City HRIDAY Plan

Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)

Dwarka, Gujarat

February 2016

Prepared by

Urban Management Centre

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad i

Prepared by Urban Management Centre and
Urban Management Consulting Pvt. Ltd.

February 2016

All photographs are by UMC unless otherwise mentioned.

Data from this document may be used and quoted with
due acknowledgement to the organization and HRIDAY
Project.

Project Team:
Anurag Anthony, Bharti Sikri, Ilesh Dharek, Krunal
Parmar, Manvita Baradi, Meghna Malhotra, Munindra
Joshi, Prashant Panchal, Rujul Joshi and Santanu Das.

The Urban Management Centre (UMC) is a women

promoted not-for-profit organization, that works towards
professionalizing urban management in India and
worldwide. UMC provides technical assistance and support
to city governments and facilitates change through peer-to-
peer learning processes. It enhances the capacity of city
governments by providing expertise and ready access to
innovations on good governance implemented in India and
abroad. UMC extensively works in the areas of urban water
and sanitation, heritage management, planning, urban
health, municipal finance, urban management, urban
transportation and institutional restructuring. UMC is a
legacy organization of International City/County
Management Association (ICMA) and hence is also known
as ICMA-South Asia. For more information, visit our
website: www.umcasia.org.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad ii

 City HRIDAY Plan
Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)
Dwarka, Gujarat

February 2016

Prepared by
Urban Management Centre
And
Urban Management Consulting Pvt. Ltd.
For more details, contact:
Manvita Baradi
A 202, GCP Business Centre
Opposite Memnagar Fire Station, Navrangpura
Ahmedabad – 380009; Gujarat
T: +91 79 26400306; E: [email protected]

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad iii

Disclaimer
The scope of this report is to analyse and assess the existing situation in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka, as
per the framework of National scheme for Heritage City Rejuvenation and Augmentation Yojana
(HRIDAY) by Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India.

The report has been prepared on the basis of information collected on the site visits and surveys
conducted in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka. The information collected informs the issues faced by the local
authorities and communities and on meeting made with the local authorities, mapping and
documentation of heritage structures in the area of study, data collected from the existing reports,
books, and articles already available for the area of research.

During the course of the study and report preparation we were provided with both written and verbal
information, we also supplemented the study with hand drawn sketches, archive maps and digital
drawings. Nothing has come to our attention to cause us to believe that the data or maps provided by
various sources are not true or not correct. We believe this information to be authentic and therefore
has not conducted an independent audit of the same.

Moreover, no investigations of the title of the tangible and intangible assets has been made.
Therefore, matters of a legal nature relating to the title of the assets have not been considered.

Nothing contained herein, to the contrary and in no event shall Urban Management Centre or Urban
Management Consulting Pvt. Ltd. or any of its staff be liable for any loss of profit or revenues and any
direct, incidental, consequential damages incurred by any user of this document. In case this
document is to be made available or disclosed to any third party, this disclaimer along with all the
limiting factors must be issued to the concerned party.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad iv

Acknowledgements
We are thankful to Mr. Praveen Prakash, IAS, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development
(MoUD); Mr. Shailendra Singh, National HRIDAY Mission Director; Mr. Sumit Gakkar, Under
Secretary, MoUD and their team for continued support in preparation of the City HRIDAY Plan for
Dwarka. We also appreciate the guidance provided by Mr. Jagan Shah, Director, National Institute of
Urban Affairs (NIUA). We acknowledge the valuable guidance by the HRIDAY National Empowered
Committee (HNEC).

We would like to thank Ms. Poonam Madam, Member of Parliament, Jamnagar, for chairing the City
Level Advisory and Monitoring Committee (CLAMC) meeting and sharing her vision for development
of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka.

UMC acknowledges the support provided by Mr. S J Haider, IAS, Secretary, Department of Tourism,
Government of Gujarat (GoG); Mr. N Srivastav, Managing Director, Tourism Corporation of Gujarat
Limited (TCGL); Mr. Javed Waris, Manager, TCGL and other staff members of the TCGL team. We
also thank Mr. Rikhav Sanghvi for sharing presentation drawings of his project in Bet Dwarka.

We appreciate the inputs provided by Mr. Anil Patel, Secretary, Gujarat Pavitra Yatradham Vikas
Board (GPYVB) for lengthy discussions and deliberations on regional heritage and architecture.

We are grateful to Mr. H K Patel, IAS, District Collector and Magistrate, Devbhumi Dwarka District for
his guidance and support as the Chairperson of the CLAMC for Dwarka along with the team at the
District Collectorate including Mr. S N Joshi, Additional Collector and Administrator – Dwarkadhish
Devsthan Samiti; Mr. H Patel, Deputy Mamlatdar, Dwarka Division. We also thank the team at Dwarka
and Okha municipalities including Mr. M M Makwana, Former Chief Officer, Dwarka and Chief Officer,
Okha, Mr. Jayesh Patel, Chief Officer, Dwarka, Mr. Ramesh Kanjariya, Engineer, Dwarka and Mr. K G
Hindocha, Secretary, Dwarka Municipality for their support for the project.

We are highly thankful to Mr. Y S Ravat, (Former) Director of Archaeology and Museums, GoG; Mr.
Raval, Department of Museums, GoG for discussing and providing information about the city museum
in Dwarka. We also thank Mr. Maheshbhai Vyas, Bus Stand In-charge and Mr. R K Magra, Depot In-
charge, Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC), Dwarka for providing information about
tourist inflow through GSRTC’s bus service. Likewise, we appreciate the inputs on tourist inflow
provided by Mr. Vidya Bhushan, Deputy Assistant to the Station Master, Dwarka Station, Indian
Railways.

We appreciate the support provided by Shristi Singh, Sanando Bhattacharjee and Shubham Katyayan
from MoUD’s Project Management Unit of HRIDAY. We are thankful for on-field orientation provided
by architects Prof. Rajan Raval, CEPT University and Mr. Ashish Parmar who have been residents of
Dwarka and Mithapur (near Bet Dwarka), respectively.

We would like to thank other individual and members of various government and private organisations
who have provided their inputs for the development of City HRIDAY Plan for Dwarka and developing
an overall understanding of the city.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad v

List of abbreviations
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment)
AMASR Act, 2010
Act, 2010
AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
ASI Archaeological Survey of India
BCE Before Christian Era
CE Christian Era
CHP City HRIDAY Plan
CIDP Civic Infrastructure Development Plan
CLAMC City Level Monitoring and Advisory Committee
CMD City Mission Directorate
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
cum Cubic metre
DP Development Plan
DPR Detailed Project Report
ESR Elevated Service Reservoir
GDCR General Development Control Regulation
GEB Gujarat Electricity Board
GITCO Gujarat Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organisation
GoG Government of Gujarat
GPYVB Gujarat Pavitra Yatradham Vikas Board
GSRTC Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation
GUDC Gujarat Urban Development Company Ltd.
GUDM Gujarat Urban Development Mission
ha Hectare
HCA HRIDAY City Anchor
HRIDAY Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management
INR Indian National Rupee
km Kilometre
lpcd Litres per capita per day
m Metre
MLA Member of Legislative Assembly
MLD Million litres per day
MoT Ministry of Tourism
MoUD Ministry of Urban Development
MP Member of Parliament
MRCI Marine Resource Conservation and Information Centre
MT Metric tons
NCZMA National Coastal Zone Management Authority

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad vi

NIO National Institute of Oceanography
NIUA National Institute of Urban Affairs
NULM National Urban Livelihood Mission
O&M Operation and maintenance
PPP Public Private Partnership
PRASAD Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spirituality Augmentation Drive
PSU Public Sector Undertaking
RIL Reliance Industries Limited
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle
sqkm Square kilometer
sqm Square metre
SRFDCL Sabarmati River Front Development Corporation Ltd.
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
TCGL Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited
TFIS Tourist Flow Information System
TPVD Town Planning and Valuation Department
UD&UHD Urban Development & Urban Housing Department
UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Schemes for Small and Medium Towns
ULB Urban Local Body
UMC Urban Management Centre
WTP Water Treatment Plant

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad vii

Table of contents

1. Purpose of City HRIDAY Plan ........................................................................................................... 1

2. Introduction to the City ...................................................................................................................... 2

2.1. Introduction to Dwarka ....................................................................................................................... 2
2.2. Regional setting .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3. Physiography and Climate ................................................................................................................ 6
2.4. Forest and Bio diversity ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.5. Administration ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.6. Area, demography and economy ..................................................................................................... 8
2.7. Tourism footfall and infrastructure ................................................................................................... 9

3. Appraisal of Listed Heritage, Recognised Tourist and Cultural Assets of the City .............. 11
3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 11
3.1.1. Listing of heritage structures in Dwarka ............................................................................... 11
3.1.2. Listing of heritage structures in Bet Dwarka ........................................................................ 18
3.1.3. Protected monuments in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka ............................................................. 19
3.2. Appraisal of Tangible Assets .......................................................................................................... 25
3.3. Appraisal of Intangible Heritage ..................................................................................................... 27
3.4. Mapping of the Assets ..................................................................................................................... 29
3.5. About the existing and the past conservation initiatives in Dwarka .......................................... 32
3.5.1. Repair works carried out by ASI ............................................................................................ 32
3.5.2. Development by Devsthan Samiti, Dwarkadhish Temple .................................................. 32
3.5.3. Projects undertaken by TCGL and GPYVB ......................................................................... 33
3.5.4. Development of a City Museum by Department of Museums, GoG ................................ 34
3.5.5. Conservation by Dwarka Municipality ................................................................................... 34
3.5.6. Conservation by private owners and trusts .......................................................................... 35

4. Review of Existing Initiatives .......................................................................................................... 36

4.1. Review of Master Plans, CDP, Zonal Plan, Regional Plan ........................................................ 36
4.2. Existing Policies of Central and State Government applicable to the city ............................... 38
4.3. Projects undertaken by ULB on development of the assets and its surroundings ................. 41
4.4. Initiatives by various state level Departments of Government of Gujarat ................................ 43

5. Stakeholders’ Consultation ............................................................................................................. 48

6. Projection & Infrastructure Gap Assessment (city level) ........................................................... 51

6.1. Tourists Projection ............................................................................................................................ 51
6.2. Broad Projection for Urban Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 51
6.2.1. Water Supply ............................................................................................................................ 52
6.2.2. Sewage and Waste Water Disposal System ....................................................................... 53
6.2.3. Solid Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 54
6.2.4. Transportation .......................................................................................................................... 54

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad viii

 6.2.5. Pedestrian and non-motorized infrastructure ...................................................................... 56
6.2.6. Public conveniences ................................................................................................................ 57
6.2.7. Street Furniture, street lights, signage .................................................................................. 59
6.2.8. Maidans, exhibition grounds and large public gathering spaces ...................................... 61

7. Vision for development of Dwarka-Bet Dwarka ........................................................................... 63

8. Prioritisation of Assets .................................................................................................................... 64

9. Civic Infrastructure Development Plan ......................................................................................... 65

9.1. Introduction to Delineated Heritage Area ...................................................................................... 65
9.2. Heritage zone 01 – Dwarkadhish temple square ......................................................................... 75
9.3. Heritage zone 02 – Vegetable market square ............................................................................. 87
9.4. Heritage zone 03 – Siddheshwar Mahadev precinct ................................................................ 100
9.5. Heritage zone 04 – Main Processional Street (Darshan Path) from Iskon Gate to
Dwarkadhish Temple .................................................................................................................................. 111
9.6. Heritage zone 05 –Darshan Path (Teen Batti to Dwarkadhish Temple) ................................ 122

10. Investment Plan and Source of Funding ................................................................................ 132

11. Implementation Plan & Monitoring Mechanism ..................................................................... 133

12. Promotion Program and Marketing Strategies ...................................................................... 134

13. Strategies for Operation and Maintenance ............................................................................. 135

14. Creation of Shelf of Projects ..................................................................................................... 136

15. City Specific Toolkits Creation ................................................................................................. 137

15.1. Area-wide Urban Guideline Toolkit .......................................................................................... 138
15.2. Public Streetscape Guideline Toolkit ...................................................................................... 140
15.3. Building Guideline Toolkit and Pallet Creation....................................................................... 148

Annexures ................................................................................................................................................. 160

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad ix

List of Figures
Figure 1 Grave of Captain Marriot ................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2 Grave of Alice ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 3 Sindhu Sadan, Dwarka ...................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 4 Vegetable Market Square ................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 5 Jampar-ni Haveli................................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 6 New Ramwadi Temple ...................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 7 Old Ramwadi ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 8 Siddhnath temple ............................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 9 Examples of heritage structures in Dwarka .................................................................................... 17
Figure 10 Examples of Heritage structures across Bet Dwarka ................................................................. 18
Figure 11 ASI protected heritage structures in Dwarka ............................................................................... 19
Figure 12 Archeological remains off the coast of Dwarka ........................................................................... 21
Figure 13 Entrance (Swargadwar) of Dwarkadhish Temple Complex ....................................................... 22
Figure 14 Dwarkadhish temple is located at the axis of Gomti River and Sea ......................................... 22
Figure 15 Architectural ornamentation on “Mandapa” .................................................................................. 23
Figure 16 Rukshmani temple and surroundings ........................................................................................... 24
Figure 17 Significance of identified heritage structures ............................................................................... 25
Figure 18 Buildings in colonial style of architecture in Dwarka ................................................................... 26
Figure 19 Dilapidated condition of heritage structures in Dwarka .............................................................. 26
Figure 20 Aarti being performed at Dwarkadhish Temple ........................................................................... 27
Figure 21 Rituals at Gomti Ghat (left); Procession through the streets of Dwarka (right) ....................... 28
Figure 22 Rayka art of Dwarka ........................................................................................................................ 28
Figure 23 Excavated plinth of Vishnu Temple ............................................................................................... 32
Figure 24 Repairs carried out by ASI before and after ................................................................................. 32
Figure 25 Development of Kaklash Kund by TCGL ...................................................................................... 33
Figure 26 Under construction museum in Dwarka ........................................................................................ 34
Figure 27 Vegetable market in Dwarka .......................................................................................................... 34
Figure 28 Temple on Gomti Ghat cladded with ceramic tiles ...................................................................... 35
Figure 29 Existing and proposed land use break up in Dwarka, Second Revised DP 2018 .................. 37
Figure 30 First CLAMC Meeting on Sep 11, 2015, Devbhumi Dwarka District ........................................ 48
Figure 31 Water supply in Dwarka .................................................................................................................. 52
Figure 32 Public conveniences in Dwarka ..................................................................................................... 57
Figure 33 Types of street light in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka ......................................................................... 59
Figure 34 Types of street furniture .................................................................................................................. 60
Figure 35 Types of signage .............................................................................................................................. 61
Figure 36 Public Gathering Spaces across Dwarka ..................................................................................... 61
Figure 37 Map showing all heritage assets w.r.t. selected heritage zones ............................................... 74
Figure 38 Forecourt of Dwarkadhish Temple ................................................................................................ 76
Figure 39 Steps south of the temple (left); Plaza east of the temple (right) .............................................. 76
Figure 40 Vegetable market square ................................................................................................................ 88
Figure 41 Activity map during mornings for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) ................... 94
Figure 42 Siddheshwar Mahadev Square and step well............................................................................ 100
Figure 43 Main entry to the Darshan Path (left); Street view (right) ......................................................... 112
Figure 44 Kaklash Kund at the northern end of the street ......................................................................... 112
Figure 45 Area proposed to be under the SPV ........................................................................................... 133
Figure 46 Shankhoddar Kund, Bet Dwarka ................................................................................................. 160

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad x

List of Tables
Table 1 Inflow of tourist in Dwarka .................................................................................................................... 9
Table 2 Layers of buried Dwarka..................................................................................................................... 20
Table 3 Land-use distribution as per Development plan (second revision) 2018. ................................... 37
Table 4 Inflow of tourist in Dwarka .................................................................................................................. 51
Table 5 Population projections for 2041 ......................................................................................................... 51
Table 6 Gap analysis for water supply in Dwarka ......................................................................................... 53
Table 7 Gap analysis for Sewage Network .................................................................................................... 53
Table 8 Gap analysis for solid waste management ...................................................................................... 54
Table 9 Capacity of Parking areas .................................................................................................................. 55
Table 10 Block cost estimate for proposed development at Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone01) ...... 85
Table 11 Area statement for proposed development at Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01) ............ 86
Table 12 Block cost estimate for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) ..................................... 99
Table 13 Area statement for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) ............................................ 99
Table 14 Block cost estimate for Siddheshwar Mahadev Precinct (Heritage Zone 03) ........................ 110
Table 15 Area statement for Siddheshwar Mahadev Precinct (Heritage Zone 03) ............................... 110
Table 16 Block cost estimate for Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04) .......................................... 121
Table 17 Area statement for Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04) .................................................. 121
Table 18 Block cost estimate for Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05) .................................. 131
Table 19 Area statement for Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05) ......................................... 131
Table 20 Summary of investment for six Heritage Zones .......................................................................... 132

List of Maps
Map 1 Location map for Dwarka and Bet Dwarka .......................................................................................... 2
Map 2 Map of Baroda State ............................................................................................................................... 3
Map 3 Historic map of Bet Dwarka locating various structures in the city and the river............................ 4
Map.4 Regional Setting of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka ...................................................................................... 5
Map 5 Location of Marine national Park ........................................................................................................... 7
Map.6 Base map of Dwarka ............................................................................................................................... 8
Map 7 Tourist destinations in Dwarka ............................................................................................................. 10
Map 8 Location of ASI protected structures in Dwarka ................................................................................ 11
Map 9 Heritage structures identified by UMC through a primary survey in Dwarka ................................ 12
Map 10 Heritage structures identified by UMC through a primary survey in Bet Dwarka ....................... 18
Map 11 Site location for archaeological findings ........................................................................................... 20
Map 12 Mapping of heritage structures in Dwarka ....................................................................................... 30
Map 13 Mapping of Heritage structures in Bet Dwarka................................................................................ 31
Map 14 Proposed land use plan, Second Revised Development Plan 2018, Dwarka ............................ 36
Map 15 Location of Sub zones in Dwarka as per heritage byelaws ........................................................... 42
Map 16 Integrated tourism circuit Dwarka-Shivrajpur-Bet Dwarka-Nageshwar/ Gopi-Talav.................. 47
Map 17 Location of major parking and undesignated paring areas in Dwarka ........................................ 56
Map 18 Location of public conveniences in Dwarka ..................................................................................... 58
Map 19 Location of Public Conveniences in Bet Dwarka ............................................................................ 58
Map 20 Location of street furniture, signage in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka ................................................. 59
Map 21 Public Gathering Spaces across Dwarka ......................................................................................... 62
Map 22 Prohibited and regulated zones around Dwarkadhish Group of Temples .................................. 65
Map 23 Heritage structures identified by UMC .............................................................................................. 66
Map 24 Major Tourist Destinations in Dwarka ............................................................................................... 67
Map 25 Public conveniences in Dwarka ......................................................................................................... 68
Map 26 Location of SWM containers in Dwarka ........................................................................................... 69

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad xi

Map 27 Street furniture and way-finding/ tourist signage in Dwarka .......................................................... 70
Map 28 Public transport and parking areas in Dwarka ................................................................................ 71
Map 29 Delineated heritage area w.r.t. coastal regulation zone in Dwarka .............................................. 72
Map 30 Heritage Zones in Dwarka .................................................................................................................. 73
Map 31 Heritage Zone 01 - Dwarkadhish Temple Square .......................................................................... 75
Map 32 Base map of Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01)....................................................................... 77
Map 33 Building use plan of Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01) .......................................................... 78
Map 34 Built-open map of Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01) .............................................................. 79
Map 35 Building height map of Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01)...................................................... 80
Map 36 Proposed concept plan for Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01) .............................................. 83
Map 37 Heritage Zone 02 - Vegetable Market Square ................................................................................ 87
Map 38 Base map of Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) ......................................................... 90
Map 39 Building use map of Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) ............................................ 91
Map 40 Building height map of Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) ........................................ 92
Map 41 Built vs. open map for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) ......................................... 93
Map 42 Activity map during evenings for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) ....................... 95
Map 43 Proposed concept plan of Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02) .................................. 98
Map 44 Heritage Zone 03 - Siddheshwar Mahadev Precinct .................................................................... 100
Map 45 Base map of Siddheshwar Mahadev (Heritage Zone 03) ........................................................... 102
Map 46 Building use map of Siddheshwar Mahadev (Heritage Zone 03) ............................................... 103
Map 47 Building height map of Siddheshwar Mahadev (Heritage Zone 03) .......................................... 104
Map 48 Proposed concept plan of Siddheshwar Mahadev (Heritage Zone 03) ..................................... 106
Map 49 Heritage Zone 04–Darshan Path (Iskon to Dwarkadhish Temple) ............................................ 111
Map 50 Base map of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04) .............................................................. 113
Map 51 Building use map of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04) .................................................. 114
Map 52 Building height map of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04) ............................................. 115
Map 53 Built vs. open cum activity map of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04) .......................... 116
Map 54 Proposed concept plan of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04) ........................................ 119
Map 55 Street sections along Darshan Path (Iskon) .................................................................................. 120
Map 56 Base map of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05) ...................................................... 124
Map 57 Built vs. open map of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05) ....................................... 125
Map 58 Building use map of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05) ......................................... 126
Map 59 Activity map of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05) .................................................. 127
Map 60 Proposed concept plan of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05) ............................... 129
Map 61 Proposed traffic rerouting map for Darshan Path ......................................................................... 130
Map 62 Development of Tourist Amenities in Bet Dwarka ........................................................................ 161

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad xii

1. Purpose of City HRIDAY Plan
The National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) Scheme was
launched on January 21, 2015 by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) with the aim of
bringing together urban planning, economic growth and heritage conservation in an inclusive
manner with the objective of restoring, reviving and strengthening the soul and heritage of
the city.

The HRIDAY Scheme focuses on development of civic infrastructure development projects

around heritage sites, leading to revitalization of the city as a heritage and cultural
destination. This scheme differs from past schemes as it aims at keeping heritage at the
centre of urban development. With a total outlay of INR 500 crore, the scheme is set to be
implemented in the following 12 identified Cities viz. Ajmer, Amravati, Amritsar, Badami,
Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni and Warangal (Ministry of
Urban Development, 2015).

Under this scheme a City HRIDAY Plan (CHP) will be prepared for each city. The purpose of
the CHP is to create a sustainable Civic Infrastructure Development Plan (CIDP) for areas
around tangible heritage assets (identified/ approved by the Ministry of Culture, Government
of India and State Governments) by identifying gaps through infrastructure need assessment
for physical infrastructure (water supply, sanitation, drainage, waste management, approach
roads, footpaths, street lights, tourist conveniences, electricity wiring, landscaping etc.) as
per locally applicable standards/norms/bye-laws.

MoUD has appointed Urban Management Centre (UMC) in consortium with Urban
Management Consulting Pvt. Ltd. as the HRIDAY City Anchor (HCA) for Dwarka, Gujarat.
Along with Dwarka, Bet Dwarka – an island around 30 km from away is an integral part of
the heritage, religious and socio-cultural significance. As a part of the HRIDAY guidelines
and the agreed terms of reference for the HCA, UMC conducted an assessment of the
existing situation in both Dwarka and Bet Dwarka (administratively a part of Okha
Municipality). Based on the assessment, overall vision for development of Dwarka has been
developed in consultation with various stakeholders and a shelf of projects has been created
which should be taken up for implementation. This report further estimates the investment
requirements and role of various stakeholders. This report provides the operation and
maintenance mechanisms suitable for the projects proposed in Dwarka.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 1

2. Introduction to the City
2.1. Introduction to Dwarka
The ancient city of Dwarka is located on the western tip of the Saurashtra peninsula in
Gujarat, India. The city is one of the Chardhams1 of the Hindu pilgrim circuit. The city is
associated with mythological periods having associations with Lord Krishna and has rich
religious and cultural significance in the Hindu religion. Owing to its religious, historic and
architectural value, it attracts close to 20 lakh tourists every year (Gujarat Industrial and
Technical Consultancy Organisation Limited, 2015).

Dwarka houses one of the oldest marine archaeological sites in the country. During marine
explorations, archaeological remains dating 2500 to 1500 BCE were discovered at the
mouth of the Gomti River. The oldest excavations found in the region belong to the Harappa
period, hinting that the site was probably a trading dockyard during the Indus Valley
Civilisation. Dwarka also houses a large number of temples dating back from 12th to15th
century CE. Dwarka has several built structures related to water bodies in the form of kunds,
sarovars and ghats.

Dwarka is known for its rich culture that exists in form of people, practices and places where
traditional art forms exist. The people in Dwarka and its surroundings make hand
embroidered clothing products in a local style named as Rayka art.

Map 1 Location map for Dwarka and Bet Dwarka

Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC

Dwarka is one of the most important religious place and pilgrim centre for Hindus.
Mythological the legendary city of Dwarka is believed to have been established by Lord
Sri Krishna after he left Mathura. Dwarka is one of the seven sacred cities of India as

1 Chardham consists of 4 sacred Hindu pilgrimage centres – one in north, south, east and western parts of India.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 2

well as one of the chardhams set up by Adi Shankaracharya in 8th Century CE (Rao,
1999).

The city has its pilgrimage importance due to the old Dwarkadhish Temple built in 6th - 7th
century CE. The city was under the Hindu rulers till 11th century CE. It was in the year
1241 CE when Mohammad Shah attacked Dwarka. The British ruled in the region in the
late 17th century CE when Okha was a thriving port for trade between India and other
parts of the world (Rao, 1999).

The territory of Okha Mandal of which Dwarka is headquarters was handed over in the
year 1817 CE by the British to the Gaekwad Rulers of Vadodara. This remained in their
possession till the merger of the erstwhile Baroda State with the Republic of India in the
year 1949 CE. It was included in Jamnagar district in 1959 (Government of Gujarat,
1970). The disjointed teritory of the Gaekwad from 1850 to 1947 is indicated in Map 2.

Map 2 Map of Baroda State

Source: (Joshi, 1992)

Bet Dwarka
Bet Dwarka is an island 3 km off the coast of Okha city. The island is a pilgrim centre with
Dwarkadhish Temple as the major centre of attraction with Shankhodhar, Rattan and
Ranchhod Lake surrounding the temple. Bet Dwarka houses the Dwarkadhish Haveli
associated as a pleasure residence of Lord Krishna. It is also believed that the submerged
remains of the mythological Dwarka city lies along the coast of the present day Bet Dwarka.

Bet Dwarka is rich in marine resources such as the conch shell, which possibly attracted
the early man to inhabit this island. Early historic settlement remains have been located
on the island which may be dated back to 3rd century BCE on the basis of a potsherd
inscribed with 'Nandakasa' in the Mauryan Brahmi script. Onshore and offshore

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 3

explorations in and around Bet Dwarka have yielded a large number of antiquities of late
Harappan periods which include pottery, a seal, coins, etc. (Rao, 1999)

As per mythological beliefs, Bet Dwarka was leisure place of Lord Krishna. Shankhodhar
(another name for the island) is mentioned for the first time in Bhagwatapurana and
Skanda purana – Dvarkamahatmya. The temple of Adinarayana at Bet Dwarka is
believed to have been built on the Buddhist stupa mound but this cannot be verified now.
Near to the temple of Adinarayana is a cave in dilapidated condition. It might have been
a Buddhist cave as studied by its architecture (Rao, 1999).

Map 3 Historic map of Bet Dwarka locating various structures in the city and the river

Source: Baroda State from 1850 – 1947 (Joshi, 1992)

2.2. Regional setting

Dwarka lies at 20.22' North and 69.05' East geographical coordinates in the Saurashtra
sub-region of Gujarat state. The city is located on the western shore of Okha Mandal
Peninsula at the estuary of the Gomti River. Bet Dwarka is located 30 km north of
Dwarka. Located on the tip of the western India, it marks the entry to the Arabian Sea
and Gulf of Kutch and hence, has served as a major port in the earlier centuries.

Dwarka is in close proximity with the International Naval Border between India and
Pakistan and hence, is in strategically important geo-political region for India. The city
also sites INS Dwarka – a forward outpost of the Indian Navy (Indian Navy, 2016),
examining the Okha Port and an Indian Air force base in Jamnagar – around 130 km

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 4

away. Dwarka and Bet Dwarka are connected to major cities of Gujarat via Road, Rail
and Airways.

Map.4 Regional Setting of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka

Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC

Roadways: State Highway 6A and district roads link Dwarka to the other cities and
villages of Gujarat. There are around 80 departures of Gujarat State Road Transport
Corporation (GSRTC) buses daily from the bus stand at Dwarka (Vyas & Magra, 2015).

Railways: Dwarka is connected to the rest of the country through a broad gauge railway
line. The Dwarka Railway Station is located 1.5 km from the main city. The nearest
station to visit Bet Dwarka is Okha located 12 km away from Bet Dwarka.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 5

Airways: The city does not have an airport and the nearest airports located are in
Rajkot, Jamnagar and Porbandar.

Waterways: Being an island, Bet Dwarka can only be accessed via the waterways.
There are private boats that carry visitors from Okha port to Bet Dwarka.

2.3. Physiography and Climate

Geography: Dwarka lies at the mouth of the Gulf of Kutch, on the western shore of the
Okha Mandal Peninsula. It lies on right bank of the Gomti River which rises from the Bhavda
village. Bet Dwarka is an inhabited island at mouth of Gulf of Kutch situated 3 km of the
coast of Okha, Gujarat, India. The island is measured northwest to southeast in 13 km with
an average 4 km in east-west direction. It is a strip of sand and stone situated 30 km north of
town of Dwarka. Okha, Mithapur, Jamnagar, Shivrajpur are the most adjacent geographical
neighbours of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka.

Physiography: The entire region of Dwarka has a rock bed of calcareous sandstone. The
stone available is used for construction due to its ease in dressing and carving. The city has
yellow limestone and earthy, marshy or clayey beds, partly gypsum with iron stained harder
bands (Kulkarni, 1985) which is used in the construction of historic buildings in Dwarka and
Bet Dwarka. Most of the land in Dwarka city and its surroundings are less fertile due to high
soil salinity. The region of Okha Mandal (including both Dwarka and Bet- Dwarka) come
under Seismic Zone –IV. The coastal belt of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka attracts dynamic
changes throughout the year in its marine and micro climate. Dwarka has regular changes in
currents which makes it prone to high tides and attracts various marine lives to the shore.
The complete belt lives up with establishment of corals and blue water between October and
January every year.

Climate: Dwarka has a subtropical desert/ low-latitude arid hot climate. The city is prone to
cyclones and high wind currents due to its geographic location. The average annual rainfall
is 310 millimetres, spread over a rainy period of 29 days with rainfall limited to the months of
June to September; the average maximum temperature is 31°C and an average minimum
temperature is 15°C .The average annual relative humidity is high throughout the year with
72 to 80 percent.

2.4. Forest and Bio diversity

Environment and Forests: Marine National Park Gujarat
The Marine Sanctuary and Marine National Park were established in 1980 and 1982,
respectively under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 for the protection of
threatened marine flora and fauna in the area. The Marine Sanctuary covers an area of 270
sqkm and the core area within – Marine National Park is spread over 110 sqkm. Intertidal
zones along with 42 islands in the Jamnagar, Dev Bhumi Dwarka and Morbi districts have
also been included in the marine protected areas. Some of the islands are Pirotan,
Karubhar, Narara, and Poshitra (Gujarat Marine National Park and Marine Sanctuary
conservation society, 2011).

Colourful coral reefs, mangrove swamp forests, mudflats etc. form the landscape of the
shallow waters of the Marine National Park. These plants prevent the land based predators
from penetrating and also provide shelter to the birds for nesting and roosting purposes.

During the monsoon season, 30 different species of migratory birds make their home
among the mangrove forests. This marine national park is of great significance in terms
of its bio diversity both flora and fauna.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 6

 Map 5 Location of Marine national Park

Source: Marine National Park - Forests and Environment Department

2.5. Administration
Devbhumi Dwarka is one of the 29 districts of Gujarat and is divided into 2 sub divisions –
Dwarka and Khambhaliya. Dwarka is further sub-divided in Kalyanpur and Dwarka Talukas
and Khambhaliya Sub Division is divided into Khambhaliya and Bhanvad Talukas. Dwarka
Municipality and Okha Municipality (including Bet Dwarka Island) come under the Dwarka
Sub Division (Government of Gujarat, 2016).

Dwarka is a C class municipality whereas Bet Dwarka is one of the administrative zones of
the neighbouring C class Okha Municipality. These municipalities provide services as
mandated under the Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1963. The municipalities are guided by
mayors and a body of elected councillors from each of the wards while the executive wings
headed by the chief officers oversee implementation of projects and O&M.

The provision of capital infrastructure for water supply and Sewerage is supported by the
Gujarat State Water Supply and Sewerage Board (GWSSB). The electricity supply is
provided by the Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB).

The temple administration in Dwarkadhish Temple in Dwarka and Dwarkadhish Haveli in

Bet Dwarka are managed by private trusts. The Dwarka Devasthan Samiti and Bet
Dwarka Devasthan Samiti are headed by separate heads. The Dwarkadhish temple
complex also sites Sharda Trust Math (Sharda Pith), which is one of the 4 cardinal maths
of India headed by Shri Shankaracharya. Within the city there are various religious
establishments which are under the direct control and ownership of this Devasthan
Samiti.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 7

 2.6. Area, demography and economy
Dwarka city is spread over an area of 42.07 sqkm and it houses a population of 38,000
as per the census 2011. Bet Dwarka is a small island and is part of the Okha town and is
spread over an area of 4.39 sqkm and has a population of 7,177 as per the census 2011.
The predominant economic base of the resident of Dwarka is based on tourism related
activities. The residents are involved in hospitality business such as hotels, restaurants,
dharmashalas, home stays etc. With a large tourist inflow of almost 18 lakh per annum,
the hospitality business grosses the maximum earning; approximately 80% of the city’s
revenues and is being the major economic source to the city.

Another major economic activity for the people in Dwarka is fishing. There exists a small
settlement of fishermen on the fringes of the city near Rupen Bandar who are involved in
the fish export who are involved in the fish export. The other activity on which the
economy of the town is based is done by the Ahir community, the descendants of the
Yadavas and are traditionally gwalas - involved in cow herding and agriculture. The
brahmins in Dwarka earn their livelihood through performing religious rituals at the Gomti
Ghats, Dwarkadhish temple and other places of worship.

A large part of the population on Bet Dwarka is engaged in fishing and other tertiary
activities related to tourism. A major part of the community of Bet Dwarka is involved in
transportation of tourists and goods from Okha jetty to Bet Dwarka jetty as it is the only
mode of transport available.

Map.6 Base map of Dwarka

Source: Urban Management Centre

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 8

 2.7. Tourism footfall and infrastructure
Tourism is typically categorised into broadly three types – religious, business and leisure
tourism. Dwarka and Bet Dwarka are largely associated with the religious tourism and
recreational activities. When pilgrims visit the Dwarkadhish temple in Dwarka, they also
visit nearby places such as Bet Dwarka where there are mythological references of Lord
Krishna’s residence,
 Nageshwar (temple of Lord Shiva)
 Miyani (temple of Shri Harsiddhi Mata)
 Mul Dwarka and
 Sudama temple.

Most visitors to Dwarka visit nearby places of religious importance such as Bet Dwarka,
Nageshwar which sites a temple of Lord Shiva, Miyani which sites the temple of Shri
Harsiddhi Mata, Mul Dwarka and Sudama temple.

As per the data from the Tourist Footfall Information System (TFIS) published by the
Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Ltd. there are approximately 18 to 19 lakh visitors who
come to Dwarka annually and as per the circuit mentioned above, almost 90% of visitors
coming to Dwarka visit Bet Dwarka depending upon the weather conditions at a given
time of visit. The flow of tourists varies seasonally as per the Hindu calendar. The most
important months, during which Dwarka is flooded with pilgrims are July, August,
October, November and December, being Shravan Mahina, Janmashtami and Diwali
successively. The following statistics show the tourist footfall data of Dwarka as
registered in the 2013-2014.

Table 1 Inflow of tourist in Dwarka

Year Tourists(lakh) Daytime visitors(lakh) Total Flow (lakh)
2011-2012 14.36 18.50 33.86
2012-2013 17.70 18.50 37.20
2013-2014 18.44 20.50 39.94
Source: TFIS data 2013-2014

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 9

 Map 7 Tourist destinations in Dwarka

Dwarka and Bet Dwarka have historical, architectural, and religious significance. It is
important to include both places in the preparation of the City HRIDAY plan with a
horizon of 20 years span. Gujarat Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organisation (GITCO)
defines tourists as those who spend atleast one night at a given destination, whereas
visitors as those who visit the destination but do not stay overnight.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 10

3. Appraisal of Listed Heritage, Recognised Tourist
and Cultural Assets of the City
3.1. Introduction
Dwarka has a history that dates back to mythological periods. The city has heritage assets in
form of temples, dharmashalas, kunds, talavs and havelis dedicated to Krishna. The city
houses monuments that are of national importance. The Dwarkadhish Temple complex was
notified as a building of national importance on May 24, 1964 under the ‘Ancient Monuments
and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958’ along with Rukshmani Temple and
Kshatrapa Inscriptions.

Map 8 Location of ASI protected structures in Dwarka

Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC (left); UMC (right)

There are no monuments or sites protected by the State Department of Archaeology,

Government of Gujarat (GoG). Apart from the protected heritage assets, both Dwarka and
Bet Dwarka have other structures of heritage importance. UMC conducted a primary survey
of Dwarka municipal area and Bet Dwarka Island and identified 44 such structures. The
structures have historic, architectural, religious and cultural significance. This chapter
appraises the tangible and intangible heritage assets of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka.

3.1.1. Listing of heritage structures in Dwarka

The HCA conducted a street-to-street survey of Dwarka Municipality and Bet Dwarka Island
in Okha Municipality in June 2015. During the survey, the team documented 36 heritage
structures in Dwarka and 8 heritage structures in Bet Dwarka. The identified structures
include historic structures and other elements such as vavs (stepwells), bird feeders,
obelisks, kunds, temples, residences and dharmashalas. The survey format captured the
information including name of the building, its period of construction, building ownership,
occupancy details, significance of the structure (architectural, religious, socio-cultural,
environmental and archaeological), past and current use of the structure, existing condition
of the structure, extent of modifications to the original structure, building height, material
used in its construction and architectural ornamentation of the structure.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 11

 Map 9 Heritage structures identified by UMC through a primary survey in Dwarka

Source: Primary Survey by Urban Management Centre, 2015

Heritage structures identified on site in Dwarka during the heritage survey

1. Grave of Captain Marriot

The grave of Captain Marriot is situated near the Karwa Darwaza outside the city walls, on
the Jawahar Road near Teen Batti Chowk. The grave is laid in the premises of the temple
known as historical temple of Mulubha Manek. The grave was constructed around 1825 CE.
The grave has a historic and associational significance related with Captain Marriot – a
British officer who died in 1820 CE during the war with the Waghela rulers who lived in the
area while he was trying to capture Dwarka. The grave has an old inscription that describes
the incident of the war engraved in white marble. The structure has been built over and the
grave lies in dilapidated condition. The temple walls describe the history of Waghers of Okha
Mandal and war that was held between Waghers and Captain Marriot. The structure lies
unidentified and neglected with no signage and information for the local tourists about the
structure.

Figure 1 Grave of Captain Marriot

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 12

2. Grave of Alice
The grave lies in the premises of Mamlatdar Office’s compound, behind Toran Hotel. The
grave was built by Sir Connell Shib Thappe who was a resident major in Dwarka. The area
was ruled by Sayaji Rao Gaekwad but in order to control the warriors and the local people
appointed British officers by Sir Connell Shib Thappe was one of them. The grave belongs to
his nine months old daughter who died and was buried here. The grave is square in plan
with a cross in the centre. The borders of the grave are beautifully ornamented with floral
patterns and inscriptions describing the historic significance of the grave. The grave currently
lies unidentified in the premises of the complex needs and required restoration and an
information panel describing the significance of the structure.

Figure 2 Grave of Alice

3. Sindhu Sadan
The building historically was a palace constructed by Seth Shri Purshottam Vishram Mavaji
in 1904 CE. The palace is located near the Siddhnath Mahadev Temple on the way to
Gayatri Mandir and presently houses a primary school. The palace is one of the finest
building in its architecture and planning. The structure has a mix of colonial and traditional
architectural elements. The building has a garden and a paved court in front of it.

Figure 3 Sindhu Sadan, Dwarka

4. Vegetable market
The building is situated at prominent junction in the city. The building is a colonial structure
built by Sayaji Rao Gaekwad in the year 1818 CE. The building is rectangular in plan with a
sloping roof supported on a wooden truss and the walls are constructed using a local stone
called the Bela Stone. The building has colonial architectural elements with oriel windows
and flying wings on the west side. Inside the structure, platforms were designed as

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 13

vegetable stalls with storage underneath the stall. The structure is owned by Dwarka
Municipality and houses a vegetable market and serves as a departure point for city tour bus
operated by the municipality.

Figure 4 Vegetable Market Square

5. Jampar Ni Haveli
The haveli is situated near the Vegetable Market Square towards Samudra Narayan Temple.
The haveli was constructed by Jam Vibhaji in 1890 CE. The haveli houses a Krishna
Temple, other smaller temples of Ganesh and Hanuman, and rooms use as residences. The
haveli a rectangular plan type with Krishna temple. The building is constructed in traditional
architectural style with elements including jharokhas and motifs of Hindu Gods.

Figure 5 Jampar-ni Haveli

6. New Ramwadi Temple

The temple is located near the Siddnath Mahadev Temple. The structure sits on a high plinth
accessed through a large entrance gateway. The gateway houses a room and residences as
the compound wall. The building has been renovated over the years. A temple sits in the
courtyard with a circumabulatory path around it and is ornated with elephant motifs. The
priest’s residence is located within the temple complex with a separate entrance.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 14

 Figure 6 New Ramwadi Temple

7. Old Ramwadi Temple

The temple is situated on the street leading to New Ramwadi Temple from Siddhnath
Mahadev. The building has been constructed in traditional architecture using local stone with
elements and ornamentation similar to other temples in the region. The temple sits on a
plinth and comprises of a garbhagriha with a nagarshikhara over it and an antaral covered
with a dome.

Figure 7 Old Ramwadi

8. Siddhnath Mahadev Temple

The temple is situated near Gomti Ghat on the street connecting Jagat Mandir and Samudra
Narayan Temple. The main temple is a Dakshina Murti Shiva Temple and comprises of a
garbhagriha with a shikhara on top and has a mandap in front with a dome roof. The temple
was constructed in 1782 CE. As per local folklore, Nana Sahib Peshwa hid from the British in
this temple during the mutiny in 1857. The locals fondly call it as Nana Sahib na Dharokho.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 15

 Figure 8 Siddhnath temple

Dwarka has many more structures of religious, historic and architectural significance. Details
of other structures has been provided in Annexure 2.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 16

 Figure 9 Examples of heritage structures in Dwarka

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 17

 3.1.2. Listing of heritage structures in Bet Dwarka
There are no national or state protected monuments in Bet Dwarka. UMC identified 8
structures of heritage importance in Bet Dwarka during the survey conducted in June
2015. Some of them have been presented below.

Dwarkadhish Temple, Bet Dwarka

It is believed that Lord Krishna stayed at Bet Dwarka with his wife to save himself from
scorching heat. The Dwarkadhish Temple has a large gold plated statue of Lord Krishna.
Regular prayers are offered every morning and evening at the temple (Government of
Gujarat, 1970).

Bet Dwarka has other structures of religious significance including Jain temples, Shri
Keshavraiji Temple and Dargah of Sharif Hazrat Ruksan Shah Pir. In addition to temples
and the dargah, the island has many lakes, some of which are of heritage significance
where religious rituals are performed by the pilgrims.

Figure 10 Examples of Heritage structures across Bet Dwarka

Map 10 Heritage structures identified by UMC through a primary survey in Bet Dwarka

Source: Primary Survey by Urban Management Centre, 2015

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 18

 3.1.3. Protected monuments in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka
Dwarka has three heritage assets protected by the ASI in Dwarka. A brief description of
each has been provided below.

a. Dwarkadhish Group of Temples

This is the main temple complex in Dwarka. The temple complex contains the main Jagat
Mandir and nine subsidiary shrines enclosed by a compound wall. The temple complex of
Dwarkadhish is in the oldest part of Dwarka city. It has two entrances, one in the north
(called ‘Mokshadwar’) and the other from south (called ‘Swargadwar’). To the immediate
north is the access road which extends into the temple market. To the east is the adjoining
Sharda Pith – an ancient monastery founded by the Adi Shankaracharya. To the west are
private residential properties. The Gomti River, lined with ghats, flows to the south of the
temple. The path from the temple complex to the ghats is lined by other temples, kunds and
shops. Some of the temples along the Gomti Ghat are of architectural and religious
importance. At the western end of the Gomti Ghat is the Samudra Narayan Temple. On the
southern bank of the Gomti River lies the Panchkui Island. On this island, there are five
wells of fresh water and are considered holy (Archeological Survey of India, 2011).

Figure 11 ASI protected heritage structures in Dwarka

Archaeological Significance
Dwarka city has significant inland as well as marine archaeological remains. Research and
excavation in and around Dwarka has revealed many layers of history. The existing Dwarka
city is believed to be the 7th habited city on that site. Remains of other six cities have been
found. Excavations in front of the temple complex have confirmed this. Remains were found
right from the depth of 3 feet (Gaur, Tripati, & Tripati, 2005).

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 19

 Map 11 Site location for archaeological findings

Source: (The Lost City of Dvaraka, 1999)

Table 2 Layers of buried Dwarka

Layer of
Estimated year of
Excavated Findings
civilization
City
7 Existing 15/ 16th Century CE
Foundation of a structure, remains of many sea
6 1850 CE
shells. Speculated to be a shell shop.
Stone foundation of a house, beautiful articles made
5 500 CE to 600 CE
of ivory and clay toys
Foundation of a house, red and black utensils,
4 coloured glass bangles, glazed porcelain utensils 300 CE to 500 CE
(speculated to be of Iranian origin)
Pinnacle or shikhara of a Krishna temple (also
3 -
mentioned in document of Harivanshgranth)
House foundation, clay utensils, and glossy red clay
2 utensils. Stone pitchers used for storing liquor 50 BCE to 300 CE
(Roman origin)
1 Dwarka engulfed by sea Before 50 BCE
Source: (The Lost City of Dvaraka, 1999)

Marine Archaeological Excavations

Dwarka was the first site in India where marine archaeological exploration commenced
and investigations continued for almost two decades. It brought to light a large number of
stone structures, which are semi-circular, rectangular and square in shape in water depth
ranging from inter tidal zone to 6 m. These findings suggest that Dwarka was one of the
busiest port towns on the west coast of India. Several semi-circular and rectangular
blocks were found along with stone anchors (Gaur, Tripati, & Tripati, 2005).

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 20

The marine archaeological findings are located close to the study area. Hence any
efforts for reclamation of sea, sand dredging and discharge of solid and liquid waste into
the sea pose a threat to these. The marine archaeological remains need to be protected
and regulations have to be laid for the same.

The marine archaeological excavations give a scope for scuba diving and under water
tourism activities at certain sections of the area, keeping in mind it does not impact the
marine life.

Figure 12 Archeological remains off the coast of Dwarka

Source: (The Lost City of Dvaraka, 1999)

Architectural Significance
This temple of Dwarkadhish is ornate, exquisite, majestic and one of the most imposing
structures of Hindu architecture in Gujarat. Eighty-four feet long multi-coloured flag
decorated with the symbols of the sun and moon waves from the temple dome
(Dwarkadhish Temple, 2016).

The temple when measured on the plan is 27.35 by 21.3 m. The mandapa of the temple
made up of 60 pillars rises to five storeys and is open on all sides. The temple has a high
conical shikhara. The pyramidal roof of the mandapa is adorned with a series of tiny bell

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 21

shaped domes. The exterior façade and the shikhara of the temple are profusely carved as
compared to the interiors of the temple which are plain. (Archaeological Survey of India, nd).

The temple complex has two main gates for entrance. The one on the southern side is
known as ‘Swargadwar’ and is accessible by 56 steps from Gomti River. The northern
gate is known as ‘Mokshadwar’. This entrance leads to the main market.

Figure 13 Entrance (Swargadwar) of Dwarkadhish Temple Complex

Figure 14 Dwarkadhish temple is located at the axis of Gomti River and Sea

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 22

Location and planning of the temple
The Dwarkadhish temple has a typical Hindu temple plan as well as built form. It has a
sanctum, vestibule and a rectangular hall with porches on three sides. The whole
structure is made of sandstone. The shikharas, columns and all the structural elements
are intricately carved. The pinnacle of the shikhara depicting kalash (pot) is replicated in
many of the other temples of Dwarka. Externally the body of the temple and the spire are
profusely carved from base to pinnacle, but internally they are characterized by
excessive plainness and simplicity of style. The shrine is elaborately ornamented
(Government of Gujarat, 1970).

Figure 15 Architectural ornamentation on “Mandapa”

The gigantic built character of the monument, the axis of the temple complex and
articulation of building elements are features that make the monument special and
architecturally significant. These features can be preserved and enhanced only by
regulating the surrounding areas so that the axis is maintained of visibility of monument is
increased.

Socio-Cultural Significance
Being the seat of the great Lord Krishna, the temple and the city as such holds a great
value to the Hindu religion. In the case of Dwarka, the city witnesses a total of 18 lakh
visitors annually and a high flow of tourists on more than 215 days per year.

During festivals, there are more than 45,000 visitors per day. This adds to the existing
strain on municipal infrastructure. The temple is open to devotees from 0630 hours to
1300 hours and from 1700 hours to 2130 hours everyday. During this time various rituals
like uthhapan, arti, sringar, bhog, darshan, etc. take place (Shree Dwarkadhish Mandir
Devasthan Samiti, 2015). In the temple complex people can be observed singing
devotional songs in groups, dancing the traditional garba, chanting, distributing prasad
and performing religious rituals.

b. Rukshmani Temple
This Rukshmani Temple is dedicated to Rukshmani, the wife of Krishna. According to a
mythological legend, she was cursed by a saint that she would be away from her
husband. It is believed that due to the curse, the temple dedicated to her too was
constructed outside the city of Dwarka – 2 km away from Dwarkadhish Temple. As per
archaeological findings, the temple was built in 6th century BCE. It comprises of
garbhagriha measuring 12 x 12 feet, an agudmandapa and a shringarchowki. Its
shikhara rises to a height of 32 feet.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 23

 Figure 16 Rukshmani temple and surroundings

c. Kshatrapa Inscriptions
During digging of a lake, an inscription was found in 1874 CE in Mulvasar village,
situated around 12 km away from Dwarka. The inscription in original Brahmilipi – an
ancient script which appeared in India in the 5th century BCE (Brahmi, 2012). This is
currently kept in the public library building of Dwarka (Gokani, 1973).

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 24

 3.2. Appraisal of Tangible Assets
Tangible heritage in Dwarka include buildings and historic complexes, monuments, artefacts,
etc., which are considered worthy of preservation for the future generations. These include
artefacts and other excavated objects significant as a part of archaeology, architecture, and
religious studies conducted in Dwarka. Heritage sites in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka are
deteriorating at a rapid rate because of natural factors such as ageing, natural calamities,
water seepage, but also due to uncontrolled vegetation growth and urban pressure.

A detailed assessment of the tangible heritage assets has been undertaken in this section.
The first part of this section appraises the protected assets while the second part appraises
the unprotected heritage.

The following sections present a preliminary analysis of the heritage structures identified by
UMC in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka. A total of 44 structures have been identified. The analysis
is conducted based on parameters such as significance, architectural style, period of
construction, condition of the structure, ownership & occupancy of the building and use of
the building.

Heritage significance
The significance of the structure defines it heritage character. While identifying heritage
structures in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka, UMC documented their significance as architectural,
historic, archaeological, socio cultural and environmental. Out of a total 44 structures, 29
have architectural significance – in many cases in addition to religious and historical
significance. Eighteen structures were found to have religious significance along with
historical and socio-cultural significance.

Figure 17 Significance of identified heritage structures

Source: Primary Survey by Urban Management Centre, 2015

Architectural style and period of construction

The temples are built in Nagar style of architecture with curvilinear spires which is seen in
the temples of western India. Most of the heritage structures that include the temple like the
Dwarkadhish and Rukshmani were built in 6th or 7th century CE. Most of the temples have
been repaired and renovated by the ruling kings after that. There are some mosques and the
tombs built during the Gujarat Sultanate and Mughal rule in the region.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 25

The other prominent architectural style is the colonial style used primarily during the British
and Maratha period. These colonial structures include the public buildings, residences and
structures owned by temple trusts.

Figure 18 Buildings in colonial style of architecture in Dwarka

Source: Primary Survey by Urban Management Centre, 2015

Condition of building
Heritage sites and structures in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka are under threat due to natural
deterioration. There are temples, mosques and water bodies lying in a dilapidated condition.
Around 11 percent structures are under serious threat of deterioration. These heritage
structures require immediate repair and restoration to avoid their complete loss. More than
50 percent of the listed heritage structures in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka show some signs of
deterioration due to ageing, water seepage, vandalism, neglect and urban pressure.

Figure 19 Dilapidated condition of heritage structures in Dwarka

Ownership and occupancy

Around 55 percent heritage sites and structures identified in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka include
temple complexes and mosques. Dwarkadhish Temple in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka are
owned by their respective temple administration. Nearly 38 percent heritage sites are owned
by private trusts while about 26 percent are under private single ownership. Around 17
percent structures are owned by the respective municipalities. Around 11 percent are owned
by multiple owners where parts of the structure are maintained by the respective owners
while the rest lie neglected.

Use of the building

More than 50 percent of the listed heritage buildings are used as commercial spaces
including dharamshalas and hotels. Another 32 percent are used places of worship while 6
percent are traditional residential structures and institutional buildings each. Around 3
percent structures have been abandoned and are under serious threat of delapidation.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 26

 3.3. Appraisal of Intangible Heritage
Dwarka and Bet Dwarka embody the values of traditional culture – both tangible and
intangible and host traditional, religious and spiritual activities practiced towards Lord
Krishna. These activities includes the aartis performed throughout the day in the temple
accompanied with bhogs (offerings) offered to Lord Krishna that invites large number of
pilgrims to Dwarka. The other intangibles are the spiritual paths walked by the pilgrims
as a part of parikrama in the city, local handicrafts, folklores in form of music and dance
associated with Lord Krishna passed on orally from the past. Another significant form of
art practiced is the Rayka art by the local community. These intangible arts and practices
have been discussed below.

Religious and spiritual activities

The city has a large tourist footfall on the important religious days like Janmastami (birth day
of Lord Krishna), Tulsi-Vivaha, Jal Yatra, Rath Yatra, Jiladan Utsav, etc. According to the
traditions, the main idol in Jagat Temple is decorated with flowers and fruits on these days
(Dwarkadhish.org, 2008).

The religious activities are practiced by the local and the visiting population and are assisted
by the local priests who perform puja (prayers), aartis (songs of worship) and other
ceremonies at the temples and the Gomti Ghat. These activities are performed many times
daily at fixed times. There is Mangala Aarti in the morning followed by Abhishek, Snan Bhog,
Aarti Bhog, Aarti Darshan, Madhyanh Bhog, Raj Bhog and Shayan Aarti in the night. Large
crowds emerge at theses aartis and is managed by the Devasthan Samiti.

Figure 20 Aarti being performed at Dwarkadhish Temple

Procession Paths
The visitors in the city walk along the historic procession paths/ pilgrim routes leading to the
Dwarkadhish temple and connecting Kaklash Kund and Rukshmani Temple. The procession
path is dotted with the historic temples, shrines and residences – many of which are
historically significant. These paths have become the main arteries of the old core of Dwarka
and face commercial pressure. The city needs a conservation plan for these procession
paths to regulate development, provide street furniture and other infrastructure facilities.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 27

Traditional Rayka Folk Art
The style of Rayka art differs from across the regions and time period in Gujarat. In
Dwarka region, it is practiced by the Rabari community and is famous for its embroidery,
bead work, block printing and mud work. The art depicts religious forms, social structure
and cultural identity of the region through cloth embroidery, wall paintings, canvas
paintings and bead work. Some of the products donning the art include pillow covers,
bed sheets, decorative torans and decorative showpieces.

There are an estimated 300 to 350 households practicing Rayka art in Dwarka and an
NGO procures, markets and sells the products. The work is majorly practiced by the
women using natural colors only, cotton threads and mirrors. Use of Ryka art is declining
and fewer families are now practicing it. The growth of this small scale home based art is
small and profits are shared between the artisans and the NGO. The government should
promote the art by facilitating sale of products beyond Dwarka and by initiating training of
artisans.
Figure 21 Rituals at Gomti Ghat (left); Procession through the streets of Dwarka (right)

Figure 22 Rayka art of Dwarka

Folklores associated with Lord Krishna

People in Dwarka tell many mythological tales about Lord Krishna. Glimpses of these
tales can be seen in different forms of music, dance, dramas, literature, art, linguistics
and philosophy. These myths form a significant part of religious beliefs and should be
documented at the earliest.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation’s (UNESCO) Convention for
the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage is an important tool to identify, document
and promote intangible heritage. The convention identifies the following as manifestation of
intangible cultural heritage (UNESCO, 2003)
a) Oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible
cultural heritage

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 28

 b) Performing arts
c) Social practices, rituals and festive events
d) Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe
e) Traditional craftsmanship

Intangible heritage identified in Dwarka includes most of the above manifestations. The
convention also recommends the following
i. Adopt a general policy integrating the safeguarding of such heritage into planning
programmes
ii. Foster scientific, technical and artistic studies to safeguard the intangible cultural
heritage
iii. Create or strengthen institutions for training in the management, promotion
iv. Improve access to the intangible cultural heritage while respecting customary
practices
v. Document intangible cultural heritage and facilitate their access
vi. Create awareness about the intangible heritage
vii. Build capacity of artisans

As the HCA, we too recommend undertaking the above activities for conservation of the
intangible heritage.

3.4. Mapping of the Assets

UMC team used an android based app ‘UMC CityCollect’ for field level data collection
including geo-tagging of heritage structures. All heritage structures documented in Dwarka
and Bet Dwarka have been shown in the map below.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 29

 Map 12 Mapping of heritage structures in Dwarka

Source: Primary Survey by Urban Management Centre, 2015

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 30

 Map 13 Mapping of Heritage structures in Bet Dwarka

Source: Primary Survey by Urban Management Centre, 2015

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 31

 3.5. About the existing and the past conservation
initiatives in Dwarka
There have been efforts of conservation of heritage structures in the past by various
stakeholders including the ASI, Dwarka Municipality, Devasthan Samiti, Tourism Corporation
of Gujarat Limited (TCGL) and Gujarat Pavitra Yatradham Vikas Board (GPYVB).
Conservation efforts by each of the organisation have been discussed in this section.

3.5.1. Repair works carried out by ASI

ASI has restored and repaired the Dwarkadhish and Rukshmani Temples in the recent
years. The conservation works included repair of cracks, restoring loose masonry, repair
of lintels and restoration of chajjas. These works have been carried out post the
earthquake in 2002 in Kutch, Gujarat. Figure 23 Excavated plinth of Vishnu Temple
In the year 1979 CE, during
demolition of the existing police
station to construct the Mamlatdar
Office in the forecourt of the temple,
plinth of a Vishnu Temple dating back
to the 9th century CE was discovered
(Rao, 1999, p. 33). Post the
discovery, ASI conducted excavation
and preserved the remains and the
Mamlatdar Office and the police
station were relocated. ASI made
provisions for public facilities like
drinking water, shoes storage spaces
and public toilets in the forecourt of
the temple complex. Source: (Rao, 1999, p. 76)

3.5.2. Development by Devsthan Samiti, Dwarkadhish Temple

With permission of ASI, the Devsthan Samiti (with funding support from Reliance
Industries Limited) added the administrative office and library in the protected area south
of the main temple. The construction was done in a manner where these additions were
incorporated forming the base or the plinth of the temple site.

Figure 24 Repairs carried out by ASI before and after

ASI in association with National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) conducted marine

excavations undertaken up to a depth of 40 feet below the level of the present town. The
excavation revealed presence of various layers of structural remains intercepted with layers
of sand, silt, etc. lime-stone blocks used in house floors and walls. Fragments of pottery
were also discovered indicating that Dwarka was inhabited before the Christian era, probably
on an island formed by the waters of the Gomti River surrounding the present site of Dwarka
(Government of Gujarat, 1970).

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 32

 3.5.3. Projects undertaken by TCGL and GPYVB
TCGL and GPYVB implemented several projects in Dwarka, primarily for improvement of
tourist facilities. These include i) Development of new Gomti Ghat including development
of parking facilities, Kirti Stambh, entrance gate and new approach road, ii) Development
of Marine Drive from Samudra Narayan temple to the light house, iii) Development of
Kaklash Kund, and iv) Development of Ravala Kund. Most of these projects have either
been completed or are nearing completion.

The works done by TCGL and GPYVB have provided better facilities for the visitors and
residents of Dwarka. A few components of some of the projects have not shown due
consideration to the heritage conservation principles. For example, while redeveloping
Kaklash Kund, TCGL and GPYVB have cladded the steps of the tank with sand stone.
However, at several original vertical surfaces of the steps, idols were carved. The
cladding appears to be insensitive towards the carvings.

Figure 25 Development of Kaklash Kund by TCGL

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 33

 3.5.4. Development of a City Museum by Department of Museums,
GoG
The Department of Museums, GoG is constructing a city museum in Dwarka. The museum
will house a section mythological inheritance of the city, information about marine
archaeological assets of the Dwarka, library and space for cultural display.

Figure 26 Under construction museum in Dwarka

3.5.5. Conservation by Dwarka Municipality

Dwarka Municipality owns the Vegetable Market building in Dwarka. The building was built in
colonial architectural style in the early 20th century and has heritage value. Dwarka
Municipality has rented space in the building to local vegetable vendors. In the recent years,
the pitched roof of the building (supported on wooden truss and covered with clay tiles) has
shown signs of decay. The municipality had approved demonition of the building and
proposed construction of a market complex cum community hall with basement parking
provisions. As of January 2016, the District Administration has stalled the municipality’s
proposal to demolish and have recommended implementation of the project proposed under
HRIDAY at the site.

Figure 27 Vegetable market in Dwarka

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 34

 3.5.6. Conservation by private owners and trusts
There several structures of heritage importance in Dwarka owned by private individuals and
trusts. Many of the structures have been repaired in a manner whereby the architectural
style of the structure has been compromised. Some examples can be seen along the Gomti
Ghat where small temples and shrines built in stone in the Hindu temple architectural style
have been cladded with ceramic tiles.

Figure 28 Temple on Gomti Ghat cladded with ceramic tiles

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 35

4. Review of Existing Initiatives
4.1. Review of Master Plans, CDP, Zonal Plan, Regional
Plan
The first initiative for the preparation of the development plan (DP) for Dwarka was started in
1968 under the Bombay Town Planning Act, 1915. The Draft DP was prepared and
objections and suggestions were invited from the citizens.

It was in year December 1975, the first DP for Dwarka was published on January 21, 1976
by the then Gujarat Housing and Urban Development Department under the Gujarat Town
Planning and Urban Development Act, 1976 (INTACH & Urban Management Centre, 2012).

The first revision of the DP was published in the year 1990 by the Town Planning and
Valuation Department (TPVD), Rajkot. The Second Revision of the DP was prepared by
TPVD, Jamnagar in the year 1999. However, the Second Revised DP 2018 along with
General Development Control Regulation (GDCR) was published in the year 2009.

Map 14 Proposed land use plan, Second Revised Development Plan 2018, Dwarka

Source: (દ્વારકાની બીજી પુનરાવર્તિત ર્વકાસ યોજના 2018 (Dwarka Second Revised Development Plan 2018), 1999)

As per the Second Revised DP 2018, at present only 8.41 percent of the total DP area (4207
hectare) was developed. This is likely to increase up to 27.34 percent by the year 2018.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 36

 Figure 29 Existing and proposed land use break up in Dwarka, Second Revised DP 2018

Source: (Town Planning & Valuation Department, 1999)

The Second Revised DP shows no consideration for improvements in the high density area,
there is lack of the basic infrastructure, lack of recreational space and accommodation in the
gamtal are the major issues in the planned development.

Table 3 Land-use distribution as per Development plan (second revision) 2018.

Existing Proposed
(2008) (2018)
Land use
Sr. no Total area Total area Developed Total area Total area Developed
(Ha) (%) area (%) (Ha) (%) area (%)
1 Residential 180.2 4.3 50.9 409.7 9.7 35.6
2 Commercial 7.4 0.2 2.1 - - -
3 Public – Semi public 39.2 0.9 11.1 39.2 0.9 3.4
A 4 Industrial 35.1 0.8 9.9 119.8 2.9 10.4
5 Transportation 50.2 1.2 14.2 121.8 2.9 10.6
6 Recreational - - - 418.0 9.9 36.3
7 Public utilities & services 41.9 1.0 11.8 41.9 1.0 3.6
A. Total developed area 354.00 8.41 354.0 8.4 100.0 1150.3
9 Water bodies 490.6 11.7 490.6 11.7
10 Agricultural land 1412.3 33.6 2369.7 56.3
B 11 Vacant land 244.6 5.8 - -
12 Vacant land (waste land) 1705.5 40.5 - -
13 Forest - - 196.5 4.7
B. Totalarea 3853.00 91.59 91.6 72.66

Total 4248.89 100 4248.9 100.0 4207.0

Source: (Town Planning & Valuation Department, 1999)

Within the developed area (3.54 sqkm), 53 percent is covered by residential and commercial
activities. About 10 percent is meant for public and semi-public spaces and there are no
recreational spaces as per the DP.

The DP proposes to increase in residential area from 180 ha to 410 ha by the year 2018.
The DP proposes to increase the industrial area three times from the existing 35 ha. Dwarka
is a hub for the commercial activities for the surroundings villages and houses many
commercial establishments including hotels, restaurants and markets. The DP fails to
address rapid increase in commercial area and indicates zero commercial land use in the
city. We assume that since as per the GDCR, it is permitted to build hotels and restaurants
in the residential zones and hence, no separate land use is reserved for the same.

As per the development plan 2018 the vacant land is converted to the recreational use.
Recreational developments are proposed in Dwarka including development of Panchkui
Island. The DP proposes recreational area of more than 400 ha in the city by 2018.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 37

Most of the developed area is in the gamtal. The existing land under transportation is 1.2
percent of the developed area. It is proposed to be increased to 3 percent by 2018 by
constructing roads in the newer development along the periphery of the city. The DP also
suggests interconnecting the internal roads and increasing regional connectivity.

4.2. Existing Policies of Central and State Government

applicable to the city
Dwarka has been listed in three other ongoing missions of the Government of India (GoI).
These are:

1. Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD)

Dwarka is under the PRASAD scheme aims to address lack
of infrastructure such as budget hotels, roads, last mile
connectivity, sewage, hygiene, cleanliness, solid waste
management, lack of awareness and developing a code of
religious etiquettes for religious tourists.

List of identified project in PRASAD are as follows (Minutes

of Meeting convened under the Chairmanship of Managing
Director, TCGL to finalise DPR for funding of Ministry of
Tourism, Government of India for development of Dwarka
under the scheme of PRASAD, 2015):

i. Modification of Dwarkadhish Temple Plan: Provision of

Shoe racks and stands, illumination of the temple and
queue complex based on the suggestions of Adi
Shankaracharya.
ii. Development of Dwarka Haat and Children’s Amusement Park and Samudra Narayan
iii. Development Plan at Rukshmani Temple including developing parking; landscaping
outside temple area; construction of public conveniences (toilet block, drinking water
and ATMs) on reclaimed land; development of food stalls, eating area and shaded
resting areas’; developing area for cultural performances during Navratri including
space for Mela
iv. Development Plan at Railway Station including development of executive lounge;
accommodation; tourist recreation centre; provision of basic public conveniences, water
facility ATM; cloak room
v. Development at Bus Station including development of tourism reception centre;
provision of public conveniences, water facility and ATM; cloakroom
vi. Development Plan at Panchkui Island including public conveniences, tourist recreation
centre and ticketing counter at Sudama Setu
vii. Prepare a plan to control salinity ingress and effect of saline weather/ erosion
viii. Tourist Facilitation Centre near the main entrance of the temple
ix. Water harvesting system/ desalination plan/ bore well for operationalising facilities
developed by TCGL
x. Signage: PAN city for directions and at each of the assets.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 38

2. Swadesh Darshan – scheme for integrated development of theme based
circuits
SWADESH DARSHAN is a scheme to attract international,
national, regional and local tourists to popular destinations.
The scheme is structured around theme based circuit
development namely, Himalayan Circuit, Coastal Circuit,
Krishna Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, Tribal Circuit and North-
East Circuit. There are several components eligible for
financial assistance under this scheme are
i. Development of passenger terminals (road, rail
and water)
ii. Procurement of eco-friendly modes of transport
iii. Improvement of road connectivity leading to
tourist sites/ destinations
iv. Use of clean energy sources for street lighting
v. Slum upgradation
vi. Tourism information/ interpretation centres
vii. Wayside amenities for emergency vehicle
breakdown
viii. Infrastructure provisions for stationing of caravan vehicles
ix. Convention centres, golf courses, aquamarine parks, amusement parks and
theme parks
x. General improvements including earth filling, landscaping, water fountains,
fencing, lighting, pavements/ walkways/ pathways/ driveways, seating, drinking
water points, garbage bins, storm water drainage, sewage treatment facilities
xi. Restoration, conservation, illumination of monuments/ heritage structures
xii. Renewable sources of energy for tourist infrastructure
xiii. Environmental care and access to clean technology
xiv. Parking facilities, toilets, cloak rooms, waiting rooms, etc.
xv. Equipment for tourism activities including sound and light show, water sports, etc.
xvi. Construction of craft haats/ bazaars/ souvenir shops/ cafeterias
xvii. First aid centres
xviii. Helipads, airstrips and ropeways
xix. Shoreline development and rejuvenation of water bodies including lakes & rivers
xx. Improvements in communication systems including telephone, mobile services,
internet connectivity

As of January 2016, Dwarka has not submitted an application to seek funds under this
scheme.

3. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)

AMRUT mission aims to
(i) Ensure that every household has access to a tap with assured supply of water
and a sewerage connection;

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 39

 (ii) Increase the amenity value of cities by
developing greenery and well maintained open
spaces (example, parks); and
(iii) Reduce Pollution By Switching To Public
Transport Or Constructing Facilities For Non-
Motorized Transport (example walking and
cycling). The Mission’s thrust areas include water
supply, sewerage facilities, septage
management, storm water drains, pedestrian
facilities, non-motorized transport, public
transport facilities, parking spaces, and creating
and upgrading green spaces/ parks/ recreation
centres.

Dwarka has submitted its Service Level Improvement Plan

(SLIP) for water supply (INR 60 crore), sewerage (INR 20 crore), storm water drainage (INR
10 crore), green spaces/ parks (INR 10 crore) and urban transport (not prepared yet) with a
request of funds of total INR 100 crore (Service Level Improvement Plans (SLIP) for Water
Supply, Sewerage, Storm Water Drainage, Green Spaces & Parks and Urban Transport for
submission under the AMRUT Scheme, 2015). The SLIP is pending approval for
submission.

In addition to the above schemes, potential sources of funding may include Chardham
Connectivity Project, Zila Ayojan Grant (District Planning Grant), MP/ MLA funds, corporate
social responsibility (CSR) through private companies and public sector undertakings (PSU)
and public private partnership (PPP).

4. Development of infrastructure and tourist facilities at tourist and pilgrimage

destinations under Gujarat Government’s Gatishil Gujarat Mission (ગતિશીલ ગજ ુ રાિ)
As per resolution of the Industries & Mines Department dated on 05-10-2015, Government of
Gujarat will provide a grant of up to INR 20 crore to develop infrastructure and tourist
facilities at tourist and pilgrimage destinations under the Gatishil Gujarat Mission. Resolution
contains the terms & conditions for selection of empaneled architects and project
management consultants for the project (Industries and Mining Department, Government of
Gujarat, 2015). More information about this mission is available at
http://gatishilgujarat.nic.in/.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 40

 4.3. Projects undertaken by ULB on development of the
assets and its surroundings
Existing heritage byelaws for Dwarka
The regulations applicable in the city for the ASI protected heritage structures include the
Dwarkadhish and the Rukshmani temple. As per Ancient Monument and Archaeological
Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010 (AMASR Act 2010) no new
construction is allowed within the prohibited zone (100 meters from the protected
monument) and regulated zone (300 meters from the protected monument) without the
permission of the competent authority of the National Monuments Authority (NMA).
INTACH Gujarat in association with the Urban Management Centre prepared heritage
bye-laws for the prohibited and regulated zones around Dwarkadhish Temple in October
2012.

Heritage byelaws for Prohibited and Regulated Areas and Sub Zones
The exact delineation of the prohibited and regulated zone is done through a total station
survey and photographic documentation. In most of the study area the coastal
regulations and the local GDCR are applied along with the heritage bye-laws (Ministry of
Environment and Forests, 2011). Further, sub-zones are identified for areas with special
features. These sub zones were identified on the basis of their architectural, historic,
cultural and religious importance. These include the following:
Subzone 1: Gomti Ghat
Subzone 2: The Kaklash Kund
Subzone 3: Panchkui Island

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 41

 Map 15 Location of Sub zones in Dwarka as per heritage byelaws

Source: (Heritage Byelaws for the prohibited and Regulated areas of Dwarkadhish Group of Temples, 2012)

Heritage bye-laws for both prohibited and regulated zones have been prepared for i)
individual building level elements, ii) building level utilities and iii) public areas,
infrastructure and other general elements. For categories (i) and (ii) into three types of
development activity namely new construction of buildings, expansions/ modifications of
existing buildings and repair/ renovation of existing buildings. Similarly, byelaws have
been framed for public works as well.

Heritage bylaws for Bet Dwarka

There are no protected monuments in Bet Dwarka therefore there are no existing
byelaws for the heritage structures. The main Dwarkadhish Temple is under the public
trust which takes care for the temple funds and maintenance.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 42

 4.4. Initiatives by various state level Departments of
Government of Gujarat
As a part of the development initiatives for encouraging tourism and enhancing tourist centric
facilities in the city of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka multiple agencies including TCGL,
Department of Museums, GoG and private agencies have completed are implementing or
have proposed projects. Most of these aim at facilitating tourists and local citizens by
increasing recreational space, public activities and conserving built heritage.

A total of 11 such projects related to heritage, tourism and/ or development of basic

infrastructure (necessary to sustain tourism and conserve heritage) have been discussed
with various stakeholders including Dwarka Municipality, TCGL, GPYVB, Gujarat Urban
Development Mission (GUDM), Gujarat Urban Development Company Ltd. (GUDC) and the
Office of the District Collector, Devbhumi Dwarka District. These projects are in various
stages of planning, approvals and implementation. The list of projects with their current
status, source of funding and remarks (if any) has been provided below.

GPYVB Gujarat Pavitra Yatradham Vikas Board

ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management
MRCI Marine Resource Conservation and Information Centre
NCZMA National Coastal Zone Management Authority
RIL Reliance Industries Limited
TCGL Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited

Project
S. No. Project Title Status cost (INR in Funding source Remarks
lakh)
Package 1:
Traffic &
crowd Construction
management, completed.
approach Hand-over
1,668
road to
development, municipality
parking plots is pending
and public
utilities
Package 2:
New Gomti
Gujarat
Ghat,
PavitraYatradham
Destination parikrama
Vikas Board
Development path All packages have
Construction (GPYVB);
and including been either
1 completed. Implementation
Infrastructure mandir completed or are
Site handed 1,996 by Tourism
Improvement, parisar, nearing completion.
over to Corporation of
Dwarka pedestrian
municipality. Gujarat Limited
pathways,
(TCGL)
repairing and
restoration of
Old Gomti
Ghat
Package 3:
Beach front
development
Construction
from
nearing 1,753
Samudra
completion.
Narayan to
Gayatri
Shakti Pith

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 43

 Project
S. No. Project Title Status cost (INR in Funding source Remarks
lakh)
Package 4:
Development
of Ravala Construction
Lake (and completed.
Kaklash Site handed 870
Kund) as a over to
tourist municipality.
recreational
centre
Package 5:
Development
at
Nageshwar,
parking plot
and pond 15 km from
development, Dwarka 220
Samarasar Municipality
Gopi Talav,
arrival plaza,
entrance gate
and public
utilities
Dwarka Temple Complex Construction
2 556 -
Development Scheme completed
Development
of a bridge 50% by GPYVB &
(Sudama 50% Reliance
Setu to Under Industries
1,554
connect construction Limited.
Dwarka and
Panchkui
Island)
Sudama Setu
3,000
and Panchkui
3 Development Contribution
Island Approval from
of Marine Under by MRCI/
Development National Coastal
Research planning International Oceanarium is to
Zone Management
Conservation (project cost Coastal be developed on
Authority (NCZMA)
and for MRCI/ Zone PPP basis with
pending. Land
Information Oceanarium Management partial funding
clearance yet to be
Centre is INR 3,000 (ICZM) from ICZM
obtained from
(MRCI)/ lakh) Project via Project
Revenue Dept.
Oceanarium the World
Bank
Construction
4 Main entrance gate 125 Local MLA fund -
completed
Water Supply Scheme in
UMC reviewed the
Dwarka Sewa Sadan under
DPR and provided a
Urban Infrastructure Under
5 1,732 UIDSSMT feedback. However,
Development Scheme for construction
as 50-60% work has
Small and Medium Towns
been completed on
(UIDSSMT)
site, this DPR was
Implementation of
considered ineligible
Underground Sewerage Under
6 2,028 UIDSSMT for evaluation under
System for Dwarka Sewa construction
HRIDAY
Sadan

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 44

 Project
S. No. Project Title Status cost (INR in Funding source Remarks
lakh)
UMC reviewed the
architectural design
of the museum and
has compiled
recommendations
for improvements.
Construction of a Museum in Under Dept. of UMC has also
7 216
Dwarka construction Museums, GoG discussed
programmatic
operation of the
museum and
provided feedback
to Dept. of
Museums.
Package 1:
Mandir
complex,
entrance
plaza, toilet
blocks,
shopping
centre,
Shankhodhar
Under
Lake, 1,250 -
approval
Destination Hanuman GPYVB;
8 Development, Dandi Implementation
Bet Dwarka Temple, by TCGL
pathway
development
from
Shankhodhar
to Hanuman
Dandi
Package 2:
Okha and Bet Under
1,020 -
Dwarka Jetty approval
development
Development of amenities at
Work
Bhadkeshwar Temple
9 completed TCGL -
including park, parking,
on site
eateries, etc.
Project
under
planning by
TCGL. Land
has been
provided to
TCGL by the TCGL has been
Development of Rukshmani District provided land for
10 Not available TCGL
Temple and its surroundings Collector for development of
development amenities.
of tourist
amenities at
site

TCGL floated a
tender for this
works. UMC
Development of Laser Show in Under
11 2,450 TCGL reviewed the tender
River Gomti planning
document &
proposal submitted
by Multimedia Pvt.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 45

 Project
S. No. Project Title Status cost (INR in Funding source Remarks
lakh)
Ltd. During review
meeting on Jun 26,
2015 at Vigyan
Bhavan, New Delhi,
the JS, MoUD
suggested that since
funds for this project
have been
earmarked by
TCGL, this project
should not be taken
up under HRIDAY.
UDP 78 Scheme,
Gujarat Municipal
Under Finance Board;
12 Development at Mayasar Lake 46
construction Implementation
by Dwarka
Municipality
Proposed to Ministry
Integrated development of TCGL has
Proposal of Tourism, GoI by
Dwarka-Bet Dwarka- applied to
14 pending 2,181 Tourism Corporation
Nageshwar phase -II as a HRIDAY for
approval. of Gujarat Ltd.
mega tourist circuit funding
(TCGL)
Source: Discussions with Dwarka Municipality, Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited, Gujarat Pavitra Yatradham Vikas
Board, Dwarkadhish Devsthan Samiti and Officials of the District Collectorate – Devbhumi Dwarka District.

From the above list of projects, UMC procured DPRs/ project proposals for projects (S. No.
5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 in the above table). Out of the three shortlisted projects, in discussion with
NIUA, UMC evaluated the DPR of Development of Laser Show in River Gomti project and
provided recommendations to improve the same. However, during the review meeting
conducted on June 26, 2015, the JS, MoUD opined that this project was not an eligible
project and some other project should be evaluated under HRIDAY.

Based on the recommendation of the JS, MoUD, UMC subsequently evaluated the project
titled ‘Integrated development of Dwarka-Bet Dwarka-Nageshwar phase -II as a mega tourist
circuit’ proposed by TCGL. The project envisages improving tourist infrastructure such as
pedestrian pathway, information signage, lighting, public conveniences, street furniture,
dustbins and parking facilities at selected site for visitors to Bet Dwarka Island and Gopi
Talav.

The scope also includes operations, maintenance and repair of the built facilities through
private contractors. The proposal indicates that TCGL will bear the cost of all operations and
maintenance costs, including annual repair of the assets created. The proposal further states
that TCGL will bear all expenditure on recruitment, training and salary of staff employed for
operation of the projects. TCGL will also submit quarterly detailed physical and financial
progress report of the project to Ministry of Tourism (MoT), GoI.

The project is a tourism circuit development including five locations i) Dwarka, ii) Bet
Dwarka, iii) Gopi Talav, iv) Nageshwar and v) Shivrajpur. The total budget for the project is
INR 21.81 crore as per the proposal submitted by TCGL.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 46

 Map 16 Integrated tourism circuit Dwarka-Shivrajpur-Bet Dwarka-Nageshwar/ Gopi-Talav

Source: Base map – Google Earth, overlay – UMC

The proposed budget includes development of facilities at Bet Dwarka and Gopi-Talav only.
Although not explicitly explained in the proposal, TCGL explained that facilities development
at Dwarka and Shivrajpur can be funded under other available schemes/ initiatives, and
hence, has been excluded from the proposal for HRIDAY. Development works at Nageshwar
are ongoing and hence, have been excluded from the proposal for HRIDAY. A separate
report on evaluation of this DPR has been submitted by UMC.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 47

5. Stakeholders’ Consultation
UMC has been working together with public and private organisations at local and state
levels for a methodical approach for the preparation and developing the City HRIDAY Plan
(CHP). Many of these organisations have completed or are implementing development
works in Dwarka and/ or Bet Dwarka. The stakeholders include the government authorities,
temple trusts, local people and local artisans, tourists and tourism agencies and the
management team. The stakeholders include the following
1. City Level Advisory and Monitoring Committee (CLAMC)
2. Office of the District Magistrate and Collector
3. Dwarka Municipality and Okha Municipality
4. Sub-divisional Magistrate, Okha Division
5. City Survey Office, Dwarka
6. Dwarkadhish Devsthan Samiti and Bet Dwarka Devsthan Samiti
7. Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited (TCGL)
8. Gujarat Pavitra Yatradham Vikas Board (GPYVB)
9. Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
10. State Department of Archaeology, GoG
11. Department of Museum, GoG
12. Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC)
13. Indian Railways
14. Gujarat Urban Development Mission (GUDM) and Gujarat Urban Development
Company Ltd. (GUDC)
15. Local police
16. Representatives of hotels and restaurants
17. Local people including Rayka artists, people running homestays, vegetable vendors,
local priests and shopkeepers.

Discussions with some of the key stakeholders have been summarised below:

City Level Advisory and Monitoring Committee (CLAMC)

The CLAMC is convened by District Magistrate, and is constituted of city officials along with
elected members of the city and eminent local citizens. The CLAMC has been providing
regular feedback to UMC for preparing the City HRIDAY Plan. Dwarka Municipality has also
designated a HRIDAY desk at the municipal office. According to the CLAMC, the biggest
challenge faced by the municipality is O&M of recent projects implemented by TCGL and
GPYVB. High cost of electricity (approximately INR 6 lakhs per month) is incurred only for
street lighting of Samudra Narayan Beach. Due to O&M costs beyond financial capacity of
the municipality, the street lights have been rendered non-functional.

Figure 30 First CLAMC Meeting on Sep 11, 2015, Devbhumi Dwarka District

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 48

District Magistrate and Collector
The District Administration is responsible for overseeing the activities of municipalities in
their jurisdiction In case of Dwarka, the District Collector is the Chairperson of the CLAMC
and provides overall guidance for activities under HRIDAY.

During discussions with our team, the District Collector emphasised on improving the quality
of services for visitors and residents of the city. The district administration expressed
concerns over O&M of the past and ongoing development projects by TCGL and GPYVB.
According to the District Collector, the success or failure of the projects is dependent on the
capacity of the agency responsible for O&M of these projects – currently the Dwarka
Municipality. He opined that Dwarka Municipality is not technically and financially capable of
O&M of these projects and suggested formulation of a special purpose vehicle (SPV) on the
lines of Sabarmati Riverfront Development Corporation Limited (SRFDCL). He also
emphasised on the need for regular and meaningful coordination among the stakeholders,
especially, TCGL, GPYVB, ASI and Dwarka Municipality. He also expressed concern over
the safety and security of the Dwarkadhish temple and visitors.

Dwarka and Okha Municipalities

Municipalities are the key stakeholders and house the City Mission Directorate (CMD) as per
the HRIDAY guidelines. The municipalities are responsible for implementation of projects
proposed under the HRIDAY scheme.

UMC interacted with Okha and Dwarka municipalities on several occasions. Both
municipalities provided all relevant data for the CHP preparation. Both ULBs expressed
issues faced by the city during the festivals and highlighted the need to improve urban civic
infrastructure. The major issues faced by them are lack of financial and technical resources
to operate and maintain the assets built by TCGL and GPYVB. Okha Municipality expressed
the desire to develop facilities along the beaches and places of religious importance.

Devsthan Samiti in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka.

The Dwarkadhish temple in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka are under the ownership of their
respective trusts. The Dwarkadhish Devsthan Samiti constructed an administrative office,
library, luggage rooms and shoe racks with permission of the ASI.

Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited (TCGL)

As a department mandated with development of tourism in the state, TCGL is responsible for
development of major tourist sites across the state including Dwarka and Bet Dwarka. TCGL
has developed tourist spots like sunset point, new and old Gomti Ghat, Ravala Lake and
Kaklash Kund amongst many other projects. Has proposed development of a tourist circuit
connecting Dwarka, Nageshwar, Gopi Talav and Bet Dwarka. UMC team conducted
evaluation of the DPR prepared for this project and provided recommendations for
improvement in the project.

Gujarat Pavitra Yatradham Vikas Board (GPYVB)

GPYVB is responsible for development of projects related to religious sites and circuits in
Gujarat. GPYVB has over the years associated with TCGL for execution of projects on site
including Dwarka and Bet Dwarka. UMC has interacted with GPYVB for understanding their
vision and projects in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka.

Archaeological survey of India

The city of Dwarka has three protected monuments/ remains in the city. These include the
Dwarkadhish Temple, Rukshmani Temple and Kshatrapa Inscription. Any development in
the prohibited zone and regulated zone (100 and 300 metres from the protected
monuments) needs to be approved by ASI, making them a crucial stakeholder. UMC has
conducted detailed discussions with ASI over the last few years while preparing the

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 49

‘Heritage Bye-laws for Prohibited and Regulated Zones around Dwarkadhish Group of
Temples’ along with INTACH-Gujarat Chapter. ASI has expressed concern over rampant
violation of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment)
Act, 2010 by construction within the prohibited and regulated zones.

Department of Museums, Government of Gujarat

UMC team consulted the Department of Museums, GoG to review the under construction
city museum for its design and operations. The department shared all relevant information
with UMC. The department intends to bring the display material from their museum in Surat
and initiate process to bring artefacts excavated during the marine archaeological
exploration conducted by the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa.

The local communities and residents of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka

UMC conducted interviews and surveys in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka with the local residents
to understand their issues and concerns. The interviews were conducted with various
resident groups including the Rabari community which practices the Rayka art. They
expressed their concern over the lack of promotion of the art and absence of infrastructure
for them to showcase and sell their products.

UMC also consulted operators of hotels and dharmashalas to discuss tourist preferences in
Dwarka and the issues faced by them to cater to tourists’ needs. Likewise, the team
consulted operators of homestays (formed under the newly drafted homestay policy) to
understand their business needs. The other discussions were held with local shopkeepers in
and around the heritage areas to understand the challenges faced by them including
congestion in the old core, absence of pedestrian facilities (which they feel will boost their
business) and poor condition of most of the roads due to laying of water supply and sewer
lines.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 50

6. Projection & Infrastructure Gap Assessment (city
level)
6.1. Tourists Projection
As per the Tourist Footfall Information System (TFIS) data, approximately 18 to 19 lakh
people visited Dwarka in the year 2013-14. Around 90 percent of visitors to Dwarka also
visit Bet Dwarka. The flow of tourists varies seasonally as per the Hindu calendar. The
following table shows tourist footfalls in Dwarka since the year 2011-12.

Table 4 Inflow of tourist in Dwarka

Year Tourists (lakh) Daytime visitors (lakh) Total Flow (lakh)
2011-12 14.36 18.50 33.86
2012-13 17.70 18.50 37.20
2013-14 18.44 20.50 39.94
Source: (Gujarat Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organisation Limited, 2015)

Population projections
As the city is growing substantially, the local population which is around 38,000 may have a
decadal growth as follows (as per arithmetic progression method).

Table 5 Population projections for 2041

Year Population* Floating**
2001 33,614 27,41,760
2011 38,873 33,60,600
2021 44,955 39,79,440
2031 51,988 52,17,120
2041 60,124 63,07,313
Note: Population and floating population has been projected by UMC using arithmetic method.
Source: * (Census of India, 2011); (Census of India, 2001); ** (Gujarat Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organisation
Limited, 2015)

The table suggests that the floating population may be more than 10 times the resident
population of the city. It warrants significant investments in capital and O&M works for civic
infrastructure projects in the city.

6.2. Broad Projection for Urban Infrastructure

The development plan and the local area plans need to incorporate the improvement in
city infrastructure in order to have an effective functioning of the city. Civic infrastructure
plays an important role in defining the experiential quality to its visitors. Municipal
infrastructure including water supply, sewerage, storm water drainage, solid waste
management, streets & sidewalks, city transport, public conveniences (toilets, drinking
water facilities), street furniture amongst others are essential to support large visitor
population in the city.

This section assesses the existing status of basic urban infrastructure in Dwarka and
presents the existing and project gaps for a period of 25 years. The assessment is done on
the basis of projections of the resident and floating population. The city’s needs may be
completely different from the projections due to fast changing technology, visitor
preferences, city governance models, financial health of civic bodies and overall
environmental scenario. Although, it is difficult to project this demand to a very high level of

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 51

precision, it is necessary to analyse the existing gaps and create an action plan to fill the
gaps and prioritize interventions.

6.2.1. Water Supply

Dwarka is situated in a water stressed region of Gujarat. The major source of the water
for Dwarka is the Sani Dam located at the distance of 86 km from the city. Mayasar Lake
and Bhimgaja Lake serve as reserve dams during the dry months when water level
drops at Sani Dam.

Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board (GWSSB) have allocated 8 MLD of water for
the entire Okha-Mandal region, out of which 3.06 MLD is reserved for Dwarka city.
Dwarka Municipality is majorly dependent on water produced through surface water
sources. On an average only 2 MLD is supplied throughout the year as only 42 percent
properties are connected to the piped network while a large number of the remaining
properties rely on bore wells (Service Level Benchmarking in Water and Sanitation - data
collected under Performance Assessment System (PAS) Project, 2014-15).
Figure 31 Water supply in Dwarka
The water sourced from Sani Dam is
treated at Kalyanpur water treatment
plant (WTP) and water from Mayasar
Lake and Bhimgaja Lake are treated at
Town Gate Head Works and Station
Zone Head Works, respectively.

Town Zone Head Works comprises of a

WTP of 2 MLD capacity, two sumps of
6.8 lakh litres and 5 lakh litres each, and
one elevated service reservoir (ESR) of 8
lakh litres. The Station Zone Head Works
comprises of a WTP of 1 MLD capacity,
a sump of 8 lakh litres and an ESR of 8
lakh litres (Detailed Project Report for
water supply for Dwarka Nagar Seva
Sadan, 2009).

Existing schemes project

The capacity of transmission line is
inadequate to suffice the water demand
of Dwarka. An express line is proposed Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2014-15)
under Urban Infrastructure Development
Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) from Gorinja to Dwarka carrying
water exclusively for the Dwarka town.

Narmada canal is additional source of water for Dwarka. The water is supplied through
GWSSB pipeline, which carries Narmada water collected at Kalyanpur.

Bet Dwarka is one of the administrative zones of Okha Municipality. At present the
scheme for piped water supply is under preparation for Okha Municipality, wherein Bet
Dwarka is also included.

Gap analysis
Dwarka is a tourist destination and receives large number of visitors on a daily basis. Based
on the data provided by GITCO through its Tourist Flow Information System (TFIS), around

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 52

7,600 people visit Dwarka daily. Based on the norms, Dwarka needs 5.5 MLD of water
today, but is able to supply only 2.5 MLD. The demand would increase to 6.1 MLD by the
year 2041. The under implementation DPR for water supply augmentation in Dwarka is
designed for 10 MLD of water supply by the year 2035. Hence, there are no gaps in the
source of water, provided the water augmentation project is completed successfully.

Only 66 percent of households have household level water supply connection in Dwarka.
Areas outside the gamtal in Dwarka do not have municipal piped water supply and rely
on private bore wells and public stand posts. Dwarka Municipality supplies an average of
47 lpcd water to its citizens against the norm of 135 lpcd. As per the service level
benchmarking (SLB), Dwarka municipal water supply has non-revenue water of 20
percent due to leakages in the distribution system.

Table 6 Gap analysis for water supply in Dwarka

Existing Existing Existing Cumulative Gaps
Service / Infrastructure Units
Situation Demand Gap 2021 2031 2041
Source MLD 2 5.51 3.51 4.07 5.02 6.12
Treatment capacity MLD 2 5.51 3.51 4.07 5.02 6.12
Storage capacity (sump) MLD 1.98 2.00 0.02 4.09 5.04 6.14
Distribution Network Km 24 47.00 23.00 55.00 78.00 100.00
No. of Connections
(Domestic + Commercial + No. 5,447 13,051 7,604 9,597 11,885 14,529
stand post)
Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

6.2.2. Sewage and Waste Water Disposal System

The city of Dwarka consumes approximately 2.0 MLD of water for their domestic
purpose. The data collected through the PAS programme for SLB show that in 2014-15,
a total of 1.6 MLD of waste water was generated on an average and 50% of existing
properties have toilets. These toilets are connected with on-site sanitation disposal
system such as septic tanks and soak pits cleaned using the suction pump available with
the municipality. Though considering the quantity of 1.6 MLD and availability of just one
suction pump with the municipality, it is evident that private suction machine also operate
in the city. Moreover, the municipality does not have any existing secondary treatment
facility available and the sludge is disposed thrown in the sea/ creek.

Through the UIDSSMT, an underground sewerage network is being laid in the city. As
per the DPR for sewerage, a sewage treatment plant (STP) of 9 MLD capacity would be
constructed in Dwarka. Based on the water supply, capacity of the STP is sufficient till
the year 2014 (Urban Management Centre, 2015).

Gap analysis
Table 7 Gap analysis for Sewage Network
Service / Existing Existing Existing Cumulative Gaps
Units
Infrastructure Situation Demand Gap 2021 2031 2041
Capacity of waste MLD
- 4.63 4.63 6.22 7.19 8.32
water treatment plant .
No. of waste water
No. - 14,254 14,254 21,772 34,302 46,832
connection
Properties with toilet No. 7,920 14,254 6,334 8,208 21,888 35,568
Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 53

 6.2.3. Solid Waste Management
Dwarka generates 610 MT of municipal solid waste (MSW) every month. Dwarka
municipality is able to collect 91 percent of this waste. Dwarka municipality has a MSW
processing plant of a capacity of 225 MT/month. There is an existing gap of 385
MT/month of treatment of waste in Dwarka. During the visit, our team observed that
MSW processing plant was not functional and the site was being used as an open dump.
There are no scientific disposal facilities for solid waste.

Moreover, the reconnaissance survey identifies the lack of availability of pubic waste
collection bins across strategic locations in the city. As people serve food to cows and
other stray animals, this leads to food waste scattered all across the city.

The city claims to collect 90 percent of the waste generated daily. However, a detailed
assessment suggests otherwise. The ULB currently has 3 door-to-door collection
vehicles against the present demand of 5 vehicles. The ULB has placed more than 20
secondary collection bins in the city but has only 2 dumper placers to empty them. This
number although seems adequate but as many bins are places in the old core, the
dumper placers are not able to lift the containers regularly. The ULB has around 110
street sweepers against the required 120.

Gap analysis
Table 8 Gap analysis for solid waste management
Existing Existing Existing Cumulative Gaps
Service / Infrastructure Units Situation Demand Gap 2021 2031 2041
Generation of waste MT/month 610 674 780 902
Collection of MSW MT/month 560 610 50 61 70 81
No. of vehicles (mini vans) No. 3 5 2 5 6 7
No. of secondary collection
No. 2 2 0 1 2 4
bin emptying vehicle
Capacity of processing
MT 225 560 335 396 405 416
plant
Capacity of scientific land-
MT 0 560 560 621 630 641
fill site
No. of sweepers No. 110 120 10 15 20 25
Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

6.2.4. Transportation
There is no municipal urban transport service in the city. The intermediate public
transport (IPT) such as auto rickshaws and jeeps are privately operated. For regional
transport, Gujarat State Regional Transport Corporation (GSRTC) operates buses from
its bus stand. On an average, there are 80 bus departures from the GSRTC bus stand
daily with additional 10 departures during festivals. In addition to this, there are number
of regional private transport agencies having their offices and stops within the city. There
are no bus stop facilities for IPT or for private buses. The city needs a local urban
transport service, preferably with smaller sized vehicles due to narrow width of the
streets in the old core.

Designated and Undesignated Parking Spots

Location: Parking is largely disorganized in the town of Dwarka, and together with on-
street parking on both sides of the road reduces the carriageway creating bottlenecks.
There are five designated parking spots within the city. They are listed as follows.
- Reliance parking lot.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 54

 - Parking space near Municipality.
- Parking space near Dwarkadhish temple.
- Parking space near Gayatri Mandir.
- Parking space near cremation ground.

Due to increase in the tourist footfall during festivals, undesignated parking creates
overcrowding and disturbance in the traffic movement. The unauthorized parking takes
place around the following places.
- in front of Lords hotel
- along Gomti Ghat
- on the road from Gomti Ghat towards Dwarkadhish temple

The capacity for the number of vehicles as per the area available and type of vehicle is
calculated in the following table.

Table 9 Capacity of Parking areas

Approx.
Area in Types of Vehicle
S. No Parking spot Capacity
sqm parked
(ECS=15)
1 Reliance parking lot. 3,315 4 wheelers 221
2 wheelers & 4
2 Parking space near Municipality 260 17
wheelers
3 Parking space near Dwarkadhish temple 180 4 wheelers 12
4 Parking space near Gayatri Mandir 1,600 4 wheelers 107
2 wheelers, 4
5 Parking space near cremation ground 2,100 140
wheelers, buses
6 Parking space in from of Lords hotel 260 4 wheelers 17
7 Parking space along Gomti Ghat 1,100 4 wheelers 73
Parking space on the road from Gomti Ghat
8 1,245 4 wheelers 83
towards Dwarkadhish temple

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 55

Gap analysis
Map 17 Location of major parking and undesignated paring areas in Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

6.2.5. Pedestrian and non-motorized infrastructure

Existing pedestrian and non-motorized infrastructure
Though 80 percent of the town is oriented towards pedestrian movement, there is a lack
of pedestrian infrastructure. The city lacks designated footpaths, street furniture and
alongside major streets/ procession paths/ markets. Undesignated parking compounds
the problem with vehicles parked on footpaths (wherever available) forcing the
pedestrians onto the carriageway. The only medium to commute within the town are the
autos. There are no non-motorised transport services in the city.

Gaps analysis
An integrated street improvement project needs to be implemented wherein all the above
mentioned pedestrian facilities including footpaths, signage, garbage bins, pause
spaces, street furniture etc. are planned along with the designated pedestrian paths.
There is a need to promote the non-motorized infrastructure in the city to the entire
tourist destination and the pilgrim site.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 56

 6.2.6. Public conveniences
As Dwarka is a pilgrim destination, it needs the public conveniences for the local community
and the pilgrims in the town. Currently, there are 11 public urinals, 4 pay and use toilets and
2 community toilets in Dwarka whereas Bet Dwarka has only 1 pay and use toilet. There are
approximately 65 seats for men and 39 seats for women in the historic core of the city. At
present 3 percent of the 38,000 population i.e. 1,000 people use these facilities daily, which
is highly adequate as per the norms of 25 persons per seat. During festivals, there are more
than 5,500 people visiting Dwarka on the daily basis (Gujarat Industrial and Technical
Consultancy Organisation Limited, 2015). Most of the visitors are likely to use these facilities
atleast once during their visit.

Figure 32 Public conveniences in Dwarka

Gap Analysis
There are inadequate number of public conveniences located in and around the city for the
local residents and the visiting population. The upkeep of most of the facilities is very poor,
to the extent that many have been rendered unusable. There is no proper signage and
accessibility of the existing toilets is very poor. There is a need of more public toilets in and
around the significant religious, heritage and tourist sites.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 57

 Map 18 Location of public conveniences in Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Map 19 Location of Public Conveniences in Bet Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 58

 6.2.7. Street Furniture, street lights, signage
There is a need to stress on the street lighting and public furniture in Dwarka and Bet
Dwarka for the local community and the visitors in terms of its design, fabrication,
installation, maintenance, and replacement of co-ordinated street furniture. There is a need
of establishing appropriate designs, function, and placement of street furniture in the earliest
possible stage in the process in any infrastructure development or tourism based project.

Type of existing street light, street furniture and signage

a. Street lights
There are a variety of street lights existing along various primary and secondary roads in
Dwarka. The street lights vary in heights, physical appearance and technical
specifications.

Figure 33 Types of street light in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka

Map 20 Location of street furniture, signage in Dwarka and Bet Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 59

Gaps analysis
It is observed that multiple agencies has been involved in commissioning and installation
of street lights across various locations of the city and there are no standard
specifications for the same. There need is to incorporate urban design guideline or toolkit
which maintains the aesthetics, function, maintenance, safety & accessibility and identity
in the historic core. Since Dwarka is a pilgrim destination it is important to cover 100
percent of public spaces with suitable street lights in compliance with the standard flux
proposition.

b. Street furniture
Street furniture in Dwarka caters to the local people of the city and the floating population
in the town. The street furniture includes benches, signage, community information kiosk,
waste / recycling receptacles and other urban installations. The street furniture in Dwarka
has improved as per the works carried out by agencies as a part of development projects
in Dwarka.

There are a variety of street benches, dumping bins and information display hoardings in
Dwarka. Public benches are made of concrete and iron, and appear bulky. Seating and
benches at all the locations are commissioned by various agencies without standard
designs and is incongruent with the heritage character of the historic core.

Gap analysis
There is a lack of dustbins and people tend to litter the streets. The need is to
incorporate a specific urban design guideline or toolkit which maintains the heritage
character of the area. The number of installations should be decided during micro-
design/ area plans for differetnt pockets of the city.

Figure 34 Types of street furniture

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 60

c. Signage
Signage plays a very important role at tourist locations. As Dwarka being a religious
tourist destination, the types of signage shall be in accordance to the type of tourists and
should be in both global as well as regional language. Orientation and placement of
signage should be legible to tourist travelling by any mode. The existing signage across
the city shows a non-standardized approach by design. The photographs display various
types of signage observed across the city of Dwarka.
Figure 35 Types of signage

Gap analysis
There are inadequate open sitting spaces around the temple premises for rest and
recreation of people after the temple ceremonies. There are inadequate signage and
information boards around pilgrim and heritage sites. There are no signage for orienting
people towards public conveniences. While the prayers are performed in the temple, a
large crowd also gathers around the Dwarkadhish Temple. Large screens could be
installed in these congregational spaces to broadcast the prayers live.

6.2.8. Maidans, exhibition grounds and large public gathering

spaces
Existing Location and capacity
There are 2 major maidans and one public gathering lake front in Dwarka – used by both
visitors and residents. The maidans and grounds are used for erecting temporary
structures, parking and other activities during festivals. Some of these spaces include
- Sunset point
- Old and new Gomti Ghat
- Ravala Lake front.

Figure 36 Public Gathering Spaces across Dwarka

Gaps analysis
There are large gatherings spaces for the visitors, the places are used as the places of
temporary accommodation during the peak seasons. These are large spaces and are

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 61

used for city level gatherings. There is no provision for smaller public parks at the local
area level.

Map 21 Public Gathering Spaces across Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 62

7. Vision for development of Dwarka-Bet Dwarka
Based on the assessment of existing situation and the aspirations of various stakeholders,
the following vision has been formulated and approved by the CLAMC during its first meeting
held on September 11, 2015.

To make Dwarka a spiritually rejuvenating tourist destination

with world-class amenities which is safe, eco-responsive and
financially sustainable.

By achieving the above vision, Dwarka-Bet Dwarka will be able to

1. Create a life changing experience for pilgrims
2. Present a pioneering model for heritage management
3. Serve as a role model for innovative tourism management

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 63

8. Prioritisation of Assets
In discussion with various stakeholders UMC has identified Priority Assets on the basis of its
importance and requirement for planning intervention. In the subsequent chapter, detailed
proposals for top 5 priority assets (Heritage Zone 1 to 5) have been prepared.
The shelf of projects has been categorized as 1. Infrastructure projects and 2.Studies,
programs and O&M projects. The list of projects under each category has been provided
below.

Infrastructure Projects
1. Development of Vegetable Market square
2. Development of forecourt of Dwarkadhish Temple
3. Development of Siddheshwar Mahadev Temple
4. Development of street from Iskon Gate to Dwarkadhish Temple
5. Development of street from Teen Batti to Dwarkadhish Temple
6. Development of Tourism Circuit of Dwarka-Shivrajpur-Bet Dwarka-Gopi Talav-
Nageshwar
a. Development of jetties at Okha and Bet Dwarka
b. Development of arrival plaza at Bet Dwarka
c. Development of Darshan Path
d. Improvements in and around Dwarkadhish Temple, Bet Dwarka
e. Development of Ranchhod, Ratan and Shankhoddar Lakes
f. Development at Hanuman Dandi
7. Development of sea-link connecting Bet Dwarka to Samrasar
8. Development of Panchkui Island
9. Redevelopment of Dwarka Bus Stand
10. Development of Mayasar Lake
11. Development around Rukshmani Temple
12. Establishment of Sound and Light/ Laser Show
13. Street redevelopment of all major streets of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka
14. Development of Scientific Landfill Site
15. Pedestrianisation of processional routes and provision of eco-friendly shuttle service
16. Development of night shelters at suitable locations

Studies, programs and O&M projects

1. Creation of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for O&M of above projects
2. Municipal revenue improvement plan
3. Listing and notification of heritage structures
4. Preparation of heritage conservation guidelines and heritage management plan (on
the lines of AUDA)
5. Start a Heritage Walk
6. Develop a mobile app for orienting visitors to Dwarka
7. Prepare an disaster management plan and coastal zone management plan
8. Prepare and implement crowd management plan
9. Prepare and implement transport management plan
10. Prepare and implement street vendors’ management plan
11. Prepare and implement street cattle management plan
12. Prepare unified GIS based database for coordinating underground utilities planning,
implementation and maintenance.
13. Impart training to priests and other funcitonaries in Dwarka to create a visitor friendly
experience for pilgrims
14. Prepare a SWM master plan to make Dwarka a zero waste city
17. Prepare an open defecation free city plan for Dwarka

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 64

9. Civic Infrastructure Development Plan
9.1. Introduction to Delineated Heritage Area
UMC conducted detailed assessment of heritage and tourism assets in Dwarka and
delineated a core heritage area. The area has been designated based on spatial overlay of
listed heritage structures, unlisted heritage structures identified through a primary survey by
UMC and popular pilgrim and tourist sites.

The figure below shows the prohibited (100 metres) and regulated zones (300 metres)
around the Dwarkadhish Temple complex. The identified heritage zone for the CHP for the
city of Dwarka becomes a part of the delineated and the heritage zone as most of the
heritage lies in the zone.

Map 22 Prohibited and regulated zones around Dwarkadhish Group of Temples

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

The maps below provide a clear demarcation of the historic core for the city of Dwarka and
the civic infrastructure available in the historic core that includes location of public
conveniences, signage, location of SWM containers, street furniture and way-finding/ tourist
signage, Public transport and parking areas that needs to be considered while preparing
detailed project reports for the five priority areas.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 65

 Map 23 Heritage structures identified by UMC

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 66

 Map 24 Major Tourist Destinations in Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 67

 Map 25 Public conveniences in Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 68

 Map 26 Location of SWM containers in Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 69

 Map 27 Street furniture and way-finding/ tourist signage in Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 70

 Map 28 Public transport and parking areas in Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 71

 Map 29 Delineated heritage area w.r.t. coastal regulation zone in Dwarka

Source: (Urban Management Centre, 2015)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 72

As per the discussions with the stakeholders and the site survey conducted for Dwarka and
Bet Dwarka, the priority assets have been identified on the basis of historic, architectural and
socio – cultural importance. The tourism facilities and infrastructure development of these
areas shall be prepared on priority than the remaining assets.

The five heritage zones are as follows

1. Heritage Zone 01 – Development of forecourt of Dwarkadhish Temple
2. Heritage Zone 02 – Development of Vegetable Market
3. Heritage Zone 03 – Development of Siddheshwar Mahadev
4. Heritage Zone 04 – Development of street from Iskon Gate to Dwarkadhish Temple
5. Heritage Zone 05 – Development of street from Teen Batti to Dwarkadhish Temple

Map 30 Heritage Zones in Dwarka

Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC

These areas cover most of the tangible as well as intangible heritage of Dwarka city.These
areas require improvement in basic services and rejuvenation through urban design to
enhance their quality of space.

Heritage Zones are an integral part of the overall city development. As discussed in the
earlier sections, several effort are ongoing and more are being planned for civic
infrastructure improvement by various organisations. To proceed with design and
recommendations of Heritage Zones, their linkages with city level initiatives should be
established.

As per the HRIDAY framework, UMC recommends four key city level planning and
management proposals. These are
1. City Level Transport Management Plan
a. Controlled vehicular access to the delineated heritage area – vehicular
access should be restricted for visitors’ vehicles within the delineated heritage
area (refer map below). Access to emergency service should not be restricted
at all times of the day. Time based management should be introduced for
goods vehicles servicing the businesses and residences within the delineated
heritage area.
b. City level eco-friendly shuttle service – such a service should be initiated
providing vehicular access to the delineated heritage area. Routes and
frequency of service should be planned to cater all prominent areas.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 73

 2. Initiate a heritage walk – in the old core area. The heritage walk would be based on
the heritage assets of the city. Audio guide may be developed to assist the heritage
walk along with other material for promotion of the city
3. Rehabilitation Plan for Street Vendors – Dwarka Municipality should prepare a plan
to rehabiitate the street vendors in Dwarka as per the Street Vendors (Protection of
Livelihood and Reguation of Street Vending) Act, 2014
4. Cattle Nuisance Control Plan – Dwarka Municipality should prepre a plan for
controlling nuisance created by stray cattle, dogs and cats.

The proposals for Heritage Zones have been tied-up with the above city level initiatives. This
section assesses each Heritage Zone and provides recommendations for civic infrastructure
improvement. The strategies and the solutions have been categorised as
A. New infrastructure/ equipment capital works
B. Repair of existing infrastructure/ equipment
C. Operation, maintenance and management
D. Tie-up with larger city level planning and policy solutions

Figure 37 Map showing all heritage assets w.r.t. selected heritage zones

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 74

 9.2. Heritage zone 01 – Dwarkadhish temple square
Dwarkadhish Temple square Map 31 Heritage Zone 01 - Dwarkadhish Temple Square
is the most prominent public
place in the city. The square
leads to the entrance of the
temple complex. The square
is divided by a boundary wall
segregating the municipal
street and the plot of the
Dwarkadhish Temple. The
square highlighted in green
(inside the temple plot) also
houses the excavated
remains of the plinth of
another temple in the group.

The square is surrounded by

buildings with commercial
activity at the ground floor
and a mix of residential and
commercial use at the upper
floors. The street outside the
boundary wall houses Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC
vendors selling flowers and offerings for the pilgrims. The eastern end of the square houses
amenities such as tourist information centre/ help desk, a public toilet, a police beat and
vehicular drop-off point. To the south of the temple, 56 steps lead to the Gomti Ghat along
the River Gomti. The steps form a crucial path of the processional route.

Heritage assets in the zone 1

- Dwarakadhish temple
- Traditional residential typology

The zone is the most significant with Dwarakadhish Temple at its centre. The temple is
surrounded by the traditional residential typology that is fast changing with increase in
commercailisation. Adjacent to the zone lies the Gomti Ghat, which is another significant
heritage area of the city.The highlighted area selected under this Heritage Zone is shown in
the map. A brief description of the site has been provided in the table below.
S. No. Parameter Indicator
Dwarkadhish Temple is protected by the Archaeological
Survey of India (ASI). The forecourt/ square serves as the
1 Heritage value attached
congregation/ public space and provides a foreground to the
monument.
2 Category Congregational court / Public plaza/ Square
To improve civic infrastrcuture in the square and prepare
design guidelines for coherent development around the
3 Objective square. The guidelines will enhance the grandeur of the
monument and maintain architectural harmony in the new
developments
Pedestrian pathways, barrier free environment, information
signage, lighting and surveillance, street furniture, parking,
4 Focus components
water-sanitation amenities, architectural design guidelines for
buildings surrounding the square
Area of the Heritage
5 Approximately 10,500 sqm
Zone

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 75

 Figure 38 Forecourt of Dwarkadhish Temple

Figure 39 Steps south of the temple (left); Plaza east of the temple (right)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 76

 Map 32 Base map of Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 77

 Map 33 Building use plan of Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 78

 Map 34 Built-open map of Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 79

 Map 35 Building height map of Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 80

SWOT/ SWOC Analysis of the Heritage Area
The key strengths of the Dwarkadhish Temple’s forecourt are
- The most prominent place in the city owing to the main temple
- Almost every visitor to the city visits the temple and the forecourt
- Single largest open space in the otherwise dense old core of the city
- The forecourt is bustling with activities throughout the day
- The temple is the focal point of the city, i.e. all primary streets of the city lead to the
temple
- Many public spaces are connected to the temple complex (and the forecourt)
including Gomti Ghat, main retail market of Dwarka and Sharda Pith.

The key weaknesses of the forecourt are

- Although the most prominent open space in the city, there is no shade for the visitors.
Moreover, since the forecourt is paved with stone, it heats up during summer and
practically makes is impossible to walk without footwear.
- There are no seating or resting facilities for the visitors in the forecourt
- Stray cattle and dogs can be seen in the forecourt causing nuisance
- