Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI

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Course version 3.0. Revised February 2003.
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 C O N T E N T S

1 Introduction
Exercise 1: Install the class database 1-1
Install the class database 1-1

2 Exploring GIS concepts

Exercise 2: Explore a sampling of GIS concepts 2-1
Start ArcMap 2-1
Examine some feature layers and their organization 2-1
Identify relationships between geographic features 2-3
Associate descriptive information with a layer 2-4
Identify specific features 2-5
Select geographic features based on certain conditions 2-6
Challenge: Work with queries 2-10

3 Displaying data
Exercise 3: Display data 3-1
Start your applications and add a polygon layer 3-1
Add an image to ArcMap 3-2
Add a layer for a polygon shapefile 3-4
Change a layer name 3-5
Classify and symbolize spatial data 3-6
Label features 3-8
Create a layer file 3-10
Create a map layout using Layout view 3-10
Set map scale 3-11
Save your map document 3-12
Exit ArcMap 3-13
Challenge: Insert a new data frame and add a layer file 3-13
Challenge: Save labels as annotation 3-13

4 Querying your database

Exercise 4: Query your GIS database 4-1
Start ArcMap and open an existing map document 4-1
Add map tips 4-2
Identify a feature 4-3
Find a specific feature 4-4
Take measurements 4-6

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Contents

Make a spatial query 4-7

Examine your selection in the tables 4-10
Calculate statistics for your selection 4-11
Create a selection layer 4-12
Explore other spatial selections 4-12
Explore attribute selections 4-14
Save your layer in another format 4-15
Save your document and exit ArcMap 4-15

5 Working with spatial data

Exercise 5: Explore spatial data formats 5-1
Start ArcCatalog and create a new folder connection 5-1
Work with the Contents view 5-2
Work with the Preview tab and explore a shapefile 5-5
Explore a coverage 5-7
Explore metadata 5-8
Explore a geodatabase 5-9
Explore a CAD data source 5-13
Convert a shapefile to a geodatabase 5-15
Explore raster datasets 5-15
Challenge: Create a thumbnail 5-17
Challenge: Perform summary statistics on a feature class 5-18

6 Working with tables

Exercise 6A: Relate and join tables 6-1
Start ArcCatalog and explore INFO tables 6-1
View an attribute table 6-2
Examine the properties of the fields 6-3
Examine a geodatabase table 6-4
Examine table cardinality 6-4
Create the join 6-6
Modify the appearance of the joined table 6-7
Create the relate 6-9
make a selection and examine the related table 6-10
Labeling features with joined attributes 6-13
Exit ArcCatalog and ArcMap 6-15
Exercise 6B: Create a graph and report in ArcMap 6-17
Start ArcMap and open the map document 6-17
Open the graph properties and change the graph type 6-18
Set graph properties and create the graph 6-19
Modify the graph's properties 6-21
Export the graph 6-22

ii Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI

 Contents

Display report properties and specify fields 6-22

Set the sorting and summary options 6-23
Set display properties 6-24
Generate the report 6-27
Embed the graph in the report 6-27
Add the report to the layout 6-28
Exit ArcMap 6-29
Challenge: Format the number in your report 6-29

7 Editing data
Exercise 7A: Edit features with the Editor toolbar 7-1
Start ArcMap and load the data 7-1
Open the Editor toolbar and start an edit session 7-1
Select and move a parcel 7-2
Rotate a feature 7-3
Move the feature's selection anchor 7-3
Specify a rotation angle 7-4
Move a vertex 7-4
Delete a vertex 7-5
Add a vertex 7-6
Delete the parcel 7-6
Create a feature using the Sketch tool 7-7
Add a feature using more sketch options 7-12
Use multiple sketch tools 7-14
Challenge: Use the Sketch tool to reshape and extend features 7-20
Exercise 7B: Edit attribute data 7-25
Add an attribute field 7-25
Start ArcMap and load the data 7-26
Open the Field Calculator 7-27
Create an expression 7-28
Select several parcels 7-30
View the attributes of the selected parcel 7-30
Examine the attribute values 7-31
Assign a LANDUSE code to a parcel 7-31
Copy and paste attributes 7-31
Assign attributes to all selected features 7-32
Save edits and exit ArcMap 7-33

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Contents

8 Working with georeferenced data

Exercise 8: Work with map scale and projections 8-1
Recognize and set map scale 8-1
Examine how a map’s projection can affect distance 8-2
Observe how a map’s projection can affect shape 8-4
Examine the Redlands data 8-5
Project a shapefile 8-6

9 Presenting data
Exercise 9: Create a map 9-1
Start ArcMap and open an existing map 9-1
Add a legend 9-2
Add a scale bar 9-4
Add a north arrow 9-8
Add a title and other textual information 9-8
Add a border and a background shade to your map 9-9
Maintain visual balance 9-10
Add your map layout to another document (optional) 9-10
Challenge: Add contrast to your map 9-11
Challenge: Add a reference grid to your map 9-11
Save your map document and exit ArcMap 9-14

Appendix A: ESRI data license agreement

Index

iv Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI

 Introduction
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

Install the class database 1-1

Install the class database contents
1-1
Install the class database

EXERCISE 1: INSTALL THE CLASS DATABASE

STEP 1: INSTALL THE CLASS DATABASE

In this step you will install the database for this class.

Ask your instructor if the database has already been installed.

If the database has already been installed, skip to the next step.

Turn to the last page of the exercise book and remove the database CD-ROM from
the sleeve attached to the back cover.

Insert the CD into the CD-ROM drive.

Before running the setup program, you will change the View setting of Windows
Explorer. Follow the instructions that correspond to your operating system.

WINDOWS NT

From the Start menu, point to Programs and click Windows Explorer.

From the View menu, click Options.

Verify that Hide file extensions for known file types is unchecked.

Click OK.

WINDOWS 2000

From the Start menu, click Programs > Accessories > Windows Explorer.

From the Tools menu, click Folder Options.

Click the View tab.

In the Advanced settings area, verify that the Hide file extensions for known file
types check box is unchecked.

Click OK.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Introduction

ALL OPERATING SYSTEMS

Now you will execute the Setup program on the CD-ROM to install the training data.

Navigate through the tree structure to the CD-ROM and click on the CD-ROM
drive.

In the contents of the CD-ROM, double-click Setup.exe.

On the Welcome panel, click Next.

Ask your instructor for the destination folder for the database.
Destination Folder: _________________________.

If the destination folder is C:\Student: If the destination folder is not C:\Student:

Click Typical.
Click Custom.

Click Next.
Click Browse.

Click Finish.
Enter the path to the destination folder.

Click OK.

Now you are ready to install the class

database.

Click Next.

Click Finish.

The database is installed in the destination folder. From now on the destination folder
for the installation will be referred to as your working folder.

Remove the CD from the CD-ROM drive and keep it with this book.

EXERCISE END

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 Exploring GIS
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

concepts
Explore a sampling of GIS
concepts
Start ArcMap
Examine some feature layers and
contents
2-1
2-1

their organization 2-1

Identify relationships between
geographic features 2-3
Associate descriptive information
with a layer 2-4
Identify specific features 2-5
Select geographic features based
on certain conditions 2-6
Challenge: Work with queries 2-10
Explore a sampling of GIS concepts

EXERCISE 2: EXPLORE A SAMPLING OF GIS CONCEPTS

This exercise will show you how spatial data is organized based on the theme it
represents. You will also see how geographic data relates to its descriptive components
by exploring tables pertaining to the features. You will explore concepts of topology
(i.e., how spatial features relate to one another), and you will become familiar with
how data is displayed and queried, and how meaningful output is created.

STEP 1: START ARCMAP

First, launch the ArcMap™ application.

If you have a shortcut for ArcMap on your desktop, double-click it to start

ArcMap. Otherwise, click Start > Programs > ArcGIS > ArcMap.

If you see the ArcMap startup dialog, confirm or click A new empty map, then click
OK.

You are now looking at the interface of the ArcMap application. ArcMap allows you to
view maps in Data view or Layout view. Data view lets you examine, query, edit,
symbolize, and otherwise prepare your data for map output. Layout view provides
tools for creating a presentation-quality map.

Whenever you work in ArcMap, you are working with a map document. This
document can contain various data frames, which in turn are populated by spatial
datasets. A map document has an .mxd file extension.

STEP 2: EXAMINE SOME FEATURE LAYERS AND THEIR ORGANIZATION

A map document was created for this exercise. You will use this file to examine the
spatial data contained in the Redlands data folder.

Click File > Open.

Navigate to the C:\Student\igis1\Map_documents folder and locate sampler.mxd.

Double-click sampler.mxd to open and display the map.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Exploring GIS concepts

When sampler.mxd opens, you will see an image depicting the general Redlands
vicinity overlaid by streets, railroads, and donut shops.

NOTE: The image is displayed at 40-percent transparency to contrast with

the symbols of the other three layers.

Notice how the various geographic features (streets, railroads, donut shops) are
organized into layers in the Table of Contents according to the theme of information
they convey. For instance, all donut shops are grouped into a Donut layer. Each donut
shop is represented by a point feature.

Now examine the ArcMap Table of Contents and answer the following questions:

Question 1: How many layers are present in the Table of Contents?

_________________________________________________________________

Question 2: Of the layers listed in the Table of Contents, how many are visible in
the display area? ____________________________________________________

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Explore a sampling of GIS concepts

Question 3: The Street layer represents roads as ___________ features.

STEP 3: IDENTIFY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES

Maps represent the location of geographic features in relation to one another. Just
glancing at a map, you are able to distinguish features that are north of, south of, or
beside other features. These types of relationships are understood by the software
through topology. Topology is a mathematical procedure used to establish the spatial
properties of connectivity and adjacency. ArcGIS™ uses connectivity and adjacency
and other planimetric relationships like area, length, and direction to analyze spatial
patterns.

In this step you will examine the spatial relationships between features by observing a
map. Later, you will select features based on spatial relationships, such as selecting all
donut shops that fall within one kilometer of Interstate 10. In future lessons you will
see how the software determines topology and enables you to recognize spatial
relationships between features through the use of the program.

Before proceeding with this step, you will zoom in on the area around an ESRI
building. You will access a previously created bookmark of a geographic extent that
encompasses ESRI and neighboring streets.

On the menu bar, click View > Bookmarks > ESRI.

The display zooms in on an area that represents ESRI and its general vicinity. The
streets are now labeled with street names. The creator of the map document chose to
only display labels at a scale where the text could be read easily. The large building
near the center of the display is the post office. The irregularly shaped building
bordering New York Street is Building M of ESRI. Now, using this information and
assuming that north is at the top of your display, answer the questions below by
visually inspecting the display.

Question 4: Which street intersects New York Street to the south? ____________

Question 5: Can you drive from ESRI to the intersection of Redlands Boulevard and
Texas Street? ______________________________________________________

Question 6: According to your visual observation, which building appears to

occupy a larger area, the post office or ESRI’s Building M? Include the parking lot
to the west of the post office and the parking lot to the south of Building M in your
comparison.________________________________________________________

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Exploring GIS concepts

You just answered some questions that involved determining spatial relationships.
Later you will see how the software makes the same determinations.

STEP 4: ASSOCIATE DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION WITH A LAYER

In this step you will learn how descriptive, or attribute, information is associated with
spatial data. Before you explore the attribute information of some of the layers listed in
the Table of Contents, you will return to the ArcMap document’s original geographic
extent (stored in a bookmark). Then you will manipulate the layers to display only
those of current interest to you. This prevents the display from becoming cluttered and
allows you to focus only on those layers you want to learn more about.

On the menu bar, click View > Bookmarks > Original.

The displayed layers should be: Donut, Railroad, Street, and Redlands Area Image.
Now you will examine the attribute information regarding all zoning parcels and donut
shops.

In the Table of Contents, right-click Street to bring up the layer's context menu, then
click Open Attribute Table.

The attribute table associated with the Street layer appears. Each record represents an
individual feature in the Street layer. The bottom portion of the table provides
information on the number of records comprising the table. The attribute table of the
Street layer contains a few thousand records.

Scroll down the table to observe the number of records. Also, if necessary, scroll to
the right of the table to acknowledge all attributes describing this layer.

Close the attribute table.

Repeat the same procedure for the Donut layer.

In the Table of Contents, right-click Donut, then click Open Attribute Table.

The attribute table associated with the donut shops appears. Notice the number of
records in the table.

Question 7: How many records are present in the Donut layer attribute table?
_________________________________________________________________

Close the Attributes of Donut window.

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Explore a sampling of GIS concepts

STEP 5: IDENTIFY SPECIFIC FEATURES

The previous step showed you how to list attribute information for all features in a
layer. This step will teach you how to identify individual features (i.e., list attributes
pertaining to only a single feature).

Click the Identify Features button on the Tools toolbar.

Position the pointer over the center of the easternmost donut shop (the one on the
right-hand side of the map), then click it.

Hint: If you position the pointer slightly away from the center of the symbol, this
could exceed the default search tolerance (distance), and would result in picking up
features from the Street layer instead. If this occurs, just keep trying the Identify
operation until you click on the donut shop.

The feature flashes when clicked, and the Identify Results dialog appears.

Question 8: What is the name of the donut shop? __________________________

Identify other donut shops within your display area.

Close the Identify Results dialog.

Now you will learn to set map tips for a layer. If you simply hold the pointer over a
feature, map tips display a single feature attribute.

Right-click the Railroad layer and click Properties.

Click the Display tab.

Check the Show Map Tips check box. Do not close the Layer Properties dialog yet.

The primary display field will be the attribute displayed as a map tip. You can
designate a primary display field by going to the Fields tab.

Click the Fields tab.

Click the Primary Display Field dropdown list and observe all the attribute choices.
The default application choice is the first string (character) field: NAME. This is the
most useful for this exercise, so do not change it.

Click OK in the Layer Properties dialog.

Hold your pointer over any railroad feature.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Exploring GIS concepts

The name should appear in a map tip.

In the next step you will learn how to use a layer's attributes to locate specific features.

STEP 6: SELECT GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES BASED ON CERTAIN CONDITIONS

You may encounter a situation where you want to display a feature (or features) that
meets specific criteria. In this step you will select and locate those street segments
named Tennessee. Before you proceed with this step, turn off the Redlands Area
Image layer in the Table of Contents. Turning off this large image will speed up your
display when you make your selections.

In the Table of Contents, uncheck the Redlands Area Image check box to turn it off.

On the menu bar, click Selection > Select By Attributes.

The Select By Attributes dialog allows you to construct queries for the layers in your
map. You will choose the Street layer and formulate an expression using the attribute
STR_NAME (for street name) to be equal to TENNESSEE. This will cause those
street segments that fulfill this criterion to be selected from all roads. The selected
streets will then be highlighted in the display area.

For Layer, click Street.

For Fields, double-click STR_NAME.

Click the equals button ( = ) from the list of operators.

Click the Complete List button under the list of unique values.

By default, only a quick sampling of values were loaded into the list of unique values.
Clicking Complete List ensures that all possible values indicating street names appear
on the unique values list.

In the list of unique values, double-click TENNESSEE.

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Explore a sampling of GIS concepts

The Select By Attributes dialog should look like the figure below.

Click Apply.

In the display area, observe that Tennessee Street is highlighted, indicating the selected
segments making up Tennessee Street (you may need to move the Select by Attribute
dialog to see the selected features). Also, the status bar at the bottom of ArcMap shows
the number of features selected by this operation.

On the Select by Attributes dialog, click Close.

On the menu bar, click Selection > Clear Selected Features.

Now you will identify all donut shops that are within 1,000 meters (0.62 miles) of
Interstate 10 for all these hungry commuters going from Palm Springs to Los Angeles.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Exploring GIS concepts

First, you need to select all the street segments named I 10. As in the previous
procedure, you need to formulate an expression that satisfies that condition.

On the menu bar, click Selection > Select By Attributes.

You will choose the Street layer and formulate an expression making the attribute
STR_NAME equal to I 10. This will cause those street segments to be selected from
all streets that fulfill this criterion. The selected streets will then be highlighted in the
display area.

For Layer, confirm or click Street.

Click Clear to erase the previous expression.

For Fields, double-click STR_NAME.

Click the equals button ( = ) from the list of operators.

If necessary, click the Complete List button under the list of unique values.

In the list of unique values, double-click I 10.

Click Apply, then click Close.

In the display area, observe that I 10 is highlighted, indicating the selected segments
making up Interstate 10. Now you will find the donut shops that are within 1,000
meters of the selected features.

On the menu bar, click Selection > Select By Location.

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Explore a sampling of GIS concepts

In the Select By Location dialog, make sure your settings match those shown below.

Click Apply.

Notice that within the 1000-meter buffer zone around I 10, five donut shops are
selected and highlighted in the display.

Click Close to close the Select By Location dialog.

Refresh the display, if necessary, by clicking the Refresh button at the bottom of
the ArcMap display area.

You have just performed a spatial analysis operation. In upcoming exercises you will
learn how to perform similar operations and further expand your results in
combination with other criteria.

Quit ArcMap without saving, or you can choose to go on to the Challenge step.

Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI 2-9

Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Exploring GIS concepts

CHALLENGE: WORK WITH QUERIES

In the last step of this exercise you performed two different types of queries—an
attribute selection and a spatial selection—to locate donut shops within one kilometer
of Interstate 10. Using the same tools, see if you can locate local streets that are within
100 meters of the SP Railroad. Here are some hints for completing the query:

The entire task should require three separate queries. The first query
will select the railroads with a NAME value of SP RAILROAD. The
second query will select all of the streets within 100 meters of the
selected railroads. The final query will select only those that have a
CLASS_DESC value of Local Street from the currently selected set of
streets.

Pay special attention to the select method on the final query. Think
about what you are trying to find.

Exit ArcMap without saving.

EXERCISE END

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Explore a sampling of GIS concepts

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 2 QUESTIONS

Question 1: How many layers are present in the Table of Contents?
Answer: four

Question 2: Of the layers listed in the Table of Contents, how many are visible in the
display area?
Answer: four

Question 3: The Street layer represents roads as ___________ features.

Answer: line

Question 4: Which street intersects New York Street to the south?

Answer: State Street

Question 5: Can you drive from ESRI to the intersection of Redlands Boulevard and
Texas Street?
Answer: Yes—the streets are connected.

Question 6: According to your visual observation, which building appears to occupy a

larger area, the post office or ESRI’s Building M? Include the parking lot to the west
of the post office and the parking lot to the south of Building M in your comparison.
Answer: Building M occupies a larger area, especially when you include the
parking lot and additional undeveloped land.

Question 7: How many records are present in the Donut layer attribute table?
Answer: Seven

Question 8: What is the name of the donut shop?

Answer: Mo Do Nuts

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Exploring GIS concepts

CHALLENGE SOLUTION
You should have found 72 local streets within 100 meters of the SP Railroad.

NOTE: The status bar reports the total number of features selected for all
layers. Open the streets attribute table to check the number of selected street
features.

