Project Name: Clap Switch

Department of Electrical Engineering

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
Attock.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT :
 ABSTRACT :
Clap Switch is a basic Electronics mini-project, made with the help of the basic
components. Clap Switch has the ability to turn ON/OFF any electrical component or
circuit by the clap sound.

It is known as Clap Switch, because the condenser microphone which will be used in
this Project will have an ability to take the sound having same pitch as the Clap sound
as the input. Although it doesn’t mean that the sound will have to be of Clap sound, it
can be any sound having the same high pitch as of Clap. Condenser microphone
converts the Sound energy into the Electrical Energy, because we are giving an input to
the circuit as a sound whereas the Circuit gives us the output as a LED glow (Electrical
Energy).
 TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................................
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................
CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER II ............................................................................................................... 3
2.1 SELECTION OF COMPONENTS ..................................................................... 4
CHAPTER III .............................................................................................................. 5
3.1 METHODOLGY ................................................................................................ 6
3.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT .............................................................. 6
3.1.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION (BREADBOARD AND HARDWARE
PICTURES) ......................................................................................................... 7
3.1.3 WORKING OF BLOCK DIAGRAM ............................................................. 8
3.1.4 WORKING OF BLOCK
DIAGRAM................................................................................8+9

CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................................ 10
4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
CONCLUSION ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
FUTURE RECOMMENDATION ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
REFERENCES ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
 Chapter 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Clap switch is made with the help of condenser microphone, which senses the sound of
Clap as input and processes it to the circuit in order to give the Output. When sound is
given as the input to the Electric Condenser microphone, it is changed into the Electrical
Energy which turns on led and led will turns off automatically after few seconds. The
timing of led can be changed by varying the value of 100 microFarad capacitor as it is
connected with 555 timer whose main purpose is to generate the pulse.

Although the name of the circuit is the Clap Switch, but we are not restricted to give
input as the Clap only. It can be any sound, having same pitch as of Clap so this can
also be called as “Sound Operated Switch”. This circuit is mainly based on transistors,
because the negative terminal of Mic is directly connected with the transistor. In this
circuit, we havenot used any Electronic Switch to turn on/off the circuit, so when you are
connecting the battery with the circuit, it means your circuit is now turned on and it will
take the inputs in the form of Sound Energy.

As soon as we give the sound input to the circuit, it amplifies the sound signals and
proceeds them to the 555 timers which generates the pulse to the LED, making it turn
on. Negative terminal of condensor Mic should be connected to base of 1 st transistor
and positive terminal with Vcc.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE :

 Clap activated switch device will serve well in different phono-controlled
applications.
 Clap switch is generally used for a light, television, radio or similar electronic
device that the person will want to turn on/off from bed.
 This circuit functions on using the sound energy provided by the clap which is
converted into electrical energy by condenser microphone. Using this converted
electrical energy the led glows out.
Chapter 2
 2.1 SELECTION OF COMPONENTS :
Following is the list of the components required to make the Clap Switch.

1. 1K, 4.7K, 47K, 330 and 470 ohm resistors

2. 10µF and 2 100nF capacitors
3. Electric Condenser mic
4. Two BC547 transistors
5. LED
6. 555 timer
7. 9V Battery
2.1.1 RESISTOR :
Resistors are the most common passive electronic component
(one that does not require power to operate). They are used to control voltages and
currents

2.1.2 CAPACITOR :
Capacitor has ability to store charge and release them at a later
time. In the circuit the electrolytic capacitor is used as a bypass capacitor. Any noise
variation in the circuit is removed by the capacitor.

2.1.3 TRANSISTOR :
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and
switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material
with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.

2.1.4 BATTERY :
In electricity, a battery is a device consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.
CHAPTER 3
3.1 METHODOLOGY:
Here we are using Electric Condenser Mic for sensing the sound, transistor to trigger
the 555 timer IC and 555 IC to turn ON the LED through a low voltage trigger.

Initially the transistor is in off state because there is not enough (0.7v) base-emitter voltage to
turn it on. Collector is at high potential, and is connected to Trigger pin 2 of 555 IC, as a result
Trigger pin 2 is also at high potential. As we know that, to trigger the 555 IC through Trigger PIN
2, the voltage of the PIN 2 must be below Vcc/3. So at this stage LED is OFF.

Now when we produce some sound near condenser mic, this sound will be converted
into electrical energy and it will raise the potential at the Base, which will turn the
Transistor ON. As soon as the transistor becomes ON, the potential at collector would
become low and it will trigger the 555 IC because of the low voltage (below Vcc/3) at
Trigger Pin 2 and LED will turn ON. We have connected the LED to Output PIN 3 of
555 IC through a 220ohm resistor.

3.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Figure 1

3.1.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT :

 BREAD BOARD:

Figure 2

VERO BOARD

Figure 3

3.1.3 WORKING OF BLOCK DIAGRAM:

When we clap our hands, the sound is received by audio amplifier. Here the given
sound signal is converted into electrical signal and then amplified by using transistors.
After amplifying the given input signal, it is fed to flip flop circuit. It consists of two
transistors, one for the ON position and other for OFF position. For this reason it is also
known as bi-stable multivibrator.

The signal after this process, the outcome electric signal become week so it is amplified
by using an other transistor.

3.1.4 working of circuit diagram:

Figure 4

Clap switch is a circuit that can switch ON and OFF a light, fan, radio etc by the sound
of clap. The sound of clap is received by a small microphone condensor. The mic
changes sound into electrical waves which is further amplified by Q1. Transistor Q1 is
used as common emitter circuit to amplify weak signals received by the microphone.
Amplified output from the collector of transistor Q1 is then feed to the transistor Q2 and
they combine to form flip-flop.

In a flip-flop circuit, at a time only one transistor conduct and other cut off and when it
gets a trigger pulse from outside source then first transistor is cut off and 2nd transistor
conducts. Thus output of transistor is either logic-0 or logic-1 and it remains in one state
0 or 1 until it gets trigger pulse from outer source.

The basic action of this transistor Q1 is to receive an input signal from the input
transducer (microphone), control the amount of power that the amplifier takes from
power source (Vs) and converts it into power needed to energize the load. As soon as
we give the sound input to the circuit, it amplifies the sound signals and proceeds them
to the 555 timers which generates the pulse to the LED, making it turn ON.
 CHAPTER 4

4.1 RESULTS :
We constructed the circuit as per circuit diagram and we verified the clap switch circuit.
i.e when sound occurs near by the circuit the led in the circuit glows and then it turns
OFF after some time.

CONCLUSION:
The clap activated switching device function properly by responding to both hand claps
at about three to four meter away and finger tap sound at very close range, since both
are low frequency sounds and produce the same pulse wave features. The resulting
device is realizable, has good reliability and it’s relatively inexpensive. By using some
modification it area of application can be extended in various fields. It can be used to
raised alarm in security system with a noise ,and also used at the place where silence
needed.

FUTURE RECOMMENDATION:
 We can increase the range of this equipment by using better Mic.
 We can use this as Remote Controller.

REFERENCES
http://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/10/clap-switch-circuit-electronic-project.html

http://www.circuitsgallery.com/2011/10/clap-switch-circuit-using-555.html

http://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/clap-switch-project

http://www.buildcircuit.com/clap-switch2/