10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines

Find x. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side measures to the nearest tenth.

1. 
ANSWER:  
6.1

2. 
ANSWER:  
37.2

3. 
ANSWER:  
69.8

4. 
ANSWER:  
22.8

5. 
ANSWER:  
8.3

6. 
ANSWER:  
48

7. SAILING Determine the length of the bottom edge, or foot, of the sail.
Refer to photo on page 592.
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 6. 
10-6ANSWER:  
The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
48

7. SAILING Determine the length of the bottom edge, or foot, of the sail.
Refer to photo on page 592.

ANSWER:  
47.1 ft

CCSS STRUCTURE  Solve each triangle. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side
measures to the nearest tenth.

8. 
ANSWER:  
m B = 77 , AB ≈ 7.8, BC ≈ 4.4

9. 
ANSWER:  
m N ≈ 42 , MP ≈ 35.8, NP ≈ 24.3

10. 
ANSWER:  
m X ≈ 63 , m Y ≈ 54 , XY ≈ 9.9

11. Solve if DE = 16, EF = 21.6, FD = 20.

ANSWER:  
m D = 73 , m E = 62 , m F = 45

Find x. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side measures to the nearest tenth.
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 11. Solve if DE = 16, EF = 21.6, FD = 20.

10-6ANSWER:  
The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
m D = 73 , m E = 62 , m F = 45

Find x. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side measures to the nearest tenth.

12. 
ANSWER:  
35.1

13. 
ANSWER:  
4.1

14. 
ANSWER:  
7.7

15. 
ANSWER:  
22.8

16. 
ANSWER:  
30.0

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 16. 
ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
30.0

17. 
ANSWER:  
15.1

18. 
ANSWER:  
8.1

19. 
ANSWER:  
2.0

20. 
ANSWER:  
19.3

21. CCSS MODELING Angelina is looking at the Big Dipper through a telescope. From her view, the cup of the
constellation forms a triangle that has measurements shown on the diagram. Use the Law of Sines to determine
distance between A and C.

ANSWER:  
2.8 in.
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Find x. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side measures to the nearest tenth.
 20. 
ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
19.3

21. CCSS MODELING Angelina is looking at the Big Dipper through a telescope. From her view, the cup of the
constellation forms a triangle that has measurements shown on the diagram. Use the Law of Sines to determine
distance between A and C.

ANSWER:  
2.8 in.

Find x. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side measures to the nearest tenth.

22. 
ANSWER:  
13.1

23. 
ANSWER:  
3.8

24. 
ANSWER:  
107.9

25. 
ANSWER:  
98
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 24. 
ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
107.9

25. 
ANSWER:  
98

26. 
ANSWER:  
72

27. 
ANSWER:  
112

28. HIKING A group of friends who are camping decide to go on a hike. According to the map, what is the angle
between Trail 1 and Trail 2?

ANSWER:  

29. TORNADOES Find the width of the mouth of the tornado. Refer to the photo on Page 676.

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10-6ANSWER:  
The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines

29. TORNADOES Find the width of the mouth of the tornado. Refer to the photo on Page 676.

 
ANSWER:  
126.2 ft

30. TRAVEL A pilot flies 90 miles from Memphis, Tennessee , to Tupelo, Mississippi, to Huntsville, Alabama, and
finally back to Memphis. How far is Memphis from Huntsville?

ANSWER:  
207 mi

CCSS STRUCTURE  Solve each triangle. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side 
measures to the nearest tenth.

31. 
ANSWER:  
m B = 34 , AB ≈ 9.5, CA ≈ 6.7

32. 
ANSWER:  
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  , DF ≈ 10.1, EF ≈ 14.6
 31. 
ANSWER:  
10-6mThe
B=Law
34 ,of
ABSines
≈ 9.5,and
CALaw
≈ 6.7of Cosines

32. 
ANSWER:  
  , DF ≈ 10.1, EF ≈ 14.6

33. 
ANSWER:  
m J 65, m K 66, m L 49

34. 
ANSWER:  
m M ≈ 19, m N 28, MN ≈ 48.8

35. 
ANSWER:  
m G ≈ 75, HJ ≈ 20.3, GJ ≈ 11.8

36. 
ANSWER:  
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m W ≈ 23, WS ≈ 101.8, TW ≈ 66.9
 35. 
ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
m G ≈ 75, HJ ≈ 20.3, GJ ≈ 11.8

36. 
ANSWER:  
m W ≈ 23, WS ≈ 101.8, TW ≈ 66.9

37. 
ANSWER:  
m P ≈ 35, m R ≈ 75, RP ≈ 14.6

38. 
ANSWER:  
m X ≈ 80, m Y ≈ 58, m Z ≈ 42

39. 
ANSWER:  
m C ≈ 23, m D ≈ 67, m E ≈ 90

40. Solve if JK = 33, KL = 56, LJ = 65.

ANSWER:  
m L ≈ 31, m K ≈ 90, m J ≈ 59

41. Solve
eSolutions if m by
Manual - Powered B Cognero
= 119, m C = 26, CA = 15. Page 9

ANSWER:  
m A = 35, AB ≈ 7.5, BC ≈ 9.8
 40. Solve if JK = 33, KL = 56, LJ = 65.
ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
m L ≈ 31, m K ≈ 90, m J ≈ 59