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 Displaying data
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

Display data 3-1

Start your applications and add a
polygon layer
Add an image to ArcMap
contents
3-1
3-2
Add a layer for a polygon shapefile 3-4
Change a layer name 3-5
Classify and symbolize spatial data 3-6
Label features 3-8
Create a layer file 3-10
Create a map layout using
Layout view 3-10
Set map scale 3-11
Save your map document 3-12
Exit ArcMap 3-13
Challenge: Insert a new data
frame and add a layer file 3-13
Challenge: Save labels as
annotation 3-13
Display data

EXERCISE 3: DISPLAY DATA

In this exercise you will learn how to display spatial and attribute data by creating a
map for a local insurance agency. The agency needs to formulate insurance premium
guidelines for buildings that fall within the flood zone in Maplewood. Your objective
is to create a map showing the buildings in the flood zone.

STEP 1: START YOUR APPLICATIONS AND ADD A POLYGON LAYER

First, start the ArcCatalog™ application.

Click Start > Programs > ArcGIS > ArcCatalog.

In the ArcCatalog tree, the left panel of ArcCatalog, double-click on the C:\ drive to
expand its contents.

In the ArcCatalog tree, navigate to C:\Student\igis1\Maplewood.

The Contents tab, displayed to the right, will show the datasets underneath the
Maplewood folder. If those datasets are not shown, double-click Maplewood in the
Catalog tree.

Now start ArcMap.

Click Start > Programs > ArcGIS > ArcMap.

Confirm selection of A new empty map.

Click OK.

Position your ArcMap and ArcCatalog window so you can see both on your screen
simultaneously.

The ArcMap interface appears on the screen with an untitled map document and a
default data frame named Layers.

Now you will add spatial data as layers to your map. Layers can be added for a variety
of data formats including geodatabase feature classes, ArcInfo™ coverages,
ArcView® GIS shapefiles, and several supported raster formats (e.g., images and
ArcInfo GRIDs). In this exercise you will add coverage polygon features, shapefile
polygon features, and an aerial photo from a TIFF image. These data formats will be
discussed in more detail later in the course.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Displaying data

ArcCatalog allows you to explore different data sources. ArcMap allows you to
display, edit, and analyze them. Using your mouse, you can drag data from ArcCatalog
into ArcMap.

First, you will add a layer, consisting of a coverage’s polygon features, to a geographic
view in ArcMap.

In ArcCatalog, navigate to the Maplewood folder.

Double-click the floodcov coverage to show the features in the coverage.

Drag and drop the floodcov polygon features from ArcCatalog into ArcMap. (You
may need to arrange your windows so you can see both ArcMap and ArcCatalog.)

The polygon features are added to the ArcMap display area and shaded with a random
shade symbol. You will change the shade symbol later.

Minimize the ArcCatalog application and make sure that ArcMap is open on your
screen.

STEP 2: ADD AN IMAGE TO ARCMAP

Next, you will add an aerial photograph as an image in TIFF format to your map. You
will add this layer differently than you did in Step 1 above.

In the ArcMap toolbar, click the Add Data button .

In the Add Data dialog, navigate to the Maplewood folder.

Click the photoclip.tif image.

Click Add.

The TIFF image is added as a layer in the Table of Contents and displayed in the top
right corner of the display area.

NOTE: ArcMap automatically adds the raster image to the bottom of the
Table of Contents so it doesn’t obscure the display of the other layers.

Next, you will pan to the area of interest for your map (the area encompassed by the
aerial photograph).

Use the Pan tool to center the image within the display area.

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Several properties need to be modified for the floodcov polygon layer. First, change its
name.

In the Table of Contents, right-click the floodcov polygon layer and click Properties.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the General tab, or confirm that it is active.

For Layer Name, replace the displayed name by highlighting it and typing Flood

Click Apply.

The name of the layer changes in the Table of Contents.

Notice that Flood layer’s random fill shade may obscure the details of the image and
may not connote water or inundation. First, you will change the Flood layer’s
transparent property so that the image underneath will be visible.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the Display tab.

For % Transparent, type 40

Click Apply.

The layer is redisplayed with a transparent shade.

NOTE: If nothing shows up for your transparency, you need to change the
settings on your monitor to true color.

Next, you will add a red outline to the flooded area and change its shade to blue.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the Symbology tab.

For Symbol, click the shaded symbol button to open the Symbol Selector.

In the Symbol Selector, for Options Fill Color, click the shaded symbol button.

On the color palette, click a blue color.

For Outline Width, click the up arrow to choose 2

For Outline Color, click the shaded symbol button.

On the color palette, choose a red color.

Notice the changes in the Preview area of the Symbol Selector.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Displaying data

Click OK to close the Symbol Selector.

Click OK to close the Layer Properties dialog.

The flood layer is displayed with a transparent blue fill and a red outline.

Question 1: What is the difference between the transparency setting on the Display
tab and the transparency setting on the Symbology tab (Advanced button)?______
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

If the photoclip.tif image appears too dark, you can choose to display it with a
transparent property. This is especially practical if you are going to place the final map
layout in a report. You don’t want the background image to be too conspicuous.

STEP 3: ADD A LAYER FOR A POLYGON SHAPEFILE

Now you will add polygon features from a shapefile using a third method.

In the Table of Contents, right-click the Layers data frame, then click the Add Data
button .

Use the Add Data dialog to add the Maplewood\homeshp shapefile.

If the default shade symbol for the buildings is not suitable, follow the steps below to
change it.

In the Table of Contents, right-click the homeshp shade symbol.

Choose an appropriate color from the color palette (one of the orange or brown
shades would create a good contrast).

Spend a moment experimenting with symbol properties like the ones you used with
the flooded areas.

You just learned how to add layers using different methods and various data sources
(coverages, images, and shapefiles). Remember that other data sources such as grids or
geodatabase feature classes may also be added as layers.

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Your map should look like this:

The current scale of this Data view appears in a top-middle toolbar in the ArcMap
application window.

Question 2: What is the current scale? 1: ________________________________

This is the scale that ArcMap used to fit your data on its display area. Your scale will
vary depending on the size of the rectangle defined when you zoom in or out, or the
size of your ArcMap application window. This is not the final map scale. You can set
the final map scale when you compose your map layout.

STEP 4: CHANGE A LAYER NAME

When a new layer is added, ArcMap assigns it a layer name. Sometimes this name is
not very descriptive, because it inherits the dataset or the feature class name. You can
rename the layer any time.

Now you will change the names of the remaining two layers.

In the Table of Contents, right-click the homeshp layer (on the text) and click
Properties to display the Layer Properties dialog.

Click the General tab at the top of the Layer Properties dialog.

For Layer Name, type Buildings

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Displaying data

Click OK.

The name changes in the Table of Contents.

Repeat what you just did, but this time change the name of the photoclip.tif layer to
Photo image of area

If a second label line for this photo image appears in the Table of
Contents, it is because the property for displaying the raster
resolution of this image was turned on. This line reports the ratio
of the screen pixel size to the actual image pixel size. Your Res:
value may be different than what is shown in this example. You
will delete this information so it will not appear in the map legend when you finalize
your map in a later exercise.

Right-click Photo image of area and click Properties.

Click the Display tab in the Layer Properties dialog.

Verify that the Display raster resolution in table of contents box is unchecked.

Click Apply.

The second label line disappears from the Table of Contents.

Click OK to close the Layer Properties dialog.

STEP 5: CLASSIFY AND SYMBOLIZE SPATIAL DATA

The Buildings layer appears in a single color by default. You may want to display the
buildings with symbols based on their value or age.

Next, you will change the display of the Buildings layer to reflect classes based on the
value of these buildings.

In the Table of Contents, double-click the Buildings layer to open its Layer
Properties dialog.

Click the Symbology tab.

In the left panel, for Show, click Quantities.

Notice how the Graduated colors option is highlighted as the default type.

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For Fields Value, click VALUE.

For Color Ramp, click a yellow to dark brown ramp.

By default, you will get five classes that were calculated using Jenks’ Natural Breaks
method. You can verify this by looking just above the Classify button.

Click Apply.

Move the Layer Properties dialog aside to see the change on the map.

The buildings are now shown divided into five classes based on their values. Each
class is listed in the Table of Contents and is shaded with a different color. You can see
that some of the more expensive buildings are within the flood zone.

You can change the classification scheme for the data at any time. Now you will
change the number of classes to four and the classification method to Manual, and you
will explicitly define the classes.

In the Layer Properties’ Symbology panel, under Classification, change the number
of classes to 4

Click the Classify button.

For Classification Method, select Manual from the dropdown list.

For Break Values (on the right-hand side of the dialog) click on the first value.

Change the value by typing a new value of 50,000 over the current value.

Press Enter

Change the second break value to 85,000 and the third to 170,000

The bars on the histogram update their positions.

Click OK to close the Classification dialog.

Click Apply on the Layer Properties dialog. Confirm that the ArcMap display
reflects your changes.

Next you will change the format of the labels next to the symbols in the ArcMap Table
of Contents.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Displaying data

In the Layer Properties dialog on the lower panel, click the gray Label heading, and
click Format Labels from the menu that appears.

In the Number Format dialog, from the Category listing, choose Currency.

Click OK.

Click Apply and confirm that the labels in the Table of Contents were updated.

Do not close the Layer Properties dialog; you will use it to add labels in the next
step.

STEP 6: LABEL FEATURES

A map is incomplete without some labeled features. Placing names on your map is an
important communication task; map readers should be able to find names quickly or
they will not use your map.

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Now you will place owner names on specific polygons in the Buildings layer.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the Labels tab.

Check the Label Features in this layer check box.

For Label Field, click or confirm OWNER.

For Text Symbol, click the Symbol button.

In the Symbol Selector, for Options: Color, choose a bright green color for the text.

Green contrasts nicely with the grayscale image in the background and the color ramp
used for the homes.

For Options: Size, type 14

Click the B button for a bold font style.

Notice that the selected text characteristics display in the Preview area.

Click OK to close the Symbol Selector.

Notice that the Text Symbol area in the Properties dialog shows a sample of the text.

Click Apply to view the owner names.

Move the Layer Properties dialog aside to see the change on the map.

If you want to reduce the amount of text placed automatically on your map, use the
conflict detection rules. Among these rules is a label buffer ratio. If you choose a label
buffer ratio of 3, and if the size of the letters was 0.2 inches, no label will appear
around any displayed label within a distance of 0.6 inches.

Using the conflict detection rules may considerably reduce the amount of text on your
map. Experiment with this feature to understand what it does so you can use it
successfully.

Now you will experiment with the label buffer ratio.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click Label Placement Options.

In the Placement Properties dialog, click the Conflict Detection tab.

Accept the defaults for Label Weight and Feature Weight.

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For Buffer, type 3 to reduce the amount of displayed text.

Make sure the Place overlapping labels check box is unchecked.

Click the Placement tab, and make sure the Remove duplicate labels check box is
checked.

Click OK to close the Placement Properties dialog.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click Apply.

Click OK to close the Layer Properties dialog.

Notice that the number of labels has decreased.

Question 3: How many labels are placed with the buffer ratio of 3? ____________

STEP 7: CREATE A LAYER FILE

Layers point to data and store properties for how the data is displayed. Layer files may
be used to share data display properties. Your colleagues won’t have to repeat the
process of classifying and symbolizing data; you can just e-mail them your layer file.
As long as your colleagues have access to the same underlying data, the layer will
appear as you specified.

In this step you will create a layer file that stores the symbology for the Buildings
layer.

Right click the Buildings layer and select Save As Layer File.

Name the layer file Buildings.lyr and save it in the Maplewood folder.

You will use this layer file for displaying the buildings later in the exercise.

STEP 8: CREATE A MAP LAYOUT USING LAYOUT VIEW

In previous steps you worked with the ArcMap Data view. In this step you will create
the layout for a map using Layout view. Layout view helps you organize the map
elements on the page as on a virtual piece of paper; the printed map will look exactly
like the Layout view.

Now you will switch to Layout view.

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Click View > Layout View.

The Layout view appears with portrait orientation by default. In this exercise you will
create a map with landscape orientation.

Click File > Page Setup.

For Page Orientation, under Printer Setup, click Landscape.

NOTE: If you are trying to set the Map Size parameters and the Page
Orientation appears to be disabled, uncheck the Same as Printer check box.
Now you can also specify custom map dimensions.

Notice the default check boxes. The Scale map elements proportionally to changes in
page size check box will be important when you design your map layout. This creates
a dynamic link to your map elements, scaling them with changes in page size.

Click OK to close the Page Setup window.

The map appears at a certain reduction to fit inside your ArcMap application. Notice
the percent reduction (shown here set to 33 percent; yours may be different) in the
separate Layout toolbar. This toolbar appeared when you moved from Data view to
Layout view.

If you want to, drag and drop this toolbar to dock it on your main ArcMap
application or to make it a floating toolbar, depending on its current placement.

So far, you only moved your data frame from Data view to the map layout (Layout
view). You will learn how to add other map elements in Exercise 9.

STEP 9: SET MAP SCALE

Maps can be large scale or small scale. For example, a 1:10,000-scale map is a larger-
scale map than a 1:100,000-scale map. Maps can be displayed at any appropriate scale
set by the map designer for a specific objective and audience.

The current scale of this Layout view appears in a top-middle toolbar in the ArcMap
application window.

Question 4: What is the current scale? 1: _________________________________

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Displaying data

ArcMap calculated a scale for your map that fits the Data view in the layout. This scale
may not be appropriate (either too small or too large) for your map. Next, you will
change the map scale.

Type 3000 in the Map Scale box and press Enter

The map display zooms in to 1:3,000.

NOTE: If necessary, resize the data frame to fit the page or use the Pan tool
on the Tools toolbar to adjust the location of the mapped area for better visual
balance within the map layout.

Notice that the Layout toolbar has options for pan and zoom operations on the layout
page.

Practice using different zoom buttons on this toolbar.

While exploring the zoom buttons, notice that the percent reduction changes with
every zoom attempt, and the 1:3,000 scale remains unchanged. This means that your
layout zoom attempts are helping you look at the map on your screen at different
reduction or enlargement ratios, but you are not changing the scale at which your data
is displayed. Your final map will print at the specified 1:3,000 scale.

STEP 10: SAVE YOUR MAP DOCUMENT

Notice that your map has only the main map body with no marginalia (e.g., the north
arrow, the legend, the scale bar, the date of the data, the date of the map, other
disclosures or acknowledgements, the author, etc.). You will add all these map
elements in a subsequent exercise.

You will save your map document twice to be used for two future exercises. First, save
it for this exercise.

Click File > Save As.

For Save in, navigate to your Maplewood folder.

For File name, type ex_display

For Save as type, confirm ArcMap Documents (*.mxd).

Click Save.

Now save it again, in the same location, for the layout exercise. Name it ex_layout

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STEP 11: EXIT ARCMAP

Exit ArcMap, or continue to the Challenge step.

Click File > Exit.

CHALLENGE: INSERT A NEW DATA FRAME AND ADD A LAYER FILE

Additional data frames may be added to a map document. You may want a data frame
to display an overview map of your study area or to display your data using different
symbols or classifications. In this step you will add the Buildings.lyr layer file you
saved earlier and symbolize it differently.

Click View > Data View.

Click Insert > Data Frame.

This new data frame immediately becomes the active data frame in your ArcMap
display.

Click the Add Data button, and add the Buildings.lyr file that you created in Step 7.

All the display properties you set up previously are active.

Change the symbology based on another field and use a different color ramp.

The last task simply demonstrated the use of a layer file and showed you how to add
another data frame to your map. You will now remove this data frame from this map
document.

Right-click on the New Data Frame data frame and click Remove. Do not save your
map document, and do not exit ArcMap if you are going to attempt the next
Challenge step.

CHALLENGE: SAVE LABELS AS ANNOTATION

After you use the automated name placement feature in ArcMap, some labels may not
appear as you, a keen cartographer, would like them to. You may need to change or
move a label or two.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Displaying data

In order to change individual labels, you need to convert your labels to annotation.
Then you are able to select and move a certain label to a better position. In ArcMap,
you can choose to add the annotation as a property of the layer when you save the map
document (nothing is written to the database), or you can save it as annotation features
in your database. You will convert your labels to annotation using a method of your
choice.

Hint: Right-click the Buildings layer and click Convert Labels to Annotation.

NOTE: As soon as you convert labels to annotation, your normal labels are
turned off. The text that appears on the display is your newly created
annotation.

Experiment with selecting and moving the annotation.

Exit ArcMap without saving your document.

In this exercise you experimented with displaying data in ArcMap. Your display of a
coverage, a shapefile, and an image can assist an insurance agency in visualizing at-
risk properties. In the process, you learned how to add data to a geographic view,
manage the Table of Contents, classify and symbolize ArcMap layers, and label
features. Finally, you created two preliminary maps, which you will use in future
exercises.

EXERCISE END

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ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 3 QUESTIONS

Question 1: What is the difference between the transparency setting on the Display tab
and the transparency setting on the Symbology tab (Advanced button)?
Answer: In the Display tab, ArcMap uses a fixed percentage value for the entire
layer, while in the Symbology tab, it uses values from an attribute field, which
means you could have various degrees of transparencies across the layer.

Question 2: What is the current scale? 1:

Answer: The answer to this question will vary depending on student settings.

Question 3: How many labels are placed with the buffer ratio of 3?
Answer: The answer to this question will vary depending on student settings.

Question 4: What is the current scale? 1:

Answer: The answer to this question will vary depending on student settings.

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 Querying your
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

database
Query your GIS database 4-1
Start ArcMap and open an
existing map document
Add map tips
contents
4-1
4-2
Identify a feature 4-3
Find a specific feature 4-4
Take measurements 4-6
Make a spatial query 4-7
Examine your selection in the
tables 4-10
Calculate statistics for your
selection 4-11
Create a selection layer 4-12
Explore other spatial selections 4-12
Explore attribute selections 4-14
Save your layer in another format 4-15
Save your document and exit
ArcMap 4-15
Query your GIS database

EXERCISE 4: QUERY YOUR GIS DATABASE

Last night, a heavy storm caused flooding in some low-lying areas. You are a planner
in the state governor’s office, and the governor has requested that you appear with her
on the five o’clock news in a live interview. You will display a map of the area and
must be prepared to answer questions.

In this exercise you will learn techniques for querying in the ArcMap application in
order to determine which buildings are in the flood area. You will then create a report
of the affected buildings and their owners.

STEP 1: START ARCMAP AND OPEN AN EXISTING MAP DOCUMENT

Click Start > Programs > ArcGIS > ArcMap.

A dialog appears.

Select An existing map.

Click OK.

In the Open dialog, navigate to C:\Student\igis1\Maplewood.

Double-click ex_display.mxd.

The ArcMap interface shows the ex_display.mxd file, which was saved in Exercise 3.

If you did not successfully complete Exercise 3, or if you forgot to save that exercise's
map document as instructed, you can open an existing map document called
ex_display.mxd from the ..\Results\Ex03 folder that comes on the CD-ROM for this
course.

Make sure you are in Data view.

Click View > Data View.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Querying your database

STEP 2: ADD MAP TIPS

Data view can be useful for verifying that the labels you placed on the map are correct.
Map tips allow you to move your mouse pointer over a geographic feature and see an
automatic popup of the associated attribute information. You will now turn on the map
tips for the Buildings layer, but first turn off the labels for the buildings so they are not
distracting.

Right-click the Buildings layer and click Label Features to turn the labels off.

Double-click the Buildings layer to open its Layer Properties dialog.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the Display tab.

Check the Show Map Tips check box.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the Fields tab.

For Primary display field, verify that OWNER is the chosen field.

Click OK.

Now move the pointer over a building on the map.

The map tip appears with the owner information.

Move the pointer across the map as needed to display more map tips.

Question 1: Who owns the largest building? ______________________________

Next, you will change the Label Field. The text for each label comes from the layer’s
attribute table.

Double-click on the Buildings layer to open its Layer Properties dialog.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the Labels tab.

Check the Label Features in this layer check box.

For Label Field, click VALUE.

Click OK.

The labels are displayed again, but this time the text is coming from the VALUE field.

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Use the map tips again, noticing that map tips continue to come from the primary
display field and not the Label field.

Map tips work independently of labels.

This should be very useful when assisting the governor during her live interview.

Question 2: Who owns the building valued at $239,400? ____________________

Map labels can be toggled on or off. Now you will turn the labels off.

Double-click the Buildings layer to open its Layer Properties dialog.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the Labels tab, and uncheck the Label Features
in this layer check box.

Click OK.

Notice that you can toggle the labels on or off with this method.

STEP 3: IDENTIFY A FEATURE

You will use the Identify tool to determine the owner’s name and the building value
for features in the Buildings layer.

NOTE: The Tools toolbar may appear floating on your ArcMap display. You
can drag and drop this toolbar to dock it on your ArcMap application.

On the Tools toolbar, click the Identify tool.

Using the pointer, click on some buildings inside and outside the flood area, and
examine the Identify Results window for the building value and owner name.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Querying your database

Question 3: What is the value of the building that crosses the flooded boundary? _
_________________________________________________________________

Question 4: Who owns the building that crosses the flooded boundary?_________
_________________________________________________________________

Next, you will flash the feature that you just identified to see it in the map display.

In the left panel of the Identify Results window, click on the owner’s name while
looking at the map display to see the associated building in the Buildings layer flash
on the display.

If the building is small and you forgot where you originally clicked to identify, you
may need to repeat this operation several times.

Close the Identify Results window.

STEP 4: FIND A SPECIFIC FEATURE

Now you will use the Find tool to locate features using an attribute value. This tool
helps you search one or many layers to locate a feature. You can use any part of a
character string or value in your search.

Click the Find tool.

In the Find dialog, click the Features tab.

For Find, type william

For In layers, click Buildings.

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Query your GIS database

Click Find.

Notice that all the displayed values contain the william string and that the search string
was not case sensitive.

Experiment by right-clicking one of the owner names in

the Value column, and selecting the Flash feature on the
context menu. You may need to move the Find window
to the right so you can see the layer’s flashing features.

Flash several features until you locate the large building

in the lower-left portion of the display. Keep the Find
dialog open; you will need it for the next step.

Next, you will experiment with the remaining options on the context menu. Your
objective is to easily find the value corresponding to the largest lower-left building
inside the flood area.

From the Find dialog, choose the largest lower-left building using the Select
feature(s) command on the context menu.

Once selected, the feature is highlighted.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Querying your database

NOTE: If you want to change the color used to highlight selected features, go
to the Selection Options dialog by clicking Selection > Options.

Set a spatial bookmark to the extent of the selected feature using the Set Bookmark
command on the context menu.

NOTE: After you set this bookmark, when you want to go back to this
building later, you can click View > Bookmarks and select the name of the
owner whose building you want to look at again. You can also set, access, and
manage bookmarks from the View menu.

Zoom in to the selected feature by choosing Zoom to feature(s).

Unselect the feature by choosing the Unselect feature(s) command.

When finished experimenting, close the Find window.

On the Tools toolbar, click the Full Extent button.

Click View > Bookmarks > William Holthaus.

The display will immediately zoom to the extent of the building. To return to the
original extent, click on either of the following tools:

Go Back To Previous Extent

Full Extent

STEP 5: TAKE MEASUREMENTS

Now you will take measurements from the displayed map.

Click the Measure tool.

Place the plus sign of your pointer at a corner of any building and click once.

Move the pointer to the corner of another nearby building and double-click.

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Your measured line ends and the distance is reported in the status bar at the bottom of
the ArcMap application with the layer’s unit. You can measure a line of several
segments by clicking once at the end of each segment. Your figures will differ from the
ones shown in the example below.

You can change the display units to better suit your needs.

Right-click on the Layers data frame, choose Properties, and click the General tab.

Choose Meters from the Display Units dropdown list.

Click OK.

Question 5: What is the distance from the lower-left corner of the largest building to
the lower-left corner of the second largest building (in meters)? ______________

Change Display Units to Kilometers, and answer the next question.

Question 6: What is the approximate length (in kilometers) of the flood area at its
longest axis? _______________________________________________________

Change Display Units back to Meters.

STEP 6: MAKE A SPATIAL QUERY

Until now, this exercise has taught you basic query tools. Now you will help the
governor determine exactly which buildings are affected by the flooded area.

In this step you will perform a spatial query to find the buildings inside the flood area.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Querying your database

From the main ArcMap menu, click Selection > Select By Location.

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Query your GIS database

In the Select By Location dialog, make sure your settings match those shown below
to select features from Buildings that are inside the flood area.

Click Apply.

After the query is applied, features in the Buildings layer are selected and their
boundary lines are highlighted in a different color (blue by default).

This selection is now available for you to use in other operations. You might use it to
create another dataset (i.e., a layer with fewer features), or you might calculate
statistics for it.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Querying your database

This operation shows the importance of spatial queries. You are able to use the features
of one layer to choose features in another. It also demonstrates the power of GIS to use
spatial relationships in finding answers that will help in decision making.

Click Close.

STEP 7: EXAMINE YOUR SELECTION IN THE TABLES

Remember that each layer has a table that contains one record of attributes for each
feature. You can examine, analyze, and edit these tables. Next, you will open the table
for the Buildings layer.

Right-click the Buildings layer and click Open Attribute Table.

Notice that the total number of records (146) appears in the status bar of the table
along with the number of records selected from the query.

Scroll down in the table to examine the selected records (the selected records are
highlighted).

NOTE: You can change the selection color. Click the Options button in the
status bar of the table document. Click Appearance. The invoked menu has
options for selection and highlight colors that allow you to change the
appearance of the selection records to any color you desire.

When features are selected, their corresponding records in the layer table are also
selected and highlighted.

If you want to, you can examine only the selected records rather than all the records in
the layer.

At the bottom of the table, click the Selected button.

Notice that this table only shows the 38 selected records (notice the number in the
table’s status bar). These are the buildings that are inside the flood area. The governor
will share a list of the owners’ names at an Emergency Relief Board meeting. Before
printing a report, you might want to hide or rearrange some of the fields. For now, you
will not do any more work on the table.

Close the table.

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STEP 8: CALCULATE STATISTICS FOR YOUR SELECTION

The Statistics option produces a report of some common statistical information about
your data.

From the main ArcMap menu, click Selection > Statistics.

In the Selection Statistics dialog, for Layer, verify or click Buildings.

For Field, click VALUE.

The reported statistics will give you a screen display of minimum, maximum, mean,
standard deviation, and total building values as well as the count of buildings in the
flood area.

Examine the resulting numbers and answer the following questions:

Question 7: What is the total building value for these selected buildings? _______

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Querying your database

Question 8: What percentage of buildings was flooded in this dataset? _________

Hint: Use your calculator.

Question 9: What is the price of the most expensive building in the flooded area?_
_________________________________________________________________

The governor will use these numbers in an assistance request from the Emergency
Relief Board.

Close the Selection Statistics dialog.

STEP 9: CREATE A SELECTION LAYER

A selection layer is a separate layer that contains only the selected features. You will
create a selection layer of the flooded buildings. ArcMap still remembers your
selection set.

Right-click the Buildings layer, click Selection, and click Create Layer From
Selected Features.

A new layer called Buildings selection is added to the Table of Contents, and the layer
is shaded in the display area with a uniform color.

Replace the new layer’s name with Flooded buildings, and if necessary change its
shade characteristics to some aesthetically contrasting shade. This new layer
contains only the buildings inside the flooded area. You will use this layer in your
final map for the governor.

Uncheck the Buildings layer to turn it off.

NOTE: This new layer is a virtual layer. While it appears as a separate entry
in the Table of Contents, it is not written to the disk as an independent dataset.
This virtual layer inherits the properties of the original layer, and you can
symbolize, query, and perform ArcMap-based analysis with it just like any
other feature class. You can also export it to a shapefile or feature class if you
want to save it as a permanent dataset.

STEP 10: EXPLORE OTHER SPATIAL SELECTIONS

The Selection menu has other spatial selection tools. You will investigate the tool for
selecting by drawing a box. You will limit your selection to the Flooded buildings
layer.

On the main ArcMap menu, click Selection > Set Selectable Layers, and uncheck
the Buildings and Flood check boxes to exclude them from the next procedure.

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This leaves Flooded buildings as the only checked layer.

Click Close.

Now you will use the Interactive selection option.

On the main ArcMap menu, click Selection > Options.

In the Selection Options dialog, click Select features completely within the box or
graphic(s).

Click OK.

Now start selecting by drawing a box around features.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Querying your database

On the Tools toolbar, click the Select Features button.

You will better understand the Select features completely within the box or graphic(s)
method if you will select one building and a portion of an adjacent building when
creating the selection box.

On the map, click and drag a box with your pointer, which is now a selection
pointer.

Notice that only the building that falls completely within the selection box is
highlighted. The other building was not selected.

Repeat this operation again for another selection.

Notice that you do not need to clear the previous selection before making a new one.
You will not use this selection; it was only an example. If time permits, explore the
other spatial selection tools.

Clear the selection when finished.

NOTE: To clear the selection, right-click the Flooded buildings layer, click
Selection, and click Clear Selected Features.

STEP 11: EXPLORE ATTRIBUTE SELECTIONS

Suppose you are interested in all the buildings that are in the flooded area that are
valued at more than $200,000. You would perform an attribute selection. You will now
practice working with attribute selections.

In the Table of Contents, double-click on the Flooded buildings layer to open its
Layers Properties dialog.

In the Layer Properties dialog, click the Definition Query tab and click Query
Builder.

In the Query Builder window, for Fields, double-click “VALUE”.

Click the greater than button ( > ).

In the expression panel, type 200000 (200,000).

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Your expression should read “VALUE” > 200000.

Click OK to close the Query Builder window.

Click OK to close the Layer Properties dialog.

Your display should now reflect only those buildings that are in the flooded area and
are of a value greater than $200,000. You may need to click Refresh View to observe
the change.Your expressions can become more complex if more criteria are involved
in the selection process.

Question 10: How many flooded buildings have a value over $200,000? _______

STEP 12: SAVE YOUR LAYER IN ANOTHER FORMAT

You can export any layer to a permanent dataset in your database as a shapefile. Use
the Flooded buildings layer for this step.

NOTE: When you create the shapefile, it will contain only the features that
you last selected using the Definition Query option.

Right-click the Flooded buildings layer and click Data > Export Data.

Save the new shapefile in the Maplewood folder and name it Flood_Bldg.shp

A message will appear asking if you would like to add it as a new layer to your map.

Click No.

STEP 13: SAVE YOUR DOCUMENT AND EXIT ARCMAP

Now save your map document and exit ArcMap.

On the main ArcMap menu, click File > Save.

Click File > Exit.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Querying your database

In this exercise you experimented with querying your data in ArcMap using different
techniques. You learned how to add map tips, identify features, use the Find utility,
take measurements, make spatial and attribute selections and queries, and create a
selection layer.

You will use these skills later when you investigate your data for analysis.

EXERCISE END

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Query your GIS database

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 4 QUESTIONS

Question 1: Who owns the largest building?
Answer: William Holthaus

Question 2: Who owns the building valued at $239,400?

Answer: Martin Shippers

Question 3: What is the value of the building that crosses the flooded boundary?
Answer: $231,900

Question 4: Who owns the building that crosses the flooded boundary?
Answer: S. Kopp

Question 5: What is the distance from the lower-left corner of the largest building to
the lower-left corner of the second largest building (in meters)?
Answer: approximately 89 m

Question 6: What is the approximate length (in kilometers) of the flood area at its
longest axis?
Answer: approximately 0.7 km

Question 7: What is the total building value for these selected buildings?
Answer: $3,646,202

Question 8: What percentage of buildings was flooded in this dataset?

Answer: (38 / 146) 100 = approximately 26 percent

Question 9: What is the price of the most expensive building in the flooded area?
Answer: $357,290

Question 10: How many flooded buildings have a value over $200,000?
Answer: six

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 Working with spatial
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8))

data
Explore spatial data formats 5-1
Start ArcCatalog and create a new
folder connection
Work with the Contents view
contents
5-1
5-2
Work with the Preview tab and
explore a shapefile 5-5
Explore a coverage 5-7
Explore metadata 5-8
Explore a geodatabase 5-9
Explore a CAD data source 5-13
Convert a shapefile to a
geodatabase 5-15
Explore raster datasets 5-15
Challenge: Create a thumbnail 5-17
Challenge: Perform summary
statistics on a feature class 5-18
Explore spatial data formats

EXERCISE 5: EXPLORE SPATIAL DATA FORMATS

In this exercise you will familiarize yourself with ESRI spatial data formats using
ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox™, and ArcMap.

STEP 1: START ARCCATALOG AND CREATE A NEW FOLDER CONNECTION

The focus of this exercise is data exploration. You will use ArcCatalog to browse,
preview, and manage data. First, launch the ArcCatalog application. If you don’t know
how to start ArcCatalog, ask your instructor.

Start ArcCatalog.

When ArcCatalog opens, you see the Catalog tree on the left side of the window. The
Catalog tree lists your current connections.

Notice that ArcCatalog may not have a direct connection to the course database. The
default connection is usually to the C:\ drive. While this connection will work for the
purposes of the training class, without a more direct connection, you may need to
navigate to the training database every time you want to view the data.

NOTE: You may have a different list of the top level entries in your
ArcCatalog tree. To check this click Tools > Options and click the General
tab.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

You can simplify the navigation process by adding a new connection directly to the
course database.

Click the Connect To Folder button , navigate to the C:\Student\igis1 folder and
click OK.

The path to the course data folder has been added as an additional connection.

From now on you can use this shortcut to access data located in the database. In
addition, ArcMap uses this shortcut when you are adding feature classes to the display
canvas.

STEP 2: WORK WITH THE CONTENTS VIEW

ArcCatalog lets you view your data using any one of three different options. In this
step and the following steps you will use these views to examine your data in
ArcCatalog.

The three views in ArcCatalog are: Contents view, Preview

view, and Metadata view. You switch between them by
clicking on the tabs at the top of the display panel.

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Explore spatial data formats

Contents view displays the objects contained in the folder or connection you’ve
selected in the Catalog tree. There are four types of Contents views: Large icons, List,
Details, and Thumbnails. You switch between the view types by clicking the various
buttons on the Standard toolbar.

Large icons Thumbnails

List Details

You will use the Details view (the default) to examine the icons representing each type
of data in ArcCatalog.

Use the shortcut to navigate to the class data directory and click the Redlands folder
so its contents are displayed in the Contents panel.

Points

Lines

NOTE: Your list might be slightly different than what it is shown in the above
example.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

The Redlands folder contains data in several formats (coverage, shapefile, CAD, TIN,
and raster datasets). Each format is represented with an icon and is listed under the
Type column. There are two shapefile feature classes shown with different icons.

The icon for the Donut shapefile tells you that the shapefile contains point features,
while the icon for the Street shapefile tells you that the shapefile contains line features.

Question 1: How many coverages are in the Redlands folder? ________________

Question 2: How many shapefiles are in the Redlands folder? ________________

Question 3: How many CAD data sources are in the Redlands folder? _________

Question 4: How many raster datasets are in the Redlands folder? _____________

You may find it useful to display the file extensions in ArcCatalog, if they are not
already visible.

Click Tools > Options.

On the General tab, uncheck the Hide file extensions check box.

Click OK.

Notice that the file extensions are now included as part of the file name.

Now view the contents using the other view types: Large icons, List, and Thumbnails.

Click each of the four view buttons.

Thumbnails are a static snapshot of the data and appear for maps and for layers and
data that have an embedded thumbnail image. Currently, only the RedlandsArea
MrSID image has a thumbnail. The rest of the data is represented by default data type
icons. You cannot change the size of the thumbnails, and the view is automatically
formatted to display as many thumbnails across the width of the Contents panel as
possible. You will create a thumbnail later in the exercise.

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Explore spatial data formats

STEP 3: WORK WITH THE PREVIEW TAB AND EXPLORE A SHAPEFILE

The Preview view displays the geographic data you have selected in the Catalog tree.
You can view the geography or the attribute table of a feature class. With the Preview
tab you are viewing the actual data, so it is always correct and current (unlike the
thumbnails in the Contents view). If you have the 3D Analyst extension, you can also
choose to view the data in 3D view. When viewing data in 3D view, the left mouse
button rotates the view, the right mouse button zooms in and out, and the middle
mouse button pans.

In the bottom of the Preview tab, you can view the

Geography preview or Table preview.

NOTE: 3D View will only appear if you have activated the

ArcView 3D Analyst™ extension.

Next, you will examine the Redlands\street shapefile.

If necessary, navigate to the Redlands folder.

Click the street shapefile.

If necessary, click the Preview tab.

In the Preview window the lines are displayed for the shapefile's street feature class.
Shapefiles can only have one feature class.

When viewing geography, the Geography toolbar tools provide zoom and pan controls
for the view. The button at the far right of the toolbar creates and embeds a thumbnail
image in a layer or in data.

Zoom in Create Thumbnail

Zoom out Identify
Full Extent
Pan

Practice zooming and panning in the street shapefile.

Change the Preview to display the table.

Note the attributes stored for the Redlands streets.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

Use the scroll bars to examine this feature class table.

Shapefiles can be explored in ArcCatalog and displayed and edited in ArcMap.

Switch back to preview the geography.

Click the Launch ArcMap tool. If the Startup menu appears, confirm or click A new
empty map, then click OK.

Resize the ArcMap and ArcCatalog application windows as needed so you can see
both of them on the screen at the same time.

In ArcCatalog, drag and drop the street shapefile into ArcMap.

Notice that the street shapefile is added to the display and to the Table of Contents.
The line color is randomly generated, and you can change it by right-clicking the line
symbol.

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Explore spatial data formats

STEP 4: EXPLORE A COVERAGE

Unlike shapefiles, coverages can contain multiple feature classes. You will examine
the city zoning coverage.

In the ArcCatalog tree, navigate to the Redlands folder and click on the plus sign
next to the zonecov coverage.

Click on the polygon feature class.

The polygons are displayed for the zonecov coverage. Polygons in a coverage are
composed of arcs. The arcs themselves can have attributes independent of the
polygons. Next, view the coverage arcs.

Click on the arc feature class for the zonecov coverage in the ArcCatalog directory
tree.

Question 5: What is the difference between rendering arc and polygon feature
classes? ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Arcs are stored as a separate feature class, but the relationships between arcs and
polygons are explicitly stored in a coverage. Arcs form the boundaries of polygons.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

NOTE: Explicitly defining arc-polygon relationships allows you to model the

association between them, such as each arc’s left and right polygon. That way
you can find all the arcs that represent the border between Open Space and
Commercial zoning.

The spatial relationship between features (arcs and polygons) allows the polygon
attribute table to store information about a shape’s area and perimeter. Preview the
table for the zonecov polygons.

Click on the polygon feature class of the zonecov coverage in the ArcCatalog
directory tree.

Click the Preview tab and at the bottom of its panel, from the Preview dropdown
list, click Table.

Question 6: Which polygon identifier (FID) has the largest area? _____________
_________________________________________________________________
Hint: Right-click the area column name and sort the area field in descending order.

Now preview the geography for the zonecov tic feature class.

The tics are displayed. Every coverage contains tic points. These represent known
coordinates that are used to geographically reference the coverage.

Question 7: Which feature classes are in the zonecov coverage? ______________

_________________________________________________________________

STEP 5: EXPLORE METADATA

To decide whether or not a data source is suitable to use in your map, you often need more infor-
mation than its basic properties and a look at its features. You may need information about the
data’s accuracy, or about how a set of measurements was collected. An item’s metadata includes
this type of documentation, along with many properties that are automatically derived from the
data.

The Metadata tab presents this information in an easy-to-read format.

Click on zonecov in the ArcCatalog directory tree.

Click the Metadata tab.

The information stored in the metadata can be formatted by a number of style sheets.
You will explore the metadata using the FGDC ESRI stylesheet. It has tabs to
categorize the metadata according to Description, Spatial, and Attribute information.

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Explore spatial data formats

On the Metadata toolbar, confirm that Stylesheet is set to FGDC ESRI. If it isn’t,
change the stylesheet to FGDC ESRI.

Browse the metadata in the different tabs by clicking on the hyperlinks for
Description, Spatial, and Attribute.

Under the Spatial tab, scroll down to Spatial data description and click on SDTS
description.

Question 8: How many polygons are in the zonecov coverage?________________

From the Stylesheet dropdown list, select another stylesheet and view how it
formats the metadata.

Change the stylesheet back to FGDC ESRI.

Click on the Contents tab.

Like shapefiles, coverages can be explored in ArcCatalog and displayed in ArcMap.

You cannot edit coverages in ArcMap.

Drag and drop the polygon feature class (under zonecov) into ArcMap.

The zonecov polygons are added to the display and the Table of Contents in ArcMap.
They are automatically added at the bottom of the Table of Contents draw list so that
the street lines will display on top of the polygons instead of being obstructed by the
polygons.

Question 9: Coverages can be stored as both a raster and a vector. (TRUE/FALSE)

_________________________________________________________________

STEP 6: EXPLORE A GEODATABASE

Geodatabases are another data format available to ArcGIS users. First, use ArcCatalog
to navigate to a geodatabase in the class data directory.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

In ArcCatalog, navigate to the Regis folder and double-

click the Red_GDB geodatabase to expand its contents.

Notice, from the icon to its left and the .mdb extension at
the end of its name in the Catalog tree, that Red_GDB is a
personal geodatabase. A personal geodatabase is a
geodatabase stored in a Microsoft MDB file (a database
file format supported by Microsoft Access).

Notice the contents of the geodatabase. Currently, there

are two feature datasets: Municipal and Transportation. A
geodatabase feature dataset contains a collection of
feature classes that share spatial relationships. Now you
will examine these feature datasets.

Click the plus sign next to the Municipal feature dataset to expand it.

Question 10: How many feature classes are in the Municipal dataset? __________

A feature class is a collection of features with the same type of geometry. There are
four types of geodatabase geometry: point, multipoint, polyline (arcs), and polygon.
The icon used for each feature class reveals the geometry type of the features.

NOTE: A multipoint feature type is a logical grouping of points. For

example, if you had a number of islands in Indonesia, instead of individually
assigning points to them you could group them together into a single
multipoint object.

Feature classes that do not share topological relationships with another feature class
may exist independently in the geodatabase.

Right-click the coffee feature class and click Properties.

Click the Fields tab.

File-based formats (e.g., coverages, shapefiles) store spatial and attribute data in
separate files and link the files together based on numerical identifiers. In a
geodatabase users access the spatial and attribute information through a single table.

Question 11: Which field stores the spatial coordinate data for the feature class?
_________________________________________________________________

Under Field Name, click the Shape field.

Question 12: What is the geometry type for the coffee feature class? ___________

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Click Cancel to close the Feature Class Properties dialog.

Now preview the spatial data in the coffee feature class.

If necessary, click the Preview tab.

Question 13: How many features are displayed? ___________________________

Feature classes in a feature dataset can be organized into a geometric network.

Geometric networks store topological relationships for their features, such as the
length, direction, and connectivity of lines. They combine line and point feature
classes to model linear features such as electrical or water networks.

All feature classes in a feature dataset must share the same coordinate system, and
their features must fall within a common geographic area.

Right-click the Transportation feature dataset and click Properties.

Question 14: Notice the spatial reference information. What is the projected
coordinate system for this feature dataset? _______________________________

Click Cancel to close the Feature Dataset Properties dialog.

Click the plus sign next to the Transportation feature dataset.

Right-click the Traffic_net geometric network and click Properties.

In the General tab, examine the feature classes participating in the network. The street
and Traffic_net_Junctions feature classes are participating in this network. These
feature classes are both in the Transportation feature dataset.

Click through the tabs and briefly examine the kind of information stored in a
geometric network. Working with geometric networks can be sophisticated and may
require some experience when modeling complex geographic objects like utility
networks.

Click Cancel to close the Geometric Network Properties dialog.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

Next, you will explore a geodatabase that has a topology. The primary purpose of
topology is to define spatial relationships (e.g. adjacency, coincidence, and
connectivity) between one or more feature classes. Incorporating topology into a
feature dataset allows you to better model the real world and manage the spatial
integrity of your data. The spatial integrity is managed by a set of rules defined by you,
which will help you find and fix topologic errors. In ArcView®, you must use an
existing topology, you can not create a new topology or modify an existing one.

In ArcCatalog, navigate to the Regis folder and double-click the

Redlands_Topology_GDB geodatabase to expand its contents.

NOTE: Notice that you have two Redlands geodatabases: one called
Red_GDB.mdb and the other Redlands_Topology_GDB.mdb. We have
created the latter one only for this step so that you can explore a geodatabase
that has a stored topology. In a real-life situation, you would generally have
only one geodatabase for the same area.

Expand the Redlands_Topology feature dataset.

Notice that this feature dataset has two feature classes

(Parcels_topo and Streets_topo). They are identified
with the topo suffix to indicate that these are dedicated
feature classes for this topology. This feature dataset
also has a topology associated with it, it is called Redlands_Topology.

Right-click on Redlands_Topology topology.

NOTE: Two things happen when you do this:

first, if the Preview tab is active, you will see
dark pink squares indicating that the
topology has been validated (i.e., checked
for errors) and that some topology rules
have been violated; and second, you will see
this context menu..
NOTE: If the topology has not been validated, a blue
hatched rectangle will display in the Preview
tabClick Properties.

On the Topology Properties dialog, click on the

different tabs (General, Feature Classes, Rules, and Errors) and examine the
different properties that were assigned for this topology. Use this information to
answer the following questions:

Question 15: On the General tab, what is the Status of this topology?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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Question 16: On the Feature Classes tab, what are the feature classes that participate
in this topology?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Question 17: On the Rules tab what topology rules are set for each feature class?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Question 18: On the Errors tab, click the Generate Summary button. How many
errors are there in the data and which topology rule was violated?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Click Cancel to close the Topology Properties dialog.

You have just examined the properties of an existing topology in a geodatabase. A

topology can only be created for a dedicated feature dataset. You can only view
topology in ArcView. You will need ArcEditor™ or ArcInfo to create features, handle
edits, and fix errors using a topology. In the Introduction to ArcGIS II (for ArcView 8,
ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) course, you will create a topology, assign rules, and edit
features in the topology.

STEP 7: EXPLORE A CAD DATA SOURCE

A CAD data source can be viewed as a single unit, or each layer can be viewed
separately. CAD data sources have two entries in the Catalog: first, the CAD drawing
that represents all layers combined; and second, the collection entry that can be
expanded to view individual feature classes for the points, lines, polylines, polygons,
or annotation in the various layers.

CAD
feature
classes

CAD drawing
representing all
layers combined

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

NOTE: Polylines are any line defined by three or more points. ArcInfo often
refers to line features in feature classes (e.g., boundaries, roads, streams, and
streets) as polylines when it interprets the unconverted CAD file.

Complete the following steps to examine a CAD data source.

In the ArcCatalog tree, navigate to the Redlands folder and click the subdiv.dxf file
that represents the CAD drawing with all layers combined.

Next, preview the individual feature classes.

Click the plus sign ( + ) next to the subdiv.dxf entry that contains the feature classes.

Click Point.

Click the Preview tab.

Nothing is displayed because the DXF file does not contain points. CAD files may
contain empty feature classes.

Click Polyline.

The lines are displayed. CAD data sources can also be displayed in ArcMap and
converted to other formats in ArcToolbox.

Click and drag the subdiv.dxf polyline feature class into ArcMap.

NOTE: If your data is missing spatial reference information, you will get a
warning message stating that the layer cannot be projected. This is logical,
because you must know the starting coordinate system before you can project
into a new coordinate space. Click OK to close the Warning window.

Notice that this dataset has a very small spatial extent compared to the other Redlands
datasets shown on your map. You may need to change the symbol color (by right-
clicking the current line symbol) to clarify its location. You can also zoom to the
extent of a specific layer in ArcMap.

Right-click the subdiv.dxf polyline layer in the ArcMap Table of Contents.

Hint: You might need to symbolize this layer with an outstanding color.

Click Zoom To Layer.

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STEP 8: CONVERT A SHAPEFILE TO A GEODATABASE

Performing data analysis often requires you to convert from one data format to
another. For example, some of the analysis tools in ArcToolbox are designed to work
on geodatabases.

In ArcCatalog, click the Launch ArcToolbox button .

In ArcToolbox, double-click Conversion Tools, then double-click Export from

Shapefile.

Double-click Shapefile to Geodatabase to start the tool.

For Input shapefile, click the Browse button and navigate to the
C:\Student\igis1\Redlands folder.

Click the street shapefile and click Open.

Next, you need to specify a name and location for the output geodatabase.

Click the Browse button and navigate to the \igis1\Regis folder in your student
directory.

Click Red_GDB and click Open.

Enter NewRoads as the new feature class, then click OK.

It may take a few moments to convert the data. When the conversion is complete,
notice that the new feature class, named NewRoads, appears in the Red_GDB
geodatabase if you browse to it in ArcCatalog.

Minimize ArcToolbox.

STEP 9: EXPLORE RASTER DATASETS

Raster formats store data as equally sized cells, or pixels, arranged in rows and
columns. Each cell stores a value that is constant throughout the entire cell. The
resolution of the data is related to cell size: smaller cell size can show more detail
within the study area, but it can also increase the size of the file. ArcInfo supports
display and conversion of many raster file formats including several popular image
formats.

In the ArcCatalog tree, click the C:\Student\igis1\Redlands\RedlandsArea MrSid

image and preview it.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

The image displays in the Preview panel.

Click the Zoom In tool and draw a small box anywhere on the image.

Objects displayed on the image become clearer as you zoom in, but if you try to zoom
in too far, the image becomes fuzzy. Next, examine the properties of the image.

Right-click RedlandsArea.sid and click Properties.

Question 19: How many rows does the image contain?______________________

Question 20: How many columns does the image contain? ___________________

Question 21: How many bands does the image contain? _____________________

Question 22: What is the image cell size (in meters)? _______________________
Hint: You might need to use the Metadata tab in ArcCatalog.

Notice that the image is actually composed of three separate layers. Many types of
imagery are collected and stored in multiple layers. Each layer stores the amount of
reflectance from a different wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum. By assigning
different colors to each layer, analysts can evaluate factors such as landcover type and
vegetation density. In ArcMap, you can alter the colors assigned to the individual
layers.

Click Cancel to close the Raster Dataset Properties dialog.

Drag and drop the RedlandsArea.sid image onto ArcMap.

Notice the colors automatically assigned to the layers. This is called a true color
representation. If you wanted to, you could change the symbology properties of the
layer to alter the image display.

Changing colors on an image is especially useful with natural resource data. For
instance, modifying the color visualization of a soils image may highlight areas where
nutrient levels are low and provide information about if and where remediation action
is needed.

Now use ArcCatalog to view another image.

Preview the redquadimg.jpg file.

Zoom in for a closer look by drawing a small box anywhere on the image using the
Zoom In tool.

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Explore spatial data formats

Notice that the image is a scanned USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle sheet for part of the
Redlands study area.

You have now explored many of the data formats supported by ArcGIS and have
become familiar with the icons used to represent them. Next, you will turn off the file
extension visibility for ArcCatalog.

Click Tools > Options.

On the General tab, check the Hide file extensions check box.

Click OK.

Unless you want to continue to the Challenge step, exit the three applications
(ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and ArcToolbox) without saving.

CHALLENGE: CREATE A THUMBNAIL

Thumbnails are small images that make it easy to see what a particular dataset, map, or
layer looks like without having to draw it. You can use the Create Thumbnail button
located on the Geography Toolbar in ArcCatalog to create a snapshot of your data.

In the Catalog tree, navigate to the Redlands folder.

Click on the soilscov coverage.

Click the Preview tab.

Notice that all the Geography toolbar buttons are now enabled.

Zoom in on the center of the soilscov coverage.

Click the Create Thumbnail button to create a new thumbnail image.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

Navigate back to the Redlands folder, click the Contents tab, and click the
Thumbnails button to view the thumbnail image you just embedded in soilscov.

Experiment with creating thumbnails for the different data types in the Redlands
folder.

CHALLENGE: PERFORM SUMMARY STATISTICS ON A FEATURE CLASS

Use ArcMap to perform summary statistics on the zonecov polygon feature class
attribute table to determine how many polygons are classified as COM or RES
polygons. Also, report the total area for both types of zones. If you get stuck on how to
perform the challenge, the solution is provided after the answers to the exercise
questions on the following pages.

Question 23: How many polygons are classified as RES? ____________________

Question 24: What is the total area of RES polygons?_______________________

Question 25: How many polygons are classified as COM? ___________________

Question 26: What is the total area of COM polygons? ______________________

When finished, exit the three applications (ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and ArcToolbox)
without saving.

EXERCISE END

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Explore spatial data formats

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 5 QUESTIONS

Question 1: How many coverages are in the Redlands folder?
Answer: five

Question 2: How many shapefiles are in the Redlands folder?

Answer: three

Question 3: How many CAD data sources are in the Redlands folder?
Answer: two

Question 4: How many raster datasets are in the Redlands folder?

Answer: two

Question 5: What is the difference between rendering arc and polygon feature classes?
Answer: Arc features render as outlines while polygon features render as solid-
fill areas.

Question 6: Which polygon identifier (FID) has the largest area?

Answer: polygon FID 1150, with an area of 7,707,022 square meters

Question 7: Which feature classes are in the zonecov coverage?

Answer: arc, label, polygon, tic

Question 8: How many polygons are in the zonecov coverage?

Answer: 1,264

Question 9: Coverages can be stored as both a raster and a vector. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer: false—they are vector only

Question 10: How many feature classes are in the Municipal dataset?
Answer: two

Question 11: Which field stores the spatial coordinate data for the feature class?
Answer: Shape

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

Question 12: What is the geometry type for the coffee feature class?
Answer: point

Question 13: How many features are displayed?

Answer: five

Question 14: Notice the spatial reference information. What is the projected
coordinate system for this feature dataset?
Answer: NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_11N

Question 15: On the General tab, what is the Status of this topology?
Answer: Validated-Errors Exist

Question 16: On the Feature Classes tab, what are the feature classes that participate
in this topology?
Answer: Streets_topo and Parcels_topo

Question 17: On the Rules tab what topology rules are set for each feature class?
Answer: Must not have dangles and Must not overlap

Question 18: On the Errors tab, click the Generate Summary button. How many errors
are there in the data and which topology rule was violated?
Answer: 518; Must Not Have Dangles

Question 19: How many rows does the image contain?

Answer: 20,395

Question 20: How many columns does the image contain?

Answer: 30,000

Question 21: How many bands does the image contain?

Answer: three

Question 22: What is the image cell size (in meters)?

Answer: Approximately 0.61

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Explore spatial data formats

CHALLENGE SOLUTION
Recommended procedure:

In ArcMap, right-click on the zonecov layer, and click Open attribute table.

In the Attributes of zonecov table, click on the ZONE_CODE field title.

Right-click on ZONE_CODE, and click Summarize in the context menu.

In the Summarize dialog, make sure ZONE_CODE is the selected field to

summarize.

Now specify one or more summary statistics to be included in the summary table.

If AREA is not expanded, expand it by clicking on the plus sign ( + ) and check the
Sum box only.

Specify a location and name for the output table to the Redlands folder.

Type zonestats.dbf as the name of the output table at the end of the path.

Click OK.

Click Yes when prompted to add the table to the map.

Open the zonestats table by right-clicking on the table in the Table of Contents and
clicking Open.

Question 23: How many polygons are classified as RES?

Answer: 882

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)) Working with spatial data

Question 24: What is the total area of RES polygons?

Answer: 33,508,522.6 square meters

Question 25: How many polygons are classified as COM?

Answer: 194

Question 26: What is the total area of COM polygons?

Answer: 14,508,785.7 square meters

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 Working with tables
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

Relate and join tables 6-1 Create a graph and report in Exit ArcMap 6-29
Start ArcCatalog and explore
INFO tables
View an attribute table
6-1
6-2
ArcMap
Start ArcMap and open the map
document
6-17

6-17
Challenge: Format the number
in your report contents
6-29

Examine the properties of the fields 6-3 Open the graph properties and
Examine a geodatabase table 6-4 change the graph type 6-18
Examine table cardinality 6-4 Set graph properties and create
the graph 6-19
Create the join 6-6
Modify the graph's properties 6-21
Modify the appearance of the
joined table 6-7 Export the graph 6-22
Create the relate 6-9 Display report properties and
specify fields 6-22
make a selection and examine
the related table 6-10 Set the sorting and summary
options 6-23
Label features with joined
attributes 6-13 Set display properties 6-24
Exit ArcCatalog and ArcMap 6-15 Generate the report 6-27
Embed the graph in the report 6-27
Add the report to the layout 6-28
Relate and join tables

EXERCISE 6A: RELATE AND JOIN TABLES

In addition to knowing the variety of spatial data formats supported by ArcGIS, you
also need to be familiar with their associated tabular attribute formats. By exploring
various formats, this exercise will show you how to merge tables through relates and
joins.

STEP 1: START ARCCATALOG AND EXPLORE INFO TABLES

Start ArcCatalog and navigate to C:\Student\igis1\Redlands.

You will use ArcCatalog to preview some feature class attribute information. The
features in this tabular data all have similar spatial attributes. For example, a point
feature class table consists of records pertaining to only point features, and a polygon
feature class table contains only records pertaining to polygon features. Remember
that each feature is represented as a row in the table.

In ArcCatalog, in the Catalog tree, click the plus sign ( + ) next to the Redlands
folder to expand it.

First, you will explore an INFO table. INFO tables are the format for coverage feature
attribute tables (FATs). Each coverage feature class has its own unique table template.

Click the plus sign ( + ) next to the zonecov coverage, then click polygon.

Click the Preview tab, and in the Preview dropdown list below the Preview window,
click Table.

Note the fields and values of the table in the Preview window.

zonecov.pat
(coverage
polygon attribute
table)

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

The fields from AREA to ZONECOV-ID are created and calculated by ArcGIS when
the table is first created. Any fields to the right of ZONECOV-ID are attribute fields
added by the user. In this table, the field ZONE_CODE was added by a user.

In addition to default INFO tables associated with a coverage feature class, you may
also have other associated tables containing attribute data. The table named
zone_code.dat contains attributes that describe the zoning codes. Now you will
examine this table.

In the Catalog tree, click zone_code.dat and preview it.

zone_code.dat
(INFO table)

Independent tables like this can be related or joined to spatial data to provide
additional attribute information. Notice that the zone_code.dat table also contains a
field named ZONE_CODE. If you were to create a relationship between these tables,
it would be based on the ZONE_CODE fields that they have in common.

STEP 2: VIEW AN ATTRIBUTE TABLE

Now you will view the feature attribute table for a shapefile.

In the Catalog tree, click the donut shapefile.

NOTE: If you have the option to show file extensions set, you may see
donut.shp rather than donut in the Catalog tree. To hide file extensions, click
Options from the Tools menu, and under the General tab, check the box next
to Hide File Extensions at the bottom of the dialog. Click OK to apply the
change.

The feature attribute table for the donut shapefile is displayed.

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Relate and join tables

Resize the columns as needed by clicking on the dividing line between the column
names and dragging the line to make the column larger or smaller.

donut.dbf
(shapefile
attribute table)

STEP 3: EXAMINE THE PROPERTIES OF THE FIELDS

By default, the donut shapefile is associated with a dBASE table that contains the
attributes for each of the donut shops represented in the shapefile. You can explore the
definitions of the table fields in the Shapefile Properties dialog.

In the ArcCatalog Catalog tree, right-click on the donut shapefile, and click
Properties from the context menu that appears.

In the Shapefile Properties dialog, click the Fields tab.

A list of the fields in the donut shapefile's attribute table is displayed along with the
field's data type.

donut
shapefile
properties

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

Click the Shape field. Notice that the field properties change to show the properties
of the field.

donut
Shape field
properties

Try clicking some of the other fields to see their properties.

Click Cancel to close the Shapefile Properties dialog.

STEP 4: EXAMINE A GEODATABASE TABLE

In addition to feature class tables like the one you just displayed, a geodatabase can
also store additional attribute information.

In ArcCatalog, navigate to the Regis folder, then double-click the Red_GDB

geodatabase to open it.

Click the owner table and preview it, paying special attention to the Own_ID field.

owner
(geodatabase table)

STEP 5: EXAMINE TABLE CARDINALITY

A relationship between two tables can be established by creating a relate, which allows
you to link two or more tables, like a table containing additional attributes to a table of
spatial features. Unlike joining tables, a relate simply sets up a relationship between
two tables. The associated data is not appended to the layer’s attribute table like it is
with a join.

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Relate and join tables

For example, by creating a relate between the coffee feature class table and the
shareholders table, you are dealing with a one-to-many relationship where a coffee
shop may have more than one shareholder.

In ArcCatalog, click the shareholders table and preview the attributes.

coffee shareholders (geodatabase table)

(geodatabase feature class table)

1:many

Compare the shareholders table’s fields to the fields in the coffee feature class table.
Notice that the tables have matching Coffee_ID records. The coffee feature class has
only unique values for the Coffee_ID field while the COFFEE_ID field in the
shareholders table contains the same value several times.

You will establish a relate between these two tables based on the field named
Coffee_ID, but first you will join the shareholders table to the owner table.

Now click on the owner table and preview the attributes.

shareholders (geodatabase table) owner (geodatabase table)

many:1

The shareholders table has a relationship to the owner table though the Own_ID field.
There is a many-to-one relationship from the shareholders table to the owner table.
Before you establish a relate between the coffee feature class table and the
shareholders table, you will create a join between the shareholders and the owner
tables to append the information in these two tables together.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

STEP 6: CREATE THE JOIN

Launch ArcMap with A new empty map by clicking the ArcMap button .

Next, you will need to join the shareholders table with the owner table, a many-to-one
relationship. This will help you see that some people have an interest in more than one
coffee shop, and that certain coffee shops are owned by several people.

First, you will add the data to ArcMap.

Click the Add Data button and navigate to the C:\Student\igis1\Regis\Red_GDB

geodatabase.

Double-click Red_GDB to open it, and select the coffee feature class and both the
owner and the shareholders tables (hold down the Ctrl key and use the mouse to
select multiple objects).

Click the Add button.

Double-click on the coffee layer to open the Properties dialog.

On the Labels tab, check Label Features in this layer, confirm that label field is set
to NAME, and click OK.

Right-click the shareholders table in the TOC, click Joins and Relates in the context
menu, and click Join.

In the Join Data dialog, for item 1, select Own_ID as the field that the join will be
based on.

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Relate and join tables

For item 2, choose owner as the table to join to, and for item 3, choose Own_ID as
the field in the owner table to base the join on.

Click OK.

Right-click on shareholders and click Open.

The attributes of both tables have been appended. Now you can see the name of which
owner is a shareholder and what percentage of a business they own.

Close the table.

STEP 7: MODIFY THE APPEARANCE OF THE JOINED TABLE

To make the joined table easier to read, you will turn off several of the fields.

Right-click shareholders and click Properties.

Click the Fields tab.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

Click shareholders.OBJECTID, then uncheck the Visible check box.

Uncheck the Visible check box for four fields: shareholders.Own_ID,

owner.OBJECTID, and owner.Own_ID.

Click OK.

Open the shareholders table to see your changes.

NOTE: Internally, ArcMap named the new shareholders table

shareholders_owner (using the names of the two joined tables with an
underscore between the names).

shareholders table
(after JOIN and disabling the visibility of four fields)

Close the shareholders table.

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Relate and join tables

STEP 8: CREATE THE RELATE

Now you will create a relate between the coffee feature class table and the
shareholders table (internally named shareholders_owner) that has now been joined
with the owner information. Remember the cardinality between the coffee feature
class table and the shareholders table is a one-to-many relationship.

coffee shareholders
(geodatabase feature class table) (geodatabase joined table)

1:many
coffee_share

Right-click on coffee and click Joins and Relates > Relate.

In the Relate dialog, for item 1, choose Coffee_ID as the field that the relate will be
based on in the coffee feature class table.

For item 2, choose shareholders_owner as the table that you want to relate to.

For item 3, choose shareholders.COFFEE_ID as the related table’s field to base the
relate on.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

For item 4, name the relate coffee_share

Click OK.

You have just established a relate between the coffee feature class table and the results
of the join between the shareholders and owner tables.

STEP 9: MAKE A SELECTION AND EXAMINE THE RELATED TABLE

In this step you will make a selection from the coffee feature class and using the relate
you created between this feature class table and the shareholders joined table, the
related records will also be selected. First, you will select a coffee shop and open the
layer’s attribute table.

On the Tools toolbar use the Select Features tool to select the coffee shop labeled
Java Quik.

Open the attribute table for the coffee layer.

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Relate and join tables

The record for the Java Quik coffee shop is highlighted.

Next, you will open and observe the related records in the shareholders joined table by
activating the relate between these two tables.

Click the Options button at the bottom of the Attributes of coffee dialog.

Click Related Tables on the context menu and click

coffee_share:shareholders_owner (the name of the relate you created previously
and the name of the related table).

NOTE: The attribute tables may display on top of each other. Click and drag
the top table to see the other table behind it.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

The attributes in the shareholders table (the joined table) appear with the records
selected that relate to Krista Page and Jamie Parrish, who are the joint owners for this
coffee shop.

Close the Attributes of shareholders table and select a different coffee shop.

Click Options > Related Tables > coffee_share:shareholders_owner relate again

and examine the related table.

When finished, close all tables.

You can also access the related information for each coffee shop using the Identify
tool.

Use the Identify tool to click on the Grounds-R-Us coffee shop.

In the Identify Results window, expand the results in the left-hand side, and click 1
(the FID value of the identified point) to see the related information update in the
right panel.

Close the Identify Results window.

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Relate and join tables

STEP 10: LABEL FEATURES WITH JOINED ATTRIBUTES

Although you can access related records through the table Options items and the
Identify tool, you cannot use the information, accessed through a relate, for labeling or
symbolizing features. However, records that have been joined to a layer’s attribute
table can be used to label or symbolize that layer. In this step you will join the coffee
feature class table to a table listing health inspection information.

Click Add Data and add the coffee_dat table from the Red_GDB.mdb.

This table has a one-to-one match with the coffee feature class table and you will use it
to label the coffee shops with their latest health inspection code and date.

coffee (geodatabase feature class table) coffee_dat (geodatabase table)

1:1

Right-click on the coffee layer and click Joins and Relates > Join.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

Create the join to match the graphic below.

Click OK.

Right-click on the coffee layer and click Properties.

Click the Labels tab.

Click Expression.

Highlight and delete [NAME] from the Expression box.

From the Label Fields box, double-click coffee_dat.Health_Code, then

coffee_dat.Inspect_Date.

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Relate and join tables

This expression will result in labeling each coffee shop location on your map with the
following label components (a selected example is shown):

Health code Inspection date

A 11/25/2002

space

The Label Expression dialog should match the graphic below.

Click OK to dismiss the Label Expression dialog.

Click OK to dismiss the Layer Properties dialog.

Observe the labels on the coffee shop features have updated to show the results of their
latest health inspection code and date.

STEP 11: EXIT ARCCATALOG AND ARCMAP

Close ArcCatalog and ArcMap.

Click No when prompted to save your changes in ArcMap.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

In this exercise you explored various data formats and created relationships between
tables by establishing a relate and performing joins. You also learned how to modify
the appearance of a table by controlling which fields are visible.

EXERCISE END

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Create a graph and report in ArcMap

EXERCISE 6B: CREATE A GRAPH AND REPORT IN ARCMAP

In this exercise you will learn how to create graphs and reports in ArcMap. You will
quickly see how easy it is to create sophisticated elements that can greatly enhance
your map products and help your audience interpret your data and analysis results.

STEP 1: START ARCMAP AND OPEN THE MAP DOCUMENT

First, you will start ArcMap using an existing map document.

Click Start > Programs > ArcGIS > ArcMap.

Click An existing map.

Click OK.

In the Open dialog, navigate to C:\Student\igis1\Map_documents.

Open the map named ex6b.mxd.

The map opens, revealing the states in the northeastern United States.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

STEP 2: OPEN THE GRAPH PROPERTIES AND CHANGE THE GRAPH TYPE

Next, you will work with the Graph Wizard, specifying graph type, variables you want
to display, and different display properties (e.g., title, legend).

Click Tools > Graphs > Create.

The Step 1 panel of the Graph Wizard appears.

Under Graph type, click the Bar graph symbol.

Under Graph subtype, select the 3D Bar graph in the second row.

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Create a graph and report in ArcMap

Click Next.

STEP 3: SET GRAPH PROPERTIES AND CREATE THE GRAPH

Select states as the layer or table containing the data.

In the Fields list, uncheck AREA, then check the check boxes next to MALES and
FEMALES.

Click Next.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

Under Choose other options, make sure that the Label X Axis With check box is
checked.

Set the dropdown list to STATE_NAME.

NOTE: The Advanced Options button allows you to set more properties for
the graph. You will use this in the next step.

Make sure the Show Legend check box is checked.

Click Finish.

The newly created graph appears.

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Create a graph and report in ArcMap

STEP 4: MODIFY THE GRAPH'S PROPERTIES

In this step you will add titles to the graph and the y-axis.

Right-click the title bar of the Graph of states window to

display the context menu.

The context menu gives you many useful options. You can save
this graph out to disk so that at a later time you could print or
export it to another file type (BMP, JPEG, PNG, or WFM). You
can copy the graph to the Windows Clipboard and paste it into
other applications. You can also add the graph to the Layout
view of a map.

Click Properties on the context menu.

In the Graph Properties dialog, click the Appearance tab.

For Title, type Number of Males and Females in New England

Click the Advanced Options button.

For Right Title, type Number of Individuals, then click OK.

NOTE: You may need to increase the size of the graph display to see the title.

On the Graph Properties dialog, click OK.

The graph updates with your changes.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

STEP 5: EXPORT THE GRAPH

Right-click the Graph of states title bar and click Export.

For Save as type, click Windows Meta File (WMF) in the dropdown list.

Save the graph in C:\Student\igis1\Map_documents as Males_females.wmf

Close the Graph of states window.

The graph is finished for now. Next, you'll create a report, embed the graph into the
report, and embed the report into a layout.

STEP 6: DISPLAY REPORT PROPERTIES AND SPECIFY FIELDS

In this step you will create a report that shows the population of men and women in the
New England states.

Click Tools menu > Reports > Create Report.

First, you need to specify which fields should be included in the report.

Click the Fields tab. In the Available Fields list, select STATE_NAME, then click the
right arrow button to move STATE_NAME into the Report Fields list.

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Create a graph and report in ArcMap

Do the same for the MALES and FEMALES fields.

NOTE: You might select multiple fields from the Available Fields list while
holding the Ctrl key on your keyboard. Then click the right arrow button to
move those into the Report Fields list.

STEP 7: SET THE SORTING AND SUMMARY OPTIONS

Now you will set the sorting options for your report.

Click the Sorting tab.

For STATE_NAME, in the Sort field, click None.

A dropdown list appears.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

Click Ascending.

Now you will specify which fields to summarize.

Click the Summary tab.

Check the Average and Sum check boxes for both males and females.

NOTE: When you are trying to check the Sum check boxes, the Average
column may disappear. To prevent this, reduce the width of the columns.

STEP 8: SET DISPLAY PROPERTIES

When you want to preview a report, you can click Show Settings to see a full-screen-
size view of your report. You can change settings in Show Settings mode as well as in
the Report Properties dialog. To close the full screen window and return to the Report
Properties dialog, click the arrow next to Hide Settings.

Click the arrow just to the right of Show Settings (at the bottom right
of the dialog).

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Create a graph and report in ArcMap

Each additional change you make can be previewed by clicking Update Settings. You
may want to zoom in to see the report in better detail. The Display tab lets you control
the placement, color, and other properties for the report.

In the Report Properties dialog, click the Display tab.

Click the plus sign (+) next to Elements to expand it, if necessary.

Check the Title check box.

Under Property, click Text.

Under Value, replace the text Report Title with Summary Statistics

Under Property, click Font.

Under Value, click the ellipses button to open the Font dialog.

For Font, confirm that Times New Roman is selected.

For Font style, confirm that Bold is selected.

For Size, click 20

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

Click OK.

Click Update Settings to see the report title.

Notice that the report settings display only the format, not the actual data.

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Create a graph and report in ArcMap

STEP 9: GENERATE THE REPORT

Click Generate Report.

The Report Viewer opens, displaying the actual data with its current formatting.

Close the Report Viewer dialog.

STEP 10: EMBED THE GRAPH IN THE REPORT

In this step you will embed your newly created graph into this report.

Under the Settings list, click the plus sign (+) next to Elements to expand it, if
necessary.

Check the Image check box.

Under Property, click Picture.

Under Value, click the Ellipses button to launch the Open Image dialog.

Navigate to the Males_females.wmf file you saved earlier and click Open.

For the Image Height property, type 2.0

For the Image Left property, type 0.5

For the Image Top property, type 1.0

For the Image Width property, type 3.0

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

Click Generate Report to see the final report with the graph included.

STEP 11: ADD THE REPORT TO THE LAYOUT

In the Report Viewer, click Add.

Click OK to add your report to the map's Layout view.

Close the Report Viewer.

In the Report Properties dialog, click Save.

Save the file as report.rdf in the C:\Student\igis1\Map_documents folder.

Close the Report Properties dialog.

In ArcMap, click the box surrounding the report to reposition and resize the report
graphic for a more aesthetic layout.

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Create a graph and report in ArcMap

NOTE: You may need to move the states frame off the layout temporarily
before moving the report to a location you desire.

Remember this is not a final map yet. It still needs work to bring it to the standards of
good cartography. However, the scope of this exercise was simply for you to learn how
to create reports and graphs and plug them into a map layout in ArcGIS.

STEP 12: EXIT ARCMAP

Save your map and exit ArcMap if you are not doing the Challenge step.

Click the Save button and exit ArcMap.

CHALLENGE: FORMAT THE NUMBER IN YOUR REPORT

The report you generated in Step 9 showed the males and females values without the
thousands separators. For ease of reading these numbers, you will now add these
separators.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with tables

On the Report Properties dialog, under Settings, expand the Fields item.

Click on MALES.

Under the Property column, click the Number Format property, and under the Value
column, click the ellipses for the Number Format property.

On the Number Format dialog, check the Show thousands separators check box and
click OK.

Click Generate Report and notice the results on the Report Viewer.

Do the same for the FEMALES field.

Experiment with other properties of the report, and when finished, close all dialogs
and exit ArcMap without saving.

EXERCISE END

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 Editing data
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

Edit features with the Editor Challenge: Use the Sketch tool to
toolbar
Start ArcMap and load the data
Open the Editor toolbar and start
7-1
7-1
reshape and extend features
Edit attribute data
Add an attribute field
7-20
contents
7-25
7-25
an edit session 7-1
Select and move a parcel 7-2 Start ArcMap and load the data 7-26
Rotate a feature 7-3 Open the Field Calculator 7-27
Move the feature's selection anchor 7-3 Create an expression 7-28
Specify a rotation angle 7-4 Select several parcels 7-30
Move a vertex 7-4 View the attributes of the selected
parcel 7-30
Delete a vertex 7-5
Examine the attribute values 7-31
Add a vertex 7-6
Assign a LANDUSE code to a
Delete the parcel 7-6 parcel 7-31
Create a feature using the Sketch Copy and paste attributes 7-31
tool 7-7
Assign attributes to all selected
Add a feature using more sketch features 7-32
options 7-12
Save edits and exit ArcMap 7-33
Use multiple sketch tools 7-14
Edit features with the Editor toolbar

EXERCISE 7A: EDIT FEATURES WITH THE EDITOR TOOLBAR

In this exercise you will modify an existing parcel base map. You will learn how to use
a variety of the tools available on the Editor toolbar.

STEP 1: START ARCMAP AND LOAD THE DATA

Start ArcMap using A new empty map.

Click the Add Data button and navigate to the

C:\Student\igis1\Subdivision.mdb personal geodatabase.

Click SubdivisionParcels and click Add.

The SubdivisionParcels layer contains eight parcels.

STEP 2: OPEN THE EDITOR TOOLBAR AND START AN EDIT SESSION

Before you can start an edit session, you must display the Editor toolbar.

Click the Editor Toolbar button on the Standard toolbar to add the Editor
toolbar. If you like, dock the toolbar.

Notice that most of the controls on the Editor toolbar are disabled because you haven't
started an edit session.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

From the Editor drop down menu on the Editor toolbar, click Start Editing.

STEP 3: SELECT AND MOVE A PARCEL

First, you will use the Edit button, which is the primary tool for selecting and moving
features and manipulating vertices.

Click the Edit button .

Click on the parcel in the northeast corner.

The parcel is highlighted and your mouse pointer changes to indicate that you can drag
the feature. Notice that several controls are now enabled on the Editor toolbar.

Click and drag the parcel to the right of the other parcels.

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

NOTE: If you drag the parcel outside the extent of the map, click Fixed Zoom
Out on the Tools toolbar, until you can see the feature.

STEP 4: ROTATE A FEATURE

Next, you will rotate the selected parcel. The parcel will rotate around its selection
anchor (the X in the center of the parcel). If you docked the Editor toolbar, you may
have to enlarge the ArcMap window to see the Rotate button.

Click the Rotate button .

Click and drag anywhere in the display to rotate the feature around its selection
anchor.

STEP 5: MOVE THE FEATURE'S SELECTION ANCHOR

You can move the selection anchor to see how the anchor affects the rotation of the
feature.

Hold your mouse pointer over the selection anchor until its icon changes. Click the
selection anchor and drag it to a new location outside of the feature, slightly down
and to the left. Rotate the parcel again.
(1) (2)

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

STEP 6: SPECIFY A ROTATION ANGLE

You can rotate a feature by specifying an angle. The angle is relative to the feature
being rotated and is specified in degrees. A positive angle rotates the feature to the
right; a negative angle rotates the feature to the left.

Press A on the keyboard.

Type 45 and press Enter to rotate the feature 45 degrees.

(1) (2)
o
45

STEP 7: MOVE A VERTEX

You can use the Edit button to move a vertex.

Click the Edit button .

Double-click on the parcel you've been editing.

The parcel's sketch shows you the location of its vertices and segments.

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

Move your mouse pointer over the lower-left vertex. Click the vertex and drag it to
a new location.

The lines showing the new shape are a part of the sketch.

STEP 8: DELETE A VERTEX

You can modify vertices quickly using the context menu that appears when you right-
click on a sketch.

Move your mouse pointer over the upper-left vertex until its icon changes shape.
Right-click to access the context menu, then click Delete Vertex.

Your sketch should look similar to the one below, depending how you rotated the
parcel.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

STEP 9: ADD A VERTEX

In addition to moving and deleting vertices, you can add vertices.

Move your mouse pointer over the top-right line of the sketch. Right-click to open
the context menu, and click Insert Vertex.

Right-click here

Click anywhere away from the sketch to finish editing the parcel’s vertices.

Added
vertex Final

STEP 10: DELETE THE PARCEL

Select the parcel by clicking on it.

Click the Delete button on the Standard toolbar, or press Delete on the
keyboard.

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

The parcel is deleted.

Select parcel

Final

Now save your edits.

Click Editor > Save Edits.

In the next steps you will learn more about working with sketches. You will set
snapping properties, use sketching options such as parallel and perpendicular, and you
will experiment with tools that work in conjunction with the Sketch tool.

STEP 11: CREATE A FEATURE USING THE SKETCH TOOL

In this step you will create new features using the Sketch tool. The snapping
environment will help you create features. Before using the Sketch tool, you will set
the snapping properties.

Click Editor > Snapping.

For each layer there are three snapping options: Vertex snapping, Edge snapping, and
End snapping. Vertex snapping snaps to the vertices of features. Edge snapping snaps
to any part of the lines in the layer and is not influenced by vertices. End snapping
snaps to the endpoints of lines. You will set the snapping properties to snap to vertices.

Check the Vertex check box.

Adjust the size and position of the Snapping Environment window. You will use it
for the rest of this exercise.

Now set the snap tolerance.

Click Editor > Options and click the General tab.

For Snapping tolerance, type 10

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

For Snapping Tolerance units, click or confirm pixels.

Click OK.

Now you will use the Sketch tool to create a new feature. The Sketch tool works in
conjunction with the current task shown in the Task control. In the example below, the
task is set to Auto Complete Polygon, because you will be adding a new parcel
adjacent to an existing parcel. The Auto Complete Polygon task works also in
conjunction with the Target layer. In this step new features will be created in the
SubdivisionParcels layer.

Sketch tool Task Target Layer

NOTE: Notice that the Target layer receiving the edits is automatically set to
SubdivisionParcels. This is because you only have one layer in your map. If
you have multiple layers, you will need to set the Target to the layer you want
to edit.

Now use the Sketch tool to create a new parcel resembling the one you edited earlier.

Set the Task to Auto-Complete Polygon.

Auto-Complete Polygon allows you to add a polygon adjacent to other polygon

features without having to sketch in a duplicate boundary between them.

Click the Sketch Tool button.

Move your pointer close to the vertex marked (1). See the figure below.

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

Notice how the pointer snaps to the vertex when it is within the snap tolerance you set
above.
(A)
(1)

Click to add the vertex at (1).

Move the pointer to the parcel boundary marked (A), right-click on the boundary
and choose Parallel.
(A)
(1)

Move the pointer horizontally left to right and notice how the sketch line maintains
a path along the same direction of boundary (A).

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

Move the pointer to the right of the vertex marked (1), right-click, and choose
Length.
(1)
(A)

On the Length dialog, type 27 and press Enter

This will establish the vertex marked (2). See the figure below.

You have just finished adding the northern boundary of the new parcel. You will now
add the eastern boundary to be parallel to the existing boundary marked (B).
(2)
(1)
(A)

(B)

Right-click on the boundary (B) and choose Parallel.

Right-click and choose Length.

On the Length dialog, type 28 and press Enter

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

This will establish the vertex marked (3). (2)

See the figure at right. (1)
(A)
You have just finished adding the eastern
boundary of the new parcel. You will now (C)
add the southern boundary and auto-
complete the parcel polygon.
(3)

Move the pointer and double-click at (4)
the vertex marked (4).

This will auto-complete the parcel

polygon.

NOTE: You could have also right-clicked and chose Finish Sketch, which
will also auto-complete the parcel polygon.

Notice that throughout these steps of the Auto-Complete Polygon task, you did not
need to physically add boundary (C) for the new parcel. The Auto-Complete Polygon
task took care of that. The new parcel is created with a perfectly coincident boundary
between it and the neighboring parcel. Your parcels should resemble the ones below.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

STEP 12: ADD A FEATURE USING MORE SKETCH OPTIONS

In this step you will add a waterline for the subdivision.

Click the Add Data button, and from the Subdivision geodatabase, add the Lines
layer to your map.

If necessary, zoom out to see the entire water main.

To create new features, use the Create New Feature task, which works in conjunction
with the Target layer.

Sketch tool Task Target Layer

When new features are created, they are added to the Target layer. The Target layer
only affects the creation of new features; you can still edit any features in editable
layers of the map. The Target layer stores new features created by the Create New
Feature task, Buffer command, Divide command, Copy Parallel command, Paste
command, and other commands that create new features. You will use the Sketch tool
to create new features in the Lines layer.

On the Editor toolbar, for Target layer, click Lines.

You will set the snapping to the vertices and edges of the Lines layer.

In the Snapping Environment window, check the Vertex and Edge check boxes for
the Lines layer.

Since you will not edit the SubdivisionParcels layer for now, turn off the Vertex
snapping to this layer.

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

Next, add a waterline for the subdivision. The

existing line is oriented along the through street to
New water main
the right of the subdivision. The new water main (85 meters)
will branch off from the exact middle of the
existing line (toward the cul-de-sac). The new line
will be 85 meters long and perpendicular to the
existing line. Your finished waterline should
resemble the one on the right.

Click the Sketch tool.

Hover the pointer over the existing water line.

Right click to access the Sketch Tool Context Menu.

Click Snap to Feature > Midpoint.

The first vertex of the new line has been added and is snapped to the midpoint of the
existing water line. The new water line needs to be added perpendicular to the existing
line.

Keep the pointer hovered over the existing water line and right click to access the
Sketch Tool Context Menu.

Click Perpendicular.

Parallel, Perpendicular, and Segment Deflation reference the feature you are holding
the pointer over when you display the context menu.

Notice that the pointer is now fixed to move along a path perpendicular to the existing
line you used. Now you add a line that is 85 meters long.

Move the pointer towards the end of the cul-de-sac.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

Right click to access the Sketch Context Menu.

Click Length.

For Length, type 85 and press Enter

Right-click and click Finish Sketch.

You should have a waterline going through the center of the cul-de-sac.

STEP 13: USE MULTIPLE SKETCH TOOLS

Eight tools work in conjunction with the Sketch tool. These tools are shown in the
figure below and are available by clicking the down arrow next to the Sketch tool.

Sketch Tool Arc Tool

Midpoint Tool Tangent Tool
Distance-Distance Tool Trace Tool

Intersection Tool
End Point Arc Tool
Direction-Distance Tool

NOTE: If you want to undo a sketch or portion of a sketch, use the Undo
button on the main toolbar.

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

The following is a description of what these tools can do. Each tool will work in
conjunction with the Sketch tool.

The Intersection Tool finds the implied intersection of two lines.

The Arc Tool creates circular arc segments for the current sketch.
These arc segments are true curves with vertices at the beginning and
end of the arc segment.

The Midpoint Tool places a vertex at the midpoint between two
locations specified by the user.

The End Point Arc Tool creates a circular arc with an adjustable
radius. The first two points are specified for the start and end of the
curve. The third point controls the radius.

The Tangent Tool creates a circular arc based on the previously
sketched segment.

The Distance-Distance Tool finds two possible locations given the
distance from two fixed points, and you can then pick which location
to use in the sketch.

The Direction-Distance Tool allows you to enter in an angle and
distance from known points to place a new vertex.

The Trace Tool allows you to trace along or at a specified offset from
selected features.

You will create a parcel with a 40 meters

starting point 60 meters from the
southeast lot corner and 40
meters from the northeast lot
corner. When finished, your (1) New parcel
parcel should resemble the one to be added
on the right.
60 meters
First, you will locate point (1), in
the above figure, using the Distance-Distance tool.

Turn off Vertex and Edge snapping for the Lines layer.

Turn on Vertex snapping for SubdivisionParcels layer.

For Target, click SubdivisionParcels.

Click the Distance-Distance tool .

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

Click the northeast lot corner.

Northeast
lot corner

The Distance-Distance tool lets you define distances using the mouse or by typing an
explicit distance. If you choose to define the distance with the mouse, the distance is
reported in the ArcMap message area in the lower-left corner of the application.

In this step you will type an explicit distance. The R and D (radius and distance) keys
on the keyboard allow you to type an explicit distance.

Press R on the keyboard.

Type 40 and press Enter

Click the southeast lot corner.

Southeast
lot corner

Press D on the keyboard.

Type 60 and press Enter

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

After Distance-Distance specifies the two distances, you must pick the most
appropriate location.

Click the location east of the parcels.

Turn off Vertex snapping for the SubdivisionParcels layer.

Click the Sketch Tool button .

Using the skills you just learned, add a segment that

is 28 meters long and parallel to the waterline along
the through street.

Hint: You will want to specify that the line is to be

parallel to the waterline before you specify the length.

Add the north boundary of the parcel perpendicular to

the last segment (any length you want; 30 is
suggested).

Hint: Use the Deflection command on the Sketch Tool context menu (you get this
menu by right-clicking away from the current sketch) to specify that you want the
next segment to be 90 degrees from the previous segment. Then use the Length
command on the Sketch Tool context menu to specify that you want a length of 30

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

Using the same method as above, add the east boundary of the parcel perpendicular
to the last segment (any length you want; 28 is suggested).

Right-click and click Finish Sketch.

Next, add another parcel. This parcel needs to be aligned with the west boundary of
the parcel you just created and with the south border of the existing parcel. When
finished, it should resemble the parcel below.

New parcel

To create a starting point for the parcel, you will find the intersection of two lines.

In the Sketch Tool dropdown, click the Intersection Tool button .

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

Hold your pointer over the west boundary of the parcel you just created.

Point on
this boundary

First
intersection line

Click to select the first line segment.

Hold your pointer over the south boundary of the existing parcels.

Intersection
point

Second Point on
intersection line this boundary

Click to select your second segment. You should see one red vertex on the screen.
This is your intersection point.

Next, define the ending vertex for the first segment by specifying an explicit X,Y
coordinate location.

Click the Sketch tool .

Move the pointer away from the first point and right-click.

Click Absolute X, Y.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

For X value, type 483324 and click Tab.

For Y value, type 3765545 and press Enter

You can also define the ending vertex for a segment by specifying a change in the X
and Y directions relative to the last vertex.

Move the pointer away from the last point and right-click.

Click Delta X, Y.

For the X value, type 35 and click Tab.

For the Y value, type 5 and press Enter

Finally, add the last segment and finish the sketch.

Add the last segment perpendicular to the previous segment (any length you want;
34 is suggested).

Right-click and click Finish Sketch.

In this exercise you learned to set the snapping options for editing. You created a
feature using the Sketch tool and used some of the sketch options: Parallel,
Perpendicular, Absolute XY, Delta X,Y, Length, and Deflection. You also used the
Distance-Distance and Intersection tools, which work with the Sketch tool, to create
new features.

You will now save your edits and exit ArcMap unless you want to continue on with the
challenge step.

From the Editor menu, click Save Edits.

From the Editor menu, click Stop Editing.

Close ArcMap.

CHALLENGE: USE THE SKETCH TOOL TO RESHAPE AND EXTEND FEATURES

The Sketch tool can do much more then just create new features. In this step you will
use the Sketch tool to reshape and extend existing features.

Change snapping so only Edge snapping for the Lines layer is on.

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

Click the Edit tool.

Select the main waterline along the through street.

Select this line

For Task, click Reshape Feature.

For Target, click Lines.

Click the Sketch tool.

You will now add the first point at the top of the water main.

Place your pointer at the northernmost point of the water main, right-click, click
Snap To Feature > Endpoint.

Right-click here

Now add a second vertex to create a 25-meter segment.

Move the pointer away from the first vertex along the main.

Because you have set snapping to the Edge of the Line layer, your pointer will snap
along that line.

Right click and click Length to specify the distance.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

For Length, type 25 and press Enter

Move the pointer along the existing line until you are constrained to 25 meters. The
pointer should be snapped to the edge of the line. Click to add a vertex.

Next, deflect a portion of the line in order to reshape it.

Move to the east of the last vertex and right-click.

Click Deflection.

Type 45 and press Enter

Next, enter a length for the deflected segment.

Right click and click Length to specify the distance.

Type 15 and press Enter

Now add a segment parallel to the existing waterline.

Hold your pointer over the existing waterline, right-click and select Parallel.

Right click and click Length to specify the distance.

Type 84 and press Enter

Now deflect the next segment so it crosses back over the waterline.

Move your pointer to the west of the last vertex, across the existing water line (as
shown above).

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Edit features with the Editor toolbar

Right click and click Deflection to specify the angle.

Type -45 and press Enter

Double-click the west side of the waterline to finish reshaping the sketch.The
waterline should be reshaped based on the new vertices and measurements.

Because the waterline on the through street was reshaped, the subdivision waterline is
no longer connected to main waterline. Next, you will extend the waterline for the
subdivision to the reshaped waterline.

Click the Edit tool.

Click the subdivision waterline that you added in Step 2, marked 1 in the figure
above.

For Task, click Extend/Trim Features.

Click the Sketch tool.

Now you will create a sketch from the existing water main on the through street. The
subdivision water main will be extended to the sketch.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Editing data

Right-click on the water main on the through street (the street running north-south),
and click Replace Sketch.

Right-click, and click Finish Sketch.

The subdivision waterline is extended to the sketch.

The Extend/Trim Feature task can also be used to trim a feature. If the sketch
intersects the feature, the feature will be trimmed instead of extended. The portion of
the feature that is trimmed depends on the direction of the sketch. Portions on the right
side of the sketch (based on the direction of the sketch) are trimmed. To determine the
right side, imagine you are riding a bicycle along the sketch in the direction the
vertices were added. If you look to your right, you see the right side of the sketch.

From the Editor menu, click Save Edits.

From the Editor menu, click Stop Editing.

Close ArcMap without saving your map.

EXERCISE END

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Edit attribute data

EXERCISE 7B: EDIT ATTRIBUTE DATA

In this exercise you will add a LandValue field to the SubdivisionParcels attribute
table, then calculate the values for that field in one operation using the Field
Calculator. You'll determine the value using an expression that calculates the value
based on a cost per square meter. Then you will select several parcels to update their
LANDUSE attribute values individually using the Attribute editor.

STEP 1: ADD AN ATTRIBUTE FIELD

In this step, you will add a LandValue field to the SubdisvisionParcels’ attribute table,
and later you will populate its values using the Field Calculator.

If necessary, close ArcMap as you are about to change the schema of an attribute
table in ArcCatalog.

Start ArcCatalog, if necessary, and navigate to C:\Student\igis1\Subdivision.mdb.

Right-click on the SubdivisionParcels feature class and click Properties.

On the Feature Class Properties dialog, click the Fields tab.

Click the row underneath the Shape_Area field and type LandValue for the Field
Name.

For Data Type, click Double.

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Make sure that the Allow NULL values field property is set to Yes.

Click OK.

Now preview the table for the SubdivisionParcels feature class. You should notice
the new LandValue field exists on the table.

Next, you will use ArcMap to add values for this field.

STEP 2: START ARCMAP AND LOAD THE DATA

In this step you will add the SubdivisionParcels feature class to a new map document.

Start ArcMap using A new empty map.

In ArcCatalog, navigate to the SubdivisionParcels feature class from the

Subdivision personal geodatabase and drag it to your new map.

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Edit attribute data

In ArcMap, right-click on the SubdivisionParcels layer and click Open Attribute

Table.

Notice that both LANDUSE and LandValue fields have no values. You will first
populate, in one operation, the LandValue field using the Field Calculator. Later you
will learn a different method, where you will populate the LANDUSE field by
individually updating the attribute values using the Attributes editor on the Editor
toolbar.

STEP 3: OPEN THE FIELD CALCULATOR

In this step you will use the Field Calculator to populate the LandValue field in the
SubdivisionParcels layer.

If necessary, clear all the selected records by clicking on the Options button > Clear
Selection.

Notice the LandValue field has <Null> value for all the parcels. You will populate this
field with values in the next step. First, you will start an edit session.

On the Editor toolbar, click Editor > Start Editing.

In the Attributes of SubdivisionParcels table, right-click on the LandValue field and

click Calculate Values.

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The Field Calculator displays.

STEP 4: CREATE AN EXPRESSION

The value of each parcel is based on its size and is calculated at fifty dollars per square
meter. To calculate the value of each parcel, you will multiply the area of each parcel
by 50. The area of each parcel is contained in the Shape_Area field.

In the Fields scrolling list, click on Shape_Area.

The field is added to the expression box.

Click the Multiply button (*) to the right of the expression box.

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Edit attribute data

Click in the expression box, add a space, and type 50

Click OK to update the LandValue field.

ArcMap calculates the new values for each record in the LandValue field and updates
the attribute table.

Close the Attributes of SubdivisionParcels table.

Click Editor > Save Edits.

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In this step you used the Field Calculator to calculate all the values of the LandValue
field in one operation. Next, you will experiment with a different method of
individually updating attribute values.

STEP 5: SELECT SEVERAL PARCELS

In this step you will use the Attributes editor on the Editor toolbar to populate the
values for the LANDUSE field in the SubdivisionParcels layer. First, you'll select the
parcels whose attributes you want to examine.

Click the Edit button .

Hold down the Shift key and click on the three parcels in the top left (marked with
* in the figure below) to select them.

*
*
*

STEP 6: VIEW THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE SELECTED PARCEL

Next, you will open the Attributes editor for individually updating the LANDUSE
field values.

On the Editor toolbar, click the Attributes button .

The Attributes editor opens.

Layer name
Selected Attribute
features values

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Edit attribute data

The Attributes editor displays the attributes of the selected parcels. Clicking on an
attribute's number in the left panel updates the panel on the right with that parcel's
attributes.

STEP 7: EXAMINE THE ATTRIBUTE VALUES

In this step you will examine the attribute values.

Click on one of the features in the left panel of the Attributes editor.

Notice that the feature flashes in the display. Examine its attributes.

Click on another feature in the Attributes editor.

Notice that all the LANDUSE values of the selected parcels are blank. You will add
these values in the next step.

STEP 8: ASSIGN A LANDUSE CODE TO A PARCEL

In this step you will populate the LANDUSE field with land use codes for these three
selected parcels.

In the left panel of the Attributes editor, click on parcel number 2.

In the Attributes editor, click

in the cell under the Value
column for the LANDUSE
property, type RES (for
residential), and press Enter

The LANDUSE field is updated

with the value you typed. The
primary display field, shown in the left panel updates with the value you typed as well.

STEP 9: COPY AND PASTE ATTRIBUTES

You can also copy and paste attribute values from one feature to another.

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Right-click on parcel number 2 in the left panel and click Copy.

Right-click on a different parcel and click Paste.

STEP 10: ASSIGN ATTRIBUTES TO ALL SELECTED FEATURES

At times you may want to assign the same attribute value to several selected parcels in
one operation using the Attributes editor.

Click SubdivisionParcels in the left pane of the Attributes editor.

Click

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Edit attribute data

Look under Property for LANDUSE, and under Value, type RES and press Enter

All selected parcels are updated with a value of RES for LANDUSE.

Confirm that all features have a LANDUSE value of RES by clicking on each of
them in the Attributes editor.

Close the Attributes editor.

STEP 11: SAVE EDITS AND EXIT ARCMAP

Click Editor > Save Edits.

Click Editor > Stop Editing.

Exit ArcMap without saving the map document.

In this exercise you learned two methods of updating the attributes of a field in your
feature class: one using the Field Calculator and the other using the Attributes editor.

EXERCISE END

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 Working with
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

georeferenced data
Work with map scale and
projections
Recognize and set map scale
Examine how a map’s projection
contents
8-1
8-1

can affect distance 8-2

Observe how a map’s projection
can affect shape 8-4
Examine the Redlands data 8-5
Project a shapefile 8-6
Work with map scale and projections

EXERCISE 8: WORK WITH MAP SCALE AND PROJECTIONS

This exercise demonstrates how different projections can affect your data—
specifically by distorting the distortions on shape, area, distance, and direction. You
will also examine the projection properties of some of the data in the class database
and use the projection tools in ArcToolbox to project a shapefile.

STEP 1: RECOGNIZE AND SET MAP SCALE

First, start ArcMap (if necessary), open an existing map document, and add the layers
you will need in this exercise.

Start ArcMap and click to open An existing map, then click OK.

Navigate to the C:\Student\igis1\Map_documents folder.

Double-click ex_projections.mxd to open it.

Selected city and world country features are drawn in ArcMap at

a scale so they will fit in the ArcMap display area. The scale is
displayed on the Standard toolbar. Your scale may differ from the
one shown here depending on the size of your ArcMap application window.

The scale display tells you that one unit on the map (e.g., meters, feet, miles) is equal
to, in this map's example, 224,845,815 of the same units on the ground.

Next, change the map scale by zooming in on the data.

Click the Zoom In tool.

Click and drag a box around Australia.

Notice that the current scale becomes larger as you zoom in, and that the amount of
detail in the map becomes more apparent with the enlarged scale.

Click the Full Extent button.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with georeferenced data

You can also see coordinate locations in the status bar of ArcMap. Coordinate
locations are shown on the right-hand side of the status bar. The numbers represent
map units (i.e., the coordinates in which your data is stored or into which it is
projected). The world’s countries and selected cities are displayed using the Plate
Carree world projection, which uses meters as the linear unit; therefore, the
coordinates are displayed in meters.

NOTE: To confirm the projection is World_Plate_Carree, right-click on the

Layers data frame > Properties > Coordinate System tab.
NOTE: If your coordinates in the status bar display are in units other than
meters, you can set it to display in meters. Right-click on the Layers data
frame > Properties > General tab. For Units Display, select Meters.

Move your mouse around the display area and notice that the coordinates change.

STEP 2: EXAMINE HOW A MAP’S PROJECTION CAN AFFECT DISTANCE

Projecting spatial data generally results in the distortion of at least one of the spatial
properties of shape, area, distance, and direction. To demonstrate how projections can
distort spatial properties, such as distance, you will measure the distance between two
African cities (Tunis, Tunisia, and Cape Town, South Africa) using two different
projections. First, you will need to zoom in to the area of interest.

Click the Zoom In button.

Click and drag a box around Africa.

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Work with map scale and projections

The selected city labels are already added to the display. The display should resemble
the following.

Click the Measure tool.

Click Tunis, then double-click Cape Town to measure the distance between the two
cities.

The distance displays on the left-hand side of the status bar. Your result should be
around 8,000 kilometers (1 kilometer = 1,000 meters). Don’t worry if your result is
slightly different. Now you will change the projection and measure the distance again.

In the Table of Contents, right-click the Layers data frame, then click Properties.

Click the Coordinate System tab.

For Select a coordinate system, click the Predefined folder to expand it.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with georeferenced data

Click the Projected Coordinate Systems folder to expand it.

Click the World folder.

Click Behrmann (world).

Click Apply.

If you get a Warning dialog, click Yes to continue.

Click the General tab.

For Display units, click Kilometers.

Click OK.

If you get a Warning dialog, click Yes to continue.

Remeasure the distance between Tunis and Cape Town.

The new distance should be around 8,500 km, a difference of 500 km. If you were
flying a plane between these two cities, how important do you think it would be to
choose the right projection for your map?

STEP 3: OBSERVE HOW A MAP’S PROJECTION CAN AFFECT SHAPE

In this step you will see how shape changes when the projection changes. To see the
shape changes clearly, you will project a layer that contains circular smiling faces. The
circular shapes make it easy to see the distortion. Begin by setting the projection back
to Plate Carree.

In the Table of Contents, uncheck the Selected cities layer to turn it off.

Click the Full Extent button to return to the full extent of all the layers

Right-click the Layers data frame and click Properties.

Click the Coordinate System tab.

For Select a coordinate system, click the Predefined folder.

Click the Projected Coordinate Systems folder.

Click the World folder.

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Work with map scale and projections

Click Plate Carree (world).

Click OK.

If you get a Warning dialog, click Yes to continue.

Next, add the circular smiling faces to your map.

In the Table of Contents, check the box to display the Circles layer.

Now change projections and examine the distortion of the circles.

Double-click on the Layers data frame to open the Data Frame Properties dialog.

NOTE: This is another way to open this dialog.

Click the Coordinate System tab.

For Select a coordinate system, click the Predefined folder.

Click the Projected Coordinate Systems folder.

Click the World folder.

Click Miller Cylindrical (world).

Click OK.

If you get a Warning dialog, click Yes to continue.

Notice that the faces along the equator seem to be less distorted than the ones to the
north and south. Try a couple more projections to see how they distort the shapes of
the faces. Mollweide (world) and Equidistant Conic (world) give some interesting
results. You can also try measuring distances to see if shape and distance are distorted
in the same projection. As you experiment, observe where distortion is minimized and
where it increases for each projection. Also, try to imagine what applications each
particular projection might be appropriate for.

When finished, exit ArcMap without saving your changes.

STEP 4: EXAMINE THE REDLANDS DATA

Start ArcCatalog.

Navigate to the C:\Student\igis1\Redlands folder.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with georeferenced data

Click mastercov and preview its geography.

The mastercov coverage stores the boundary polygon of the city of Redlands in a
suitable projection chosen for our class database. The projection information can be
viewed in the metadata.

Click on the Metadata tab to activate the Metadata view.

Click on the Spatial tab.

Click on Details to expand the horizontal coordinate system information and

examine the information displayed for the mastercov.

Question 1: What projection is used for storing the mastercov coordinates? _____
_________________________________________________________________

Question 2: What are the planar distance units (the measurement units)? ________

Question 3: Which datum is used to reference this data? ____________________

The Universal Transverse Mercator, or UTM, projection divides the globe into sixty
zones, each spanning six degrees of longitude. Each zone has its own central meridian.
Redlands falls right in the middle of Zone 11 North. UTM was chosen as the standard
projection for the Redlands data used in this class.

STEP 5: PROJECT A SHAPEFILE

While ArcMap is able to project data on the fly to match the coordinate system chosen
for viewing layers in a data frame, it will sometimes be necessary to physically project
data to a new coordinate system. Perhaps you received data from another agency that
uses a different coordinate system than your organization. You want to project the new
data to match your existing data before incorporating it into your database. Many of
the spatial analysis techniques in ArcGIS require that data in different layers have the
same coordinate system.

The censusBlk shapefile in the Redlands folder was converted from a Census TIGER
file. Data from the US Census Bureau is stored and distributed in geographic
coordinates.

Click on censusBlk and view its Spatial properties in the Metadata. Notice that the
censusBlk shapefile only has geographic coordinate parameters.

Question 4: Which datum is used to reference the censusBlk shapefile?_________

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Work with map scale and projections

Question 5: What are the geographic coordinate units? ______________________

Latitude/Longitude is a good system for storing spatial data, but it is not very good for
viewing, querying, or analyzing maps. Remember, degrees of latitude and longitude
are not consistent units for measuring area, shape, distance, and direction.

Next, you will use the Projection Wizard in ArcToolbox to project this data to match
the rest of the Redlands data.

Launch ArcToolbox.

Double-click on Data Management Tools to expand its contents.

Double-click Projections to expand its contents.

Double-click the Project Wizard (shapefiles, geodatabase) to launch the wizard.

NOTE: The ArcToolbox application has more tools in ArcEditor and

ArcInfo.

To choose the data you want to project, click the Browse button. Navigate to, and
add, the censusBlk shapefile in the Redlands folder.

Click OK on the warning window.

Click Next.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with georeferenced data

For Select the coordinate system you want to assign the data, click Select
Coordinate System.

The Projection tool allows you to match the coordinate system information of existing
data through the Import option.

Click Import.

From the Redlands folder, add mastercov.

The coordinate system information fills in on the Spatial Reference Properties dialog.

NOTE: This dialog is different for ArcEditor and ArcInfo.

Click OK.

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Work with map scale and projections

Click Next.

Click Finish.

In ArcCatalog, check the Metadata for the new censusBlk_UTM shapefile to see the
changed projection information. You may need to refresh the ArcCatalog display to
see the new shapefile.

In ArcCatalog, click on the Redlands folder, and press the F5 key to refresh the
display.

Click on censusBlk, and view the Spatial properties in the Metadata.

You have successfully projected the shapefile from a geographic coordinate system to
a UTM projected coordinate system.

Exit ArcToolbox and ArcCatalog.

EXERCISE END

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Working with georeferenced data

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 8 QUESTIONS

Question 1: What projection is used for storing the mastercov coordinates?
Answer: Universal Transverse Mercator

Question 2: What are the planar distance units (the measurement units)?
Answer: meters

Question 3: Which datum is used to reference this data?

Answer: North America Datum 1983 (NAD83)

Question 4: Which datum is used to reference the censusBlk shapefile?

Answer: North America Datum 1983 (NAD83)

Question 5: What are the geographic coordinate units?

Answer: decimal degrees

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 Presenting data
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

Create a map 9-1

Start ArcMap and open an
existing map
Add a legend
contents
9-1
9-2
Add a scale bar 9-4
Add a north arrow 9-8
Add a title and other textual
information 9-8
Add a border and a background
shade to your map 9-9
Maintain visual balance 9-10
Add your map layout to another
document (optional) 9-10
Challenge: Add contrast to your
map 9-11
Challenge: Add a reference grid
to your map 9-11
Save your map document and
exit ArcMap 9-14
Create a map

EXERCISE 9: CREATE A MAP

A local insurance agency needs to formalize insurance premium guidelines for
buildings that are in the Maplewood flood zone. You will create a map of all the
buildings in the flood zone and add it to your report.

STEP 1: START ARCMAP AND OPEN AN EXISTING MAP

Start ArcMap.

Select Start using ArcMap with an existing map.

Click OK.

In the Open window, navigate to C:\Student\igis1\Maplewood.

Double-click ex_layout.mxd.

The ArcMap interface shows the ex_layout.mxd file, which you saved in Exercise 3. It
is in Layout view.

If you did not successfully finish Exercise 3, or if you did not save the Exercise 3 map
document as instructed, you can open an existing map document called ex_layout.mxd
from the ..\Results\Ex03 folder that comes on the CD-ROM for this course.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Presenting data

When you finished Exercise 3, you had a layout with one data frame on it. Your map
was in landscape format, but it had no other map elements.

In this exercise you will add map elements to the map to make it more useful. Map
elements include a legend, a north arrow, a map title, a scale bar, dates for the data and
map, the name of the author, other textual disclosures or pertinent information, and
perhaps an inset map. The tools for creating the main map elements are located on the
Insert menu of the ArcMap application. Use the map on the previous page as a guide
when placing your map elements. Move and resize map elements with the Select
Elements tool, and right-click any map element to change its properties.

Select Elements

NOTE: This exercise is about how you add the different map elements and
manipulate their characteristics. This does not imply, however, that you
should have all these elements in every map you make. The map objectives
and individual map specifications at your organization, or that is supplied by
your client, will dictate what map elements are important to include in each
map.

STEP 2: ADD A LEGEND

A legend is the key to your map. In ArcMap you can easily create a legend and
enhance its look. However, before you display the legend, you will change some text
in the Table of Contents, because whatever is present in the Table of Contents will
later display in the map’s legend when you add it there.

In the Table of Contents, notice that the heading of the Buildings legend inherits the
name of the field VALUE used in the classification procedure. You will change this
heading so the reader can better understand what it means.

In the Table of Contents, click the VALUE heading to highlight it.

Click the VALUE heading again to start editing.

Type Property value, $ and press Enter

You will now display the legend on your map.

On the main ArcMap menu, click Insert > Legend.

The Legend Wizard appears.

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Create a map

Accept all of the defaults, and click Next until you reach the end of the wizard.

Click Finish.

By default, all new elements are added around the center of the map. You will move
the legend to a better location.

Drag and drop the frame to where you want the legend to appear on your map, and
zoom in on the legend.

Notice that the legend appears with a default heading Legend. You will delete this
word, as it is obvious what this map element is. Also, you are using the image photo as
a mere background in the map, so there is no need to have details of that image photo
in the legend. You will fix this as well. First, you will remove the Legend heading.

Verify that the legend is the selected element on your layout page. It should have a
blue dashed line with blue selection handles surrounding it. If not, click on the
legend to select it.

In the layout display area, right-click the displayed legend, and click Properties.

In the Legend Properties window, make sure the Legend tab is active.

Under Title, uncheck the Show check box.

The title will be removed from the displayed legend when you click Apply.

Next, you will remove the information about the image photo from the displayed
legend.

Click the Items tab.

Under the Legend Items list, click the Photo image of area.

Click the left arrow to transfer the Photo image of area to the Map Layers list. This
will remove the details about the photo image from the legend.

Click Apply.

Move the Legend Properties window aside to see the change on the map.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Presenting data

The legend now appears showing the desired information only..

NOTE: If the layer’s name, Buildings, appear in the legend, you can
eleiminate it in two different methods, either: (1) right-click on the legend,
click Convert to Graphics, select the name and delete it, or (2) double-click
on the layer in the TOC, and on the General tab of the Layer Properties dialog,
erase the name from the Layer Name box and click Apply (make sure you
type the name of the layer in the TOC after you print your map)

If time permits, explore the legend enhancement options under the different tabs in this
menu. Especially notice the four Map Connection check boxes and the Style button
under the Items tab.

These are on the wish list of any cartographer. As for this exercise, what you have
done for the legend is enough.

Click OK.

STEP 3: ADD A SCALE BAR

If the map is expected to be used for measuring distance on, a scale bar would be
important to add on the map. Some maps may not need a scale bar, (e.g., a population
density map of the USA). Scale may not be correct everywhere on your map because
of the type of projection used. A clear statement must be added to the map to warn the
reader that the scale is not uniform throughout the map. Next, you will add a simple
scale bar.

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Create a map

Zoom out so you can see your entire layout (use the Zoom Whole Page button on the
Layout toolbar).

Click Insert > Scale Bar.

In the Scale Bar Selector window, click Scale Line 1.

Click OK to accept the defaults, because you want to see how it looks before you
decide on the changes you will make to its properties.

The scale bar appears around the center of ArcMap’s graphic panel by default.

Click and drag the frame where you want the scale bar to appear on your map
(preferably at the bottom; see the map on the first page of this exercise).

Notice that the scale bar appears with default properties. You may need to change
some of these properties. First, you will change the Scale and Units properties.

Right-click the scale bar and click Properties.

NOTE: Double-clicking on the scale bar will also result in the same effect.

In the Scale Line Properties window, make sure the Scale and Units tab is active.

Generally, the length of the scale bar should not exceed one third of the width of the
map body. You can either add more intervals to a scale bar or increase the size of the
interval. You will do the latter.

On the Scale and Units tab, from the When resizing dropdown list, click Adjust
width.

For Division value, enter 200

Confirm or enter 2 for the Number of divisions.

For Number of subdivisions, enter 5

Check the Show one division before zero check box.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Presenting data

Keep the defaults for the rest of the properties.

Click the Apply button to see how the scale bar looks.

Notice that the 100 feet subdivision label on the left division appears to be redundant,
because there are five subdivisions, none of which are for the 100 feet mark.

Next, you will change the Numbers and Marks properties.

In the Scale Line Properties dialog, click the Numbers and Marks tab.

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Create a map

On the Numbers and Marks tab, change the properties of the scale bar to match the
graphic below.

Click the Apply button to see how the scale bar looks thus far.

The scale bar should be correct this time. It should resemble what is shown below.

NOTE: The example above uses a boldfaced font and a thicker bar line. No
instructions were given here on how this was done. You can change the
properties of the scale bar lines and labels when you pick the Format tab on
the Scale Line Properties dialog.

Click OK to close the Scale Line Properties dialog.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Presenting data

STEP 4: ADD A NORTH ARROW

The north arrow gives the reader information about the orientation of the map. North
arrows are not always desirable on maps. In fact, the appearance of a north arrow
symbol on the map can be misleading; the north arrow may not point in the correct
direction for the entire map area. Depending on the projection, the north arrow may be
correct only along certain lines. The cartographer’s duty is to clearly disclose this issue
to the map reader in some form of textual information.

Next, you will add a north arrow symbol to your map.

Click Insert > North Arrow.

Choose ESRI North 6.

Click OK.

The north arrow appears at a default location on the map, where you may want to
change.

Click the north arrow frame and drag it to where you want it to appear on your map,
keeping in the mind the visual balance property of your map.

Right-click the north arrow, and click Properties.

In the North Arrow Properties dialog, click the North Arrow tab.

For Size, type 50

Click Apply, and observe the change.

Click OK.

STEP 5: ADD A TITLE AND OTHER TEXTUAL INFORMATION

The title of the map attracts people to the contents of the map. Now you will add a map
title. First, you will select the text characteristics.

On the Draw
toolbar located at
the bottom of the ArcMap window, choose 36 for the font size.

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Create a map

Click the B button to get a boldface font.

New Text Bold Font Color

Click the arrow next to the A button to change the font color to a bright magenta
shade.

Now you are ready to add the map title.

Click the New Text button.

Use the pointer (it appears as a cross with the letter A at its lower right), and click a
position on the page. A box will appear with the word Text highlighted.

Replace the word Text by typing Maplewood Flooded Buildings and press Enter

The title will appear in magenta. You may want to move the title to a better location.

The magenta title may fall both on the white background (good contrast) and the black
and white image (bad contrast). To reduce the darkness of the image, one of two things
can be done: (1) Apply a Transparency, say 20 percent, to the Photo image of area
layer by visiting its Properties dialog, or (2) add a yellow or white halo around the text
by double-clicking the title to bring up the Text Properties window. See the first
Challenge step on page 9-11 for hints on this challenge.

Similarly, you can add other textual information such as your name, the date of the
data, the date you created the map, projection information, disclosures, sources of your
data, and other pertinent information. Do not overcrowd your map with lengthy
paragraphs of text. Remember, this is a map, not a textbook.

STEP 6: ADD A BORDER AND A BACKGROUND SHADE TO YOUR MAP

A border around your map contents will enhance your map’s visual balance. A
background shade is useful whenever you have a skewed dark image on your map that
makes the remaining white background area look empty or creates an unnecessarily
high contrast.

First, you will add a border to your map.

In the Table of Contents, right-click the Layers data frame, and click Properties.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Presenting data

In the Data Frame Properties window, click the Frame tab.

For Border, click the dropdown arrow to choose a style.

From the choices, click the Triple, Ctr-W border.

Next, you will add a background shade to your map.

For Background, click the dropdown arrow, then click Yellow.

Click Apply.

Click OK to close the Data Frame Properties dialog.

If you want a reference grid on the map, you may not need a map border; the grid will
furnish one. See the second Challenge step on page 9-11 for hints on adding a
reference grid to your map.

STEP 7: MAINTAIN VISUAL BALANCE

After all the necessary map elements are inserted in your map, some map elements
may need to be brought up to a higher visual level, and others may have to be moved
around in order to achieve good visual balance for your map. No explicit instructions
are given here. If you have time and want to balance your map visually, consult your
instructor on some time-saving tricks and tips.

STEP 8: ADD YOUR MAP LAYOUT TO ANOTHER DOCUMENT (OPTIONAL)

Maps can be previewed, printed, exported, or added to any other OLE-compliant

document. You will add your map to a Microsoft Word document if the application is
available on your machine. First, create an export file containing your map, then
import the file into Microsoft Word.

Export your map to an output file in BMP format.

On the main ArcMap menu, click File > Export Map.

For Save in, navigate to the Maplewood folder.

For Save as type, click BMP (*.bmp)—a Windows Bitmap format.

For File name, type flood

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Create a map

Click Export.

Start Microsoft Word.

Now insert the BMP file into the Microsoft Word document.

In Word, click Insert > Picture > From File to display the Insert Picture menu.

For Files of type, click Windows Bitmap (*.bmp, *.dib, *.rle, *.bmz).

For Look in, navigate to where you saved the bitmap file (i.e., the Maplewood
folder).

Click flood.bmp and click Insert.

If your map does not fit well, or if there are other problems, experiment with resizing
the layout page and map elements in ArcMap.

Save your Microsoft Word document as Floodmap.doc. You may want to use this
document as a report to submit to the insurance agency, which requires a map.

Exit Microsoft Word.

CHALLENGE: ADD CONTRAST TO YOUR MAP

The Maplewood Flooded Buildings map title appears in magenta, partly on a light
background and partly on the gray image background. The part that is on the gray
image may not appear in a suitable contrast. You can either select a legible text color
with enough contrast on both backgrounds, or you can add a halo with a brighter color
around the text so it is more legible on the image background. Consult your instructor
for clues.

Hint: Double-click the title to get the Properties dialog. Click Change Symbol. On
the Symbol Selector dialog click Properties. On the Editor dialog, select the Mask
tab. See the map on the first page of this exercise.

CHALLENGE: ADD A REFERENCE GRID TO YOUR MAP

You can also add a reference grid. This is a more involved process, so explicit steps are
given.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Presenting data

Your map is of a small area, so adding lines of latitude and longitude (known as
graticules) may not be practical. Instead, you may want to divide your area into
uniform blocks, known as an index grid, to make it easier to use. This is similar to
what you see in city maps, where the map index shows the street names referenced by
the block (of that grid) where the street lies. Next, you will add an index grid to your
map.

In the Table of Contents, right-click the Layers data frame (at the very top of the
Table of Contents) and click Properties.

First, you will change the data frame name to a more meaningful name related to your
project. Renaming the data frame is more important if you want to add two or more
data frames to your map (perhaps an index map and two inset maps). It would then be
more practical to distinguish between the data frames by name.

In the Data Frame Properties dialog, click the General tab.

For Name, highlight the existing name and type Maplewood

Next, you will choose the type of reference grid that you want to add to your map.

Click the Grids tab, and click New Grid.

In the first panel of the Grids and Graticules Wizard, for Which do you want to
create?, click Reference Grid.

Click Next.

On the Create a reference grid panel, under Appearance, confirm that Grid and
index tabs is chosen.

For Intervals, confirm that your grid will be divided into five rows and five columns.

Next, you will change the properties of these grid lines.

Click the Line style button.

In the Symbol Selector dialog, for Options, click the Color button.

On the color palette, choose a dark blue color (Delft Blue; ninth column, fifth row)
for the grid lines.

NOTE: Remember this color; you will use it for the grid border, too.

On the Symbol Selector dialog, click OK.

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Create a map

Click Next on the wizard panel.

Now you will design the grid tabs.

On the Create a reference grid panel, under Tab Style, click Rounded Tabs from the
Tab type dropdown list.

Click Next on the wizard panel

On the next Create a reference grid panel, check the Place a border between grid
and axis labels check box.

Click the button with the line symbol on it, directly beneath the check box you just
checked.

On the Symbol Selector dialog, click the Color button.

On the color palette, choose a dark blue color (Delft Blue) for the border.

On the Symbol Selector dialog, click OK.

On the Create a reference grid panel, click Finish.

On the Data Frame Properties dialog, click OK.

If necessary, zoom to the Full Extent of your map layout.

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) Presenting data

The reference grid you created is now displayed on the map.

Notice that your legend and scale bar are both cut by the grid lines. Further graphic
manipulations may be required to enhance this situation.

STEP 9: SAVE YOUR MAP DOCUMENT AND EXIT ARCMAP

Save your map document.

On the main ArcMap menu, click File > Save.

Next, exit ArcMap.

Click File > Exit.

In this exercise you created a complete map in ArcMap and added it to another
document. You learned how to add text, a north arrow, a legend, a scale bar, and a
border to your map.

EXERCISE END

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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

ESRI data license

Browsing data

agreement
Important note 1
ESRI data license agreement contents
1
 IMPORTANT—READ CAREFULLY
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Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) ESRI data license agreement

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A-2 Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI

 CAN OR WILL BE CORRECTED. THE TRAINING DATABASE HAS BEEN
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Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI A-3

Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) ESRI data license agreement

and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired
thereby.
Governing Law: This Agreement, entered into in the County of San Bernardino, shall
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A-4 Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI

I N D E X
A balance formats, exploring spatial 5-1
adding visual, maintaining 9-10 loading 7-1, 7-25
background shade 9-9 borders spatial, classifying 3-6
borders 9-9 adding 9-9 spatial, symbolizing 3-6
features using sketch options database
C
7-12 class, installing 1-1
CAD
images to ArcMap 3-2 installing class 1-1
data sources, exploring 5-13
layers 3-1, 3-4 databases
calculating
legends 9-2 GIS, querying 4-1
statistics for selections 4-11
map layouts to other documents deleting
Calculator
9-10 features 7-6
Field, opening 7-27
map tips 4-2 vertices 7-5
changing
North Arrows 9-8 descriptive information
graph types 6-18
reports to layouts 6-28 associating with layers 2-4
layer names 3-5
scale bars 9-4 display properties
class database
textual information 9-8 setting 6-24
installing 1-1
titles 9-8 displaying
classifying
vertices 7-6 data 3-1
spatial data 3-6
angles report properties 6-22
concepts
rotation, specifying 7-4 distance
GIS, exploring 2-1
appearances map projections affecting 8-2
conditions
of joined tables, modifying 6-7 documents
selecting geographic features
ArcCatalog adding map layouts to 9-10
based on 2-6
starting 3-1 map, opening 6-17
connections
ArcMap map, opening existing 4-1
folder, creating new 5-1
Adding images to 3-2 map, saving 3-12
Contents view
reporting in 6-17
working with 5-2 E
starting 2-1
converting edit sessions
assigning
shapefiles to geodatabases 5-15 starting 7-1
attributes to a selected feature
copying editing
7-31
attributes 7-31 attribute data 7-25
attributes to all selected features
coverages features with Editor toolbar 7-1
7-32
exploring 5-7 Editor toolbar
associating
creating editing features with 7-1
descriptive information with
expressions 7-28 opening 7-1
layers 2-4
features using Sketch tool 7-7 edits
attribute
graphs 6-17, 6-19 saving 7-33
data, editing 7-25
layer files 3-10 embedding
selections, exploring 4-14
map layouts using layout view graphs in reports 6-27
tables, viewing 6-2
3-10 examining
values, examining 7-31
maps 9-1 attribute values 7-31
attributes
new folder connections 5-1 feature layers 2-1
assigning to all selected features
relates 6-6 field properties 6-3
7-32
selection layers 4-12 geodatabase tables 6-4
copying 7-31
one-to-many relationships 6-4
pasting 7-31 D
related tables 6-10
data
B selections in tables 4-10
attribute, editing 7-25
background shade existing
displaying 3-1
adding 9-9 map documents, opening 4-1

Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI i

Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

exploring folder connections joining

attribute selections 4-14 creating new 5-1 tables 6-1
CAD data sources 5-13 formats
L
coverages 5-7 spatial data, exploring 5-1
label
geodatabases 5-9
G features 3-8
GIS concepts 2-1
generating layer
INFO tables 6-1
reports 6-27 files, creating 3-10
metadata 5-8
geodatabase tables names, changing 3-5
raster datasets 5-15
examining 6-4 layers
shapefiles 5-5
geodatabases adding 3-1, 3-4
spatial data formats 5-1
converting shapefiles to 5-15 associating descriptive
spatial selections 4-12
exploring 5-9 information with 2-4
exporting
geographic features feature, examining 2-1
graphs 6-22
identifying relationships selection, creating 4-12
expressions
between 2-3 layout view
creating 7-28
selecting based on certain using to create map layouts 3-10
extending features
conditions 2-6 layouts
using the Sketch tool 7-20
GIS adding reports to 6-28
F concepts, exploring 2-1 map, adding to other documents
feature layers databases, querying 4-1 9-10
examining 2-1 graph properties map, creating using layout view
features modifying 6-21 3-10
adding using sketch options opening 6-18 legends
7-12 setting 6-19 adding 9-2
assigning attributes to all graph types loading
selected 7-32 changing 6-18 data 7-1, 7-25
creating using Sketch tool 7-7 graphs
M
editing with Editor toolbar 7-1 creating 6-17, 6-19
maintaining
geographic, identifying embedding in reports 6-27
visual balance 9-10
relationships between 2-3 exporting 6-22
making
geographic, selecting based on
I selections 6-10
certain conditions 2-6
identifying spatial queries 4-7
identifying 4-3
features 2-5, 4-3 map
label 3-8
relationships between tips, adding 4-2
rotating 7-3
geographic features 2-3 map documents
specific, finding 4-4
images opening 6-17
specific, identifying 2-5
adding to ArcMap 3-2 opening existing 4-1
using Sketch tool to reshape and
INFO tables saving 3-12, 9-14
extend 7-20
exploring 6-1 map layouts
Field Calculator
information adding to other documents 9-10
opening 7-27
descriptive, associating with creating using layout view 3-10
field properties
layers 2-4 map projections
examining 6-3
installing affecting distance 8-2
fields
class database 1-1 affecting shape 8-4
specifying 6-22
map scale
files J
recognizing 8-1
layer, creating 3-10 joined tables
setting 3-11, 8-1
finding modifying appearances of 6-7
working with 8-1
specific features 4-4

ii Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI

 Index

maps 9-1 graph, opening 6-18 selection anchors

creating 9-1 graph, setting 6-19 moving 7-3
measurements report, displaying 6-22 selection layers
taking 4-6 creating 4-12
Q
metadata selections
queries
exploring 5-8 attribute, exploring 4-14
spatial, making 4-7
modifying calculating statistics for 4-11
querying
appearances of joined tables 6-7 in tables, examining 4-10
GIS databases 4-1
graph properties 6-21 making 6-10
moving R spatial, exploring 4-12
features 7-2 raster datasets sessions
selection anchors 7-3 exploring 5-15 edit, starting 7-1
vertices 7-4 related tables setting
examining 6-10 display properties 6-24
N
relating graph properties 6-19
names
tables 6-1 map scale 3-11, 8-1
layer, changing 3-5
relationships sorting options 6-23
new
between geographic features, summary options 6-23
folder connections, creating 5-1
identifying 2-3 shade
North Arrows
one-to-many, examining 6-4 adding background 9-9
adding 9-8
report properties shape
O displaying 6-22 map projections affecting 8-4
one-to-many relationships reporting shapefiles
examining 6-4 in ArcMap 6-17 converting to geodatabases 5-15
opening reports exploring 5-5
Editor toolbar 7-1 adding to layouts 6-28 polygon, adding layers for 3-4
existing map documents 4-1 embedding graphs in 6-27 projecting 8-6
Field Calculator 7-27 generating 6-27 sketch options
graph properties 6-18 reshaping features using to add features 7-12
options using the Sketch tool 7-20 Sketch tool
sorting, setting 6-23 rotating creating features using 7-7
summary, setting 6-23 features 7-3 using to reshape and extend
rotation angles features 7-20
P
specifying 7-4 sorting options
pasting
setting 6-23
attributes 7-31 S
sources
polygon saving
data, exploring CAD 5-13
layers, adding 3-1, 3-4 edits 7-33
spatial
Preview tab map documents 3-12
queries, making 4-7
working with 5-5 scale
selections, exploring 4-12
projecting map, setting 3-11
spatial data
shapefiles 8-6 scale bars
classifying 3-6
projections adding 9-4
formats, exploring 5-1
map, affecting distance 8-2 selected features
symbolizing 3-6
map, affecting shape 8-4 assigning attributes to all 7-32
specific features
working with 8-1 selecting
finding 4-4
properties features 7-2
identifying 2-5
display, setting 6-24 geographic features based on
specifying
field, examining 6-3 certain conditions 2-6
fields 6-22
graph, modifying 6-21 several features 7-30

Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI iii

Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8)

rotation angles 7-4 Sketch tool to reshape and

starting extend features 7-20
ArcCatalog 3-1
V
ArcMap 2-1
values
edit sessions 7-1
attribute, examining 7-31
statistics
vertices
calculating for selections 4-11
adding 7-6
summary options
deleting 7-5
setting 6-23
moving 7-4
symbolizing
view
spatial data 3-6
Contents, working with 5-2
T layout, using to create map
tab layouts 3-10
Preview, working with 5-5 viewing
tables attribute tables 6-2
attribute, viewing 6-2 attributes of selected parcels
examining selections in 4-10 7-30
geodatabase, examining 6-4 visual balance
INFO, exploring 6-1 maintaining 9-10
joined, modifying appearances
W
of 6-7
working
joining 6-1
with Contents view 5-2
related, examining 6-10
with map scale and projections
relating 6-1
8-1
textual information
with Preview tab 5-5
adding 9-8
tips
map, adding 4-2
titles
adding 9-8
tool, Sketch
creating features using 7-7
using to reshape and extend
features 7-20
toolbar, Editor
editing features with 7-1
opening 7-1
tools
sketch, using multiple 7-14
types
graph, changing 6-18
U
using
layout view to create map
layouts 3-10
sketch options to add features
7-12

iv Copyright © 2000–2003 ESRI