Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Define neighbors of a pixel. [3]
b) Write short notes on selective filtering. [4]
c) Write the difference between image restoration and image enhancement. [4]
d) What is the advantage of color in image processing applications? [4]
e) What is meant by digital image water marking? [3]
f) What is meant by image segmentation? Write its use in image processing. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Explain the following mathematical operations on digital images
i) Array versus Matrix operations ii) Linear versus Nonlinear Operations [8]
b) Explain the following two properties of 2D-DFT:
i) Convolution ii) Correlation [8]

3. a) What is meant by histogram specification? Explain. [8]

b) Explain image smoothing using ideal lowpass filters and Butterworth lowpass
filters. [8]

4. a) What are the advantages of adaptive filters? Explain about adaptive median
filter. [8]
b) Explain about image restoration using inverse filtering. Write the draw backs of
this method. [8]

5. a) What is Pseudocolor image processing? Explain. [8]

b) Explain about color image smoothing. [8]

6. a) Explain two-band subband coding and decoding system. [8]

b) With an example, explain about run-length coding. [8]

7. a) What is Hit-or-Miss transformation? Explain. [8]

b) Explain about edge detection using gradient operator. [8]

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
1 of 1
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) What is the need for image transform? Explain. [4]
b) What is meant by moiré patterns? Explain. [4]
c) Draw the model of Image degradation/Restoration process. [3]
d) What is the significance of color model? [4]
e) Define subband coding? [3]
f) Explain how a point can be detected in an image? [4]
PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)
2. a) Explain the various basic relationships between pixels. [8]
b) What is Haar Transform? Write the procedure to determine the Haar
transformation matrix. [8]

3. a) Explain the following operations: [8]

i) Contrast stretching ii) Bit-plane slicing
b) What is notch filter? Explain its use in image processing. [8]

4. a) List out different noise probability density functions used in image processing
applications. [8]
b) With an example, explain how an image can be reconstructed from projections. [8]

5. a) Explain about RGB color model? [8]

b) Explain about histogram processing of color images. [8]

6. a) What are the various requirements for multi-resolution analysis? Explain. [8]
b) Draw the functional block diagram of image compression system and explain the
purpose of each block. [8]

7. a) Explain the following morphological algorithms

i) Boundary extraction ii) Hole filling [8]
b) What is meant by edge linking? Explain edge linking using local processing. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) What is meant by isopreference curves? Explain. [4]
b) What is log transformation? How it is useful in image processing? [3]
c) Explain about alpha-trimmed mean filter? [4]
d) What is meant by pixel depth? Explain. [3]
e) What is image compression? Why it is needed? Explain. [4]
f) Explain the effect of noise on edge detection. [4]
PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)
2. a) What are the various fundamental steps in digital image processing? Explain. [8]
b) Find the Haar transformation matrix for N = 8. [8]

3. a) Explain image sharpening using laplacian operator. [8]

b) With necessary equations, explain about Homomorphic filtering. [8]

4. a) Explain how periodic noise can be reduced using frequency domain filtering. [8]
b) What are the different ways to estimate the degradation function? Explain. [8]

5. a) Explain the procedure of converting colors from RGB to HSI. [8]

b) Explain about color image sharpening. [8]

6. a) Discuss about wavelet transform in two dimensions. [8]

b) What is block transform coding? Explain. [8]

7. a) Explain the following morphological algorithms [8]

i) Thinning ii) Thickening
b) Explain edge linking using Hough transform. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Explain about image acquisition using a circular sensor strip. [4]
b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of local histogram processing when [4]
compared to global histogram processing.
c) What is meant by image restoration? [3]
d) What is the purpose of color model? Explain. [3]
e) Write the difference between wavelet transform and Fourier transform. [4]
f) Prove that Erosion and dilation are duals of each other. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Explain about image sampling and Quantization. [8]
b) Prove that both the 2-D continuous and discrete Fourier transforms are linear
operations. [8]

3. a) Explain the concept of Unsharp masking and Highboost filtering. [8]

b) Explain image sharpening using Butterworth highpass and Gaussian highpass
filters. [8]

4. a) What are the different types of mean filters used for noise reduction? Explain. [8]
b) Explain about image restoration using minimum mean square error filtering. [8]

5. a) Explain the procedure of converting colors from HSI to RGB. [8]

b) Discuss about noise in color images. [8]

6. a) Compute the Haar transform of the 2 x 2 image [8]

3  1
F 
6 2 
b) With an example, explain Huffman coding. [8]

7. a) With necessary figures, explain the opening and closing operations. [8]
b) Discuss about region based segmentation. [8]

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
1 of 1

|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March - 2017
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Describe Weber ratio. [4]
b) Illustrate first and second derivatives of a 1-D digital function representing a
section of horizontal intensity profile from an image. [4]
c) Explain about Arithmetic mean filter. [4]
d) Discuss about Tonal correction. [4]
e) Write a short note on Compression Ratio. [4]
f) What is global, Local and dynamic or adaptive threshold? [2]
PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)
2. a) Explain Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in detail. [8]
b) Describe image formation in the eye with brightness adaptation and
discrimination. [8]

3. a) What effect would setting to zero the half of lower-order bit planes have on the
histogram of an image in general. [8]
b) Discuss the limiting effect of repeatedly applying a 3x3 low-pass spatial filter to a
digital image. You may ignore border effects. Is this effect different from applying
5x5 filter? [8]

4. a) What are the two approaches for blind image restoration? Explain in detail. [8]
b) Explain about interactive image restoration. [8]

5. a) Briefly discuss about Complements on the color circle. [8]

b) What is color image smoothing? Explain how smoothing will done by
neighborhood averaging. [8]

6. a) Explain about the Fast Wavelet Transform. [12]

b) Write a short note on Wavelet Packets. [4]

7. a) How can you control Over segmentation problem? Explain it. [8]
b) Write short notes on Haar Transforms. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, October/November - 2017
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Define D4 and D8 distances. [3]
b) What are the advantages of filtering in frequency domain? [4]
c) How to estimate the degradation function by experimentation? [4]
d) Define brightness, hue and saturation. [3]
e) Write short notes on spatial redundancy. [4]
f) Write short notes on morphological gradient. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) What is meant by image interpolation? Discuss about various interpolation
methods. [8]
b) What is the need of image transform? List out various transform used in image
processing. [8]

3. a) With an example, explain the concept of histogram equalization. [8]

b) State 2D sampling theorem and explain about aliasing in images. [8]

4. a) Explain about noise reduction in an image using band reject and band pass filters. [8]
b) Explain the concept of minimum mean square error filtering. [8]

5. a) Explain about RGB color model and write its applications. [8]
b) Describe about histogram processing in color images. [8]

6. a) Draw the diagram of two band subband coding and decoding system, and explain
it. [8]
b) With an example, explain about arithmetic coding. [8]

7. a) Discuss about opening and closing for gray scale images. [8]
b) Explain the detection of isolated points in an image. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, October/November - 2017
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) What is meant by spatial resolution and explain its significance. [4]
b) Define Fourier spectrum and Phase angle of 2D-DFT. [3]
c) Write short notes on Max and Min filters. [4]
d) Write short notes on chromaticity and tristimulus values. [4]
e) Explain about subjective fidelity criteria. [3]
f) Explain the duality of erosion and dilation operations. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Explain the following terms:
(i) Adjacency (ii) Connectivity (iii) Regions (iv) Boundaries [8]
b) Obtain the Haar transformation matrix for N = 8. [8]

3. a) Explain the use of histogram statistics for image enhancement. [8]

b) Prove the validity of the discrete convolution theorem of two variables. [8]

4. a) What is an adaptive median filter? Explain its use for noise reduction in an
image. [8]
b) With an example, explain the concept of image reconstruction from back
projections. [8]

5. a) Discuss about CMY and CMYK color models. [8]

b) Discuss about noise in color images. [8]

6. a) Explain the concept of wavelet packets and write its advantages. [8]
b) Draw the functional block diagram of general image compression system and
explain it. [8]

7. a) Explain the following morphological algorithms:

(i) Boundary extraction (ii) Hole filling [8]
b) Define image gradient and explain its use in edge detection. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, October/November - 2017
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) 3  1
Compute the Haar transform of the 2 X 2 image F    [4]
6 2 
b) What is Log Transformation and write its use in image processing. [3]
c) Write the expression for contraharmonic mean filter and explain its use in image
restoration. [4]
d) What is the purpose of color model and list out some color models. [4]
e) What is image compression? Why it is needed? [4]
f) List out different masks used to compute the gradient. [3]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Explain the basic concepts of sampling and quantization in the generation of
digital image. [8]
b) Discuss about KL Transform and write its applications in image processing. [8]

3. a) Determine the convolution and correlation between the following images:

0 0 0 0 0 
0 0 0 0 0 
  1 2 3
f ( x, y )  0 0 1 0 0 and g ( x, y )  4 5 6
 
0 0 0 0 0  7 8 9
0 0 0 0 0
[8]
b) Explain the following filters:
(i) Band reject and Band pass filters (ii) Notch filters [8]

4. a) What are the different approaches to estimate the noise parameters in an image?
Explain. [8]
b) State and explain the Fourier-Slice Theorem. [8]

5. a) Discuss the concept of converting colors from RGB to HSI. [8]

b) With necessary equations, explain about color edge detection. [8]

6. a) What are the various Multiresolution analysis requirements? Explain. [8]

b) What is meant by block transform coding? Explain. [8]

7. a) Explain about morphological hit-or-miss transform. [8]

b) Discuss about edge linking using local processing. [8]

1 of 1
WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, October/November - 2017
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Define Walsh Transform and write its properties. [4]
b) What is meant by gamma correction? Why it is needed? [3]
c) Write the difference between image restoration and image enhancement. [4]
d) Write short notes on RGB to CMY conversion. [4]
e) Write the difference between Fourier transform and wavelet transform. [4]
f) Explain the effect of noise in edge detection. [3]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Explain about linear and nonlinear operations used in image processing. [8]
b) State and Prove the translation and rotation properties of 2D-DFT. [8]

3. a) Explain the concept of weighted average filter. [8]

b) With necessary equations, explain the concept of homomorphic filtering. [8]

4. a) List out some important noise probability density functions used in image
processing and sketch their plots. [8]
b) Discuss about Radon Transform and write its applications. [8]

5. a) Explain about intensity slicing and write its applications. [8]

b) Discuss about segmentation in RGB vector space. [8]

6. a) Explain about wavelet transform in two dimensions. [8]

b) Draw the block diagram of lossless predictive coding model and explain it. [8]

7. a) Explain the following morphological operations:

(i) Erosion
(ii) Dilation [8]
b) Explain the basics of intensity thresholding in image segmentation. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February/March - 2018
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Define the following terms:
(i) Image (ii) Resolution (iii) Pixel and (iv) Digital Image [4]
b) Compare Image Enhancement and Image Restoration. [4]
c) Give the relation for degradation model for Continuous function. [3]
d) Differentiate Pseudo color image processing and full color image processing. [4]
e) What is the need for Compression? [4]
f) What are the applications of Image segmentation? [3]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Compute Haar Transform for following N Value. N=8. [8]
b) Explain how Fourier transforms are useful in digital image processing and
explain the properties of Fourier transform. [8]

3. a) Define Histogram of Image. Explain the concept of Histogram Equalization

technique for Image enhancement. [8]
b) Explain Spatial filtering in Image enhancement. [8]

4. a) Explain the need for Image restoration. [8]

b) Explain the concept of Inverse Filtering and also mention the limitations of it. [8]

5. a) Explain about color segmentation process. [8]

b) Discuss the procedure for conversion from RGB color model to HSI color model. [8]

6. a) Draw and explain the general image compression system model. [8]
b) Write short notes on Image Pyramids and Sub band coding. [8]

7. a) Explain the significance of thresholding in image segmentation. [8]

b) Write short notes on some basic morphology algorithms. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Oct/Nov - 2018
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****

PART–A (22 Marks)

1. a) Explain the function of image sensor. [3]
b) Differentiate between image enhancement and image restoration. [4]
c) Write the drawback of inverse filtering. [4]
d) Write short note on CMYK color model. [4]
e) Compare orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelets. [3]
f) Define gradient of an image. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Explain the theory of sampling of an image. [8]
b) Explain about KL Transform. [8]

3. a) Define histogram equalization. Explain the procedure for histogram equalization. [8]
b) Define DFT. State and prove the following properties:
(i) Correlation (ii) Scaling (iii) Periodicity [8]

4. a) Define blur of an image. Explain the different types of blurs. [8]

b) Prove that median filter is a nonlinear filter with an example. [8]

5. a) Explain about HSI color mode. [8]

b) Explain about color image segmentation. [8]

6. a) Define compression and explain the general compression system model. [8]
b) Explain watermarking in Frequency domain. List out various applications of
watermarking. [8]

7. a) Explain about erosion operation. [8]

b) Explain watershed transformation and discuss about its advantages and
disadvantages. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Oct/Nov - 2018
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****

PART–A (22 Marks)

1. a) Write the properties of DST. [3]
b) Define convolution and explain its use in image processing. [4]
c) List out different noises in images. [4]
d) Write the purpose of color model. [4]
e) Explain the advantage of DWT over DCT. [3]
f) Define laplacian of Gaussian. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Explain the elements of an image processing system. [8]
b) Explain about the discrete cosine transform and write its applications. [8]

3. a) Explain about image smoothing using Ideal low pass filter. [8]
b) Explain about local histogram processing. [8]

4. a) Explain the image restoration with wiener filtering. [8]

b) Explain parallel projection and fan beam projection based methods for image
restoration. [8]

5. a) Explain the operation of color image smoothing and sharpening. [8]

b) Explain about RGB color model. [8]

6. a) Explain about Huffman coding by taking an example. [8]

b) What is an Image pyramid? Explain Gaussian and Laplace pyramids. [8]

7. a) Prove that erosion and dilation are dual to each other. [8]
b) Define image segmentation. Give classification. Explain region based
segmentation. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Oct/Nov - 2018
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****

PART–A (22 Marks)

1. a) Write the applications of KL Transform. [3]
b) Write the properties of DCT. [4]
c) Write the drawbacks of wiener filtering. [3]
d) Write short notes on color slicing. [4]
e) Derive haar basis for N=4. [4]
f) Compare canny and laplacian of Gaussian edge operator. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Define an image. List out and explain the various areas of applications of image
processing. [8]
b) Explain the slant transform. Derive the slant transform for N=8. [8]

3. a) Define 2D DFT. Prove the convolution property of 2D DFT. [8]

b) Explain about intensity transformation functions. [8]

4. a) Explain the process of inverse filtering. [8]

b) Explain about periodic noise reduction using frequency domain filtering. [8]

5. a) What is a chromacity diagram? Explain CIE chromacity diagram. [8]

b) Explain about CMY color model. [8]

6. a) What is the need of compression? Explain about vector quantization method. [8]
b) Explain about directional filter bank. [8]

7. a) What is Hit-or-Miss transformation? Explain. [8]

b) Discuss about Roberts, Prewitt and Sobel edge detectors. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Oct/Nov - 2018
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****

PART–A (22 Marks)

1. a) Write the applications of SVD. [3]
b) Define log transformation and write its application. [4]
c) Explain the advantage of wiener filter over inverse filter. [4]
d) Write the advantages of color image processing. [4]
e) Compare different image formats with reference to number of bits and
compression. [3]
f) Explain about point detection in image. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Explain about image acquisition. [8]
b) Construct Walsh basis for N=4. [8]

3. a) State and prove conjugate symmetry and orthoganality property of 2D DFT. [8]
b) Explain about histogram specification. [8]

4. a) Define an image restoration. Explain the image restoration model. [8]

b) Explain the geometric mean filtering. Write the advantages and disadvantages. [8]

5. a) Explain about histogram processing in color images. [8]

b) Explain about Pseudo color image processing. [8]

6. a) Explain about Run Length coding with an example. [8]

b) Discuss about sub band coding of 2D signal [8]

7. a) Explain opening and closing operations. [8]

b) Explain about Hough transform. [8]

1 of 1

WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
|''|'''||''||'''||||
 Code No: RT41043 R13 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February - 2019
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to Electronics and Computer Engineering, Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****

PART–A (22 Marks)

1. a) Enlist the applications of KL transform. [4]
b) Write short notes on log transformation. [3]
c) Explain the estimation of degradation function by Experimentation. [4]
d) Short note on noise in color images. [3]
e) What do you meant by wavelet packet? [4]
f) Specify some fundamental conditions of segmentation. [4]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Discuss the image acquisition using a single sensor, sensor strips and sensor
arrays. [8]
b) What is Hadamard transform? Explain in detail and Write its properties. [8]

3. a) Discuss how the various filter masks are generated to sharpen images in spatial
filters. [8]
b) Illustrate homomorphic filtering approach for image enhancement. [8]

4. a) With relevant mathematical expressions, explain how a Wiener filter achieves

restoration of a given degraded image. [8]
b) Explain linear position invariant degradation employed for image restoration. [8]

5. a) Explain pseudo color image processing and pseudo color coding approaches. [8]
b) Describe the histogram based processing in color images. [8]

6. a) Discuss sub-band coding with neat sketch. [8]

b) Describe arithmetic coding with an example for compression of image. [8]

7. a) Discuss segmentation using morphological watersheds. [8]

b) Explain Hit-or-Mass transformation technique. [8]

1 of 1

|''|'''||''||'''|||| www.manaresults.co.in