41. Solve if m B = 119, m C = 26, CA = 15.

ANSWER:  
m A = 35, AB ≈ 7.5, BC ≈ 9.8

42. Solve if XY = 190, YZ = 184, ZX = 75.

ANSWER:  
m X ≈ 74, m Y ≈ 23,  m Z ≈ 83

43. GARDENING Crystal has an organic vegetable garden. She wants to add another triangular section so that she can
start growing tomatoes. If the garden and neighboring space have the dimensions shown, find the perimeter of the
new garden.

ANSWER:  
96.2 ft

44. FIELD HOCKEY Alyssa and Nari are playing field hockey. Alyssa is standing 20 feet from one post of the goal
and 25 feet from the opposite post. Nari is standing 45 feet from one post of the goal and 38 feet from the other post.
If the goal is 12 feet wide, which player has a greater chance to make a shot? What is the measure of the player’s
angle?

ANSWER:  
Alyssa; 28.2

PROOF Justify each statement for the derivation of the Law of Sines.
45. Given:  is an altitude of .
Prove:
Proof:

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 ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
Alyssa; 28.2

PROOF Justify each statement for the derivation of the Law of Sines.
45. Given:  is an altitude of .
Prove:
Proof:

ANSWER:  
a. Def. of sine
b. Mult. Prop.
c. Subs.
d. Div. Prop.

PROOF Justify each statement for the derivation of the Law of Cosines.
46. Given: h is an altitude of .
Prove: c2 = a2 + b2 – 2 ab cos C
Proof:

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ANSWER:  
a. Pythagorean Thm.
 b. Mult. Prop.
c. Subs.
10-6d.The
Div.Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
Prop.

PROOF Justify each statement for the derivation of the Law of Cosines.
46. Given: h is an altitude of .
Prove: c2 = a2 + b2 – 2 ab cos C
Proof:

ANSWER:  
a. Pythagorean Thm.
b. Subs.
c. Pythagorean Thm.
d. Subs.
e. Def. of cosine
f. Mult. Prop
g. Subs.
h. Comm. Prop.

CCSS SENSE-MAKING  Find the perimeter of each figure. Round to the nearest tenth.

47. 
ANSWER:  
24.3

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48. 
 47. 
ANSWER:  
10-624.3
The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines

48. 
ANSWER:  
14.7

49. 
ANSWER:  
275.1

50. 
ANSWER:  
340.3

51. MODELS Vito is working on a model castle. Find the length of the missing side (in inches) using the model. Refer
to Page 678.

 
ANSWER:  
8.4 in.

52. COORDINATE GEOMETRY Find the measure of the largest angle in with coordinates A(–3, 6), B(4, 2),
and C(–5, 1). Explain your reasoning.
ANSWER:  
82;
 
Sample answer: Find the lengths of each segment of the triangle.
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ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
8.4 in.

52. COORDINATE GEOMETRY Find the measure of the largest angle in with coordinates A(–3, 6), B(4, 2),
and C(–5, 1). Explain your reasoning.
ANSWER:  
82;
 
Sample answer: Find the lengths of each segment of the triangle.

9.1 > 8.1 > 5.4, so BC > AB > AC. Using the Triangle Inequality Theorem, the angle opposite the longest side, or
A, is the largest angle. To find the measure of A, use the Law of Cosines.
 
2 2 2
(9.1) = (8.1) + (5.4) – 2(8.1)(5.4)cos A

53. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this problem, you will use trigonometry to find the area of a triangle.
a. GEOMETRIC Draw an acute, scalene including an altitude of length h originating at vertex A.
b. ALGEBRAIC Use trigonometry to represent h in terms of m B.
c. ALGEBRAIC Write an equation to find the area of  using trigonometry.
d. NUMERICAL If m B is 47, AB = 11.1, BC = 14.1, and CA = 10.4, find the area of . Round to the
nearest tenth.
e. ANALYTICAL Write an equation to find the area of  using trigonometry in terms of a different angle.
ANSWER:  
a.

b. h = AB sin B

c.
2
d. 57.2 units
e.

54. CCSS CRITIQUE Colleen and Mike are planning a party. Colleen wants to sew triangular decorations and needs
to know the perimeter of one of the triangles to buy enough trim. The triangles are isosceles with angle
measurements of at the base and side lengths of 5 inches. Colleen thinks the perimeter is 15.7 inches and Mike
thinks it is 15 inches. Is either of them correct?

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ANSWER:  
 c.
2
d. 57.2 units
10-6e.The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines

54. CCSS CRITIQUE Colleen and Mike are planning a party. Colleen wants to sew triangular decorations and needs
to know the perimeter of one of the triangles to buy enough trim. The triangles are isosceles with angle
measurements of at the base and side lengths of 5 inches. Colleen thinks the perimeter is 15.7 inches and Mike
thinks it is 15 inches. Is either of them correct?

