grade 10 students from

Pampanga High School in the City of San Fernando, Pampanga who was selected using

the purposive sampling procedure (Table 1). As mentioned by Gupta (2011), the purposive
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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
SELF (revise your thesis statement)

sampling method is a sampling technique in which features are chosen with regards on the

intention of the research. It may include studying the full population of some group or a

just a portion of the whole population. It does not yield a section that embodies a greater

part, but it can be precisely what is desired.

The respondents of this study are 87 random students who were experienced being

bullied and were chosen through simple random sampling. (How did you determine the

number of your respondents? What was your basis in using 87 students?) Sampling is the

method bu which a researcher chooses a group of respondents (the sample from a larger

population and then formulating a universal assertion about the whole matter. The

researchers used is purpose sampling.

According to Tan (2006) Simple random sampling is the selection on random basis of

elements from sampling frame, wherein each element has an equal chance or probability

of being chose as subject of…… (incomplete information)

Table 1
Respondents of the Study (Review your computation)
List of Schools Number of Population Sample
School A 200 20

School B 103 06

School C 90 10

School D 238 25

School E 245 25
Total 876 86

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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
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As represented in the table, there are 86 students from five grade school in High

School Boulevard, San Fernando, 2000 Pampanga who were used as sample for this

research. The sample is comprised of 20 students from grade 10, 06 from grade 10 also, 10

from grade 09, 25 from grade 11, 25 from grade 8. (Please explain your point here. It’s not

clear to me.)

Instrument
The researcher opted the usage of a survey questionnaire that is self –made and

analysis of documents as the main in accumulating the desired data. The drafting of the

questionnaire was anchored on the researcher’s readings, unpublished and published thesis,

previous studies and literature related to the current study. Further, the instrument was

authenticated by experts and former professors regarding the structure, grammar, and

readability.

As stated by Gupta (2011), a questionnaire is a sequence of inquiries to be questioned

to persons to achieve statistically essential statistics about a specified matter. It correctly

created and responsibility administered, it becomes a important instrument by which

reactions and testimonials can be made about some specific groups or complete groups.

The researcher-made survey questionnaire composed of the four parts: Part 1 Why

do you think people bully. Part 2 How do you avoid bullying. Part 3 Would you tell your

parents or guardian if someone bullies you. Part 4 What do you feel when you are being

bullied. Part 5 What do you do when someone bully you. Unstructured interview, survey

questionnaire and visual observations were also utilized for a meaningful interpretation of

this research. (This should be based on your survey questions and statement of the problem)

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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
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Data collection

A letter to the school administrators of the various schools in the City of San Fernando

was also given, to give her consent in floating of the questionnaire of the participants.

Afterward, the researcher went to the participants during their free time. The duration of

the whole research administration took about 30 minutes, including the distribution of the

questionnaire, answering of the records inventory. PHS allows us to record all types of

bullying and analyses this data along with general behavior data at the end of each students.

(I cannot finalize this because your respondents were not clearly stated.)

Ethical Considerations
The consent of this research activity was given by the proper authorities. After the

endorsement, the researcher asks for permission for an individual evaluation from the

participants. However, before this request, the researcher clarified the aim of the research,

the possible hazards and advantages that may happen and the partakers” rights in any study

accountability. Moreover, the researcher guaranteed the confidentiality of the data the

participants would give would be assured.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The responses of the respondents to the questionnaire checklist were carefully tallied,

tabulated and organized including those derive from interviews, observation and

documentary analysis. The data presented, analysis and interpreted with the used of

weighted mean, frequency counts, percentage and ranking system.

The presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data will be based on the

weighted mean as shown by the scale ranges as follows:

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THE IMPACT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOL ON THE ADOLESCENTS SENSE OF
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1. For percentage computation is: %= f/n x 100 Where: %=percentage f= number of

respondents for every item N= total number of respondents

2. For weighted mean: TWF WM= ——————————- N

Where: WM= stands for weighted mean F= stands for frequencies W= stands

for weighted TWF= stands for weighted frequency N= total number of respondents The

table pf equivalent which is the basis of the interpretation of the data will be: (Tan 2006)
Weight Scale Verbal Inter
4.50 above 5 Strongly Agree
3.50-4.49
2.50-3.49 4 Agree
Agree 3 Moderately
1.50-2.49
Below 1.50 2 Disagree
Disagree 1 Strongly

(review your table and computations)

PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL