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Experiment No 5

The document describes an experiment to observe the phase differences between voltages of transformers connected in various star and delta configurations. It discusses how a wye-wye or delta-delta connection results in identical voltage, current, and phase relationships between the primary and secondary windings as a single-phase transformer. A wye-delta connection produces a 30 degree phase lag and different voltage and current values at the secondary compared to the primary. A delta-wye connection produces a 30 degree phase lead and different voltage and current values at the secondary compared to the primary. The experiment involves connecting transformers in the four configurations and measuring the phase differences between voltages.

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Sana Chaudry
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67 views7 pages

Experiment No 5

The document describes an experiment to observe the phase differences between voltages of transformers connected in various star and delta configurations. It discusses how a wye-wye or delta-delta connection results in identical voltage, current, and phase relationships between the primary and secondary windings as a single-phase transformer. A wye-delta connection produces a 30 degree phase lag and different voltage and current values at the secondary compared to the primary. A delta-wye connection produces a 30 degree phase lead and different voltage and current values at the secondary compared to the primary. The experiment involves connecting transformers in the four configurations and measuring the phase differences between voltages.

Uploaded by

Sana Chaudry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No 5

To Determine the Phase Difference Between Voltages of Transformer


Connected in Various Star & Delta Connections.
Objective:
 To observe the phase shifts between three phases

 To observe the phase shift between the voltages of transformer connected in

a) Y to Y connection
b) Delta to Delta connection
c) Y to delta connection
d) Delta to Y connection
Apparatus:
 Three Phase Transformers
 Connecting Leads
 Three phase AC Supply
 AC Voltmeter
 Lab-Volt Data Acquisition Software
Introduction:
 Many three-phase transformer configurations are possible when connecting the primary and
secondary windings of a three-phase transformer bank.
 Each configuration presents different characteristics.
 When connecting a three-phase transformer bank in a circuit, it is therefore important
to determine which characteristics are advantageous to the circuit, and to choose the
appropriate three-phase transformer configuration accordingly.
 The four most common three-phase transformer configurations are wye-wye, delta-delta,
wye-delta, and delta-wye configurations.
 Voltage, current, and phase relationships between the primary windings and the secondary
windings of the four common three-phase transformer configurations are the most
determining characteristics.

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Note that:

 We observed that wye-wye and delta-delta configurations have similar voltage, current,
and phase relationships.

 The turns ratio of each transformer in the three-phase transformer bank is assumed to be
equal to 1:1.

Wye-wye and delta-delta configurations:

 When a three-phase transformer bank is connected in either a wye-wye or a delta-delta


configuration, the voltage, current, and phase relationships between the primary windings
and the secondary windings are identical to the relationships found in a conventional
single-phase power transformer.
 This means that the values of the line voltages and currents at the secondary are equal to
those of the line voltages and currents at the primary (neglecting transformer losses).
 Also, the line voltage sine waves at the secondary are in phase with the line voltage
sine waves at the primary.
 The same is true for the line current sine waves at the secondary with respect to the line
current sine waves at the primary.

Wye-delta configuration:
 When a three-phase transformer bank is connected in a wye-delta configuration, the values
and phases of the line voltages and currents at the secondary are different from those at the
primary.
 Thus, in a wye-delta configuration, the value of the line voltages at the secondary is equal to
that of the line voltages at the primary divided by √ .
 Conversely, the value of the line currents at the secondary is equal to that of the line currents
at the primary multiplied by √ .
 Furthermore, the line voltage sine waves at the secondary lag behind those at the primary by
30°.
 The same is true for the line current sine waves at the secondary with respect to the line
current sine waves at the primary.

Delta-wye configuration:
 When a three-phase transformer bank is connected in a delta-wye configuration, the values and
phases of the line voltages and currents at the secondary are different from those at the primary.
 Thus, in a delta-wye configuration, the value of the line voltages at the secondary is equal to that of
the line voltages at the primary multiplied by √ .
 Conversely, the value of the line currents at the secondary is equal to that of the line currents at the
primary divided by √ . Furthermore, the line voltage sine waves at the secondary lead those at the
primary by 30°.
 The same is true for the line current sine waves at the secondary with respect to the line current sine
waves at the primary.
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Uses of three-phase transformer banks:
The primary uses of three-phase transformer banks in three-phase AC power circuits are
summarized below.

1. Three-phase transformer banks allow the voltages in the three-phase ac power circuit to
be stepped-up (i.e., to be increased) or stepped down (i.e., to be decreased).

2. Three-phase transformer banks provide electrical isolation between the primary windings
and the secondary windings.
3. Three-phase transformer banks connected in a wye-delta or in a delta-wye configuration
allow the number of wires in the three-phase ac power circuit to be decreased from 4 to 3,
or increased from 3 to 4, respectively.
4. Three-phase transformer banks connected in a wye-delta or in a delta-wye configuration
allow the incoming line voltages and currents to be phase shifted -30° or 30°, respectively.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1: Four different connections of 3-phase Transformers

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Procedure:

 Connect the transformer’s primary and secondary windings according to the circuit
diagram.
 Connect the voltmeters and connect the ac supply and set it to 50 volts.
 Open the phase analyzer in the Lab volt software and record the results.
 Repeat this method for all 4 types of connections.

Results:

Y to Y Connections

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Delta to Delta Connections

Y to Delta Connections

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Delta to Y Connections

Prove your results mathematically for all four combinations:

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