Statistical Symbols

Probability and statistics symbols table and definitions.

Probability and statistics symbols table

Meaning /
Symbol Symbol Name Example
definition
probability probability of event
P(A) function A
P(A) = 0.5
probability of
probability that of
P(A ∩ B) events
events A and B
P(A∩B) = 0.5
intersection
probability of probability that of
P(A ∪ B) events union events A or B
P(A ∪ B) = 0.5
conditional probability of event
P(A | B) probability A given event B P(A | B) = 0.3
function occured
probability
P(a ≤ x ≤ b) = ∫ f
f (x) density function
(x) dx
(pdf)
cumulative
F(x) distribution F(x) = P(X≤ x)
function (cdf)
population mean of population
μ mean values
μ = 10

expectation expected value of

E(X) random variable X
E(X) = 10
value

expected value of
conditional
E(X | Y) expectation
random variable X E(X | Y=2) = 5 MATH SYMBOLS
given Y
variance of random • Basic math symbols
var(X) variance
variable X
var(X) = 4
• Algebra symbols
variance of
σ2 variance
population values
σ2 = 4
• Geometry symbols
standard standard deviation • Statistical symbols
std(X) of random variable std(X) = 2
deviation X • Logic symbols

standard standard deviation • Set symbols

σX value of random σX = 2
• Calculus symbols
deviation variable X

middle value of • Number symbols

median
random variable x
• Greek symbols
covariance of
cov(X,Y) covariance random variables X cov(X,Y) = 4 • Roman numerals
and Y
correlation of RAPID TABLES
corr(X,Y) correlation random variables X corr(X,Y) = 0.6
and Y
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correlation of
ρX,Y correlation random variables X ρX,Y = 0.6 • Send Feedback
and Y
• About
summation - sum
∑ summation of all values in
range of series

double
∑∑ summation
double summation

value that occurs

Mo mode most frequently in
population

MR = (xmax +
MR mid-range
xmin) / 2
sample median half the population
Md is below this value
 Meaning /
Symbol Symbol Name Example
definition
25% of population
lower / first
Q1 quartile
are below this
value
50% of population
median / are below this
Q2 second quartile value = median of
samples
75% of population
upper / third
Q3 quartile
are below this
value
average /
x sample mean
arithmetic mean
x = (2+5+9) / 3 = 5.333
sample population samples
s2 variance variance estimator s2=4
sample population samples
s standard standard deviation s=2
deviation estimator

zx standard score zx = (x-x) / sx

distribution of
X~ distribution of X
random variable X
X ~ N(0,3)

normal gaussian
N(μ,σ2) distribution
X ~ N(0,3)
distribution

uniform equal probability in

U(a,b) distribution range a,b
X ~ U(0,3)
exponential
exp(λ) distribution f (x) = λe-λx , x≥0

gamma
gamma(c, λ) distribution f (x) = λ c xc-1e-λx
/ Γ(c), x≥0
chi-square f (x) = xk/2-1e-x/2
χ 2(k) distribution / ( 2k/2 Γ(k/2) )
F (k1, k2) F distribution

binomial f (k) = nCk pk(1-

Bin(n,p) distribution p)n-k
Poisson
Poisson(λ) distribution f (k) = λke-λ / k!
geometric
Geom(p) distribution f (k) = p(1-p) k
hyper-
HG(N,K,n) geometric
distribution
Bernoulli
Bern(p) distribution

Combinatorics Symbols
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example

n! factorial n! = 1⋅2⋅3⋅...⋅n 5! = 1⋅2⋅3⋅4⋅5 = 120

nPk permutation 5P3 = 5! / (5-3)! = 60

nC k

combination 5 C3 = 5!/[3!(5-3)!]=10