ANSWER:  
Neither; 5 + 5 + 4.4 = 14.4 in.

55. CHALLENGE Find the value of x in the figure.

 

ANSWER:  
5.6

56. REASONING Explain why the Pythagorean Theorem is a specific case of the Law of Cosines.
ANSWER:  
The Law of Cosines relates the measures of two sides a and b of any triangle to the measure of the third side c
2 2 2
given the measure of the angle C between those two sides using the equation a + b – 2ab cos C = c . When m∠C
2 2 2
= 90, we have a + b – 2ab cos 90° = c .
 
Since cos 90° is 0, this equation simplifies to a2 + b 2 - 2ab (0) = c2 or a2 + b2 = c2, which is the same as the
Pythagorean Theorem. Therefore, the Pythagorean Theorem is a specific case of the Law of Cosines.

57. OPEN ENDED Draw and label a triangle that can be solved:

a. using only the Law of Sines.
b. using only the Law of Cosines.
ANSWER:  
a.

b.

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58. WRITING IN MATH What methods can you use to solve a triangle?

 given the measure of the angle C between those two sides using the equation a + b – 2ab cos C = c . When m∠C
2 2 2
= 90, we have a + b – 2ab cos 90° = c .
 
10-6Since cos 90° is 0, this equation simplifies to a2 + b 2 -
The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines 2ab (0) = c2 or a2 + b2 = c2, which is the same as the
Pythagorean Theorem. Therefore, the Pythagorean Theorem is a specific case of the Law of Cosines.

57. OPEN ENDED Draw and label a triangle that can be solved:

a. using only the Law of Sines.
b. using only the Law of Cosines.
ANSWER:  
a.

b.

58. WRITING IN MATH What methods can you use to solve a triangle?

ANSWER:  
Sample answer: When solving a right triangle, you can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find missing side lengths and
trigonometric ratios to find missing side lengths or angle measures. To solve any triangle, you can use the Law of
Sines or the Law of Cosines, depending on what
measures you are given.

59. In , if m A = 42 , m B = 74 , and a = 3, what is the value of b?

A 4.3
B 3.8
C 2.1
D 1.5
ANSWER:  
A

60. ALGEBRA Which inequality best describes the graph below?

F
G
H
J

ANSWER:  
G
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61. SHORT RESPONSE What is the perimeter of the triangle shown below? Round to the nearest tenth.
 
 C 2.1
D 1.5
ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
A

60. ALGEBRA Which inequality best describes the graph below?

F
G
H
J

ANSWER:  
G

61. SHORT RESPONSE What is the perimeter of the triangle shown below? Round to the nearest tenth.
 

ANSWER:  
325.6

62. SAT/ACT If sin x = 0.6 and AB = 12, what is the area of ?

2
A 9.6 units
B 28.8 units2
2
C 31.2 units
D 34.6 units2
2
E 42.3 units
ANSWER:  
D

63. HIKING A hiker is on top of a mountain 250 feet above sea level with a angle of depression. She can see her
camp from where she is standing. How far is her camp from the top of the mountain?

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ANSWER:  
269.6 ft
 D 34.6 units
2
E 42.3 units
ANSWER:  
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
D

63. HIKING A hiker is on top of a mountain 250 feet above sea level with a angle of depression. She can see her
camp from where she is standing. How far is her camp from the top of the mountain?

ANSWER:  
269.6 ft

Use a calculator to find the measure of J to the nearest degree.

64. 
ANSWER:  
40

65. 
ANSWER:  
45

Determine whether the polygons are always, sometimes, or never similar. Explain your reasoning.
66. a right triangle and an isosceles triangle
ANSWER:  
Sometimes; sample answer: If corresponding angles are congruent and corresponding sides are proportional, a right
triangle and an isosceles triangle are similar.

67. an equilateral triangle and a scalene triangle

ANSWER:  
Never; sample answer: Since an equilateral triangle has three congruent sides and a scalene triangle has three non-
congruent sides, the ratios of the three pairs of sides can never be equal. Therefore, an equilateral triangle and a
scalene triangle can never be similar.

Name the missing coordinates of each triangle.

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 ANSWER:  
Never; sample answer: Since an equilateral triangle has three congruent sides and a scalene triangle has three non-
congruent sides, the ratios of the three pairs of sides can never be equal. Therefore, an equilateral triangle and a
10-6 The Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
scalene triangle can never be similar.

Name the missing coordinates of each triangle.

68. 
ANSWER:  
R(a, b)

69. 
ANSWER:  
Q(a, a) P(a, 0)

70. 
ANSWER:  
N(0, 2a)

Find the distance between each pair of points. Round to the nearest tenth.
71. A(5, 1) and C(–3, –3)
ANSWER:  

72. J(7, 11) and K(–1, 5)

ANSWER:  
10.0

73. W(2, 0) and X(8, 6)

ANSWER:  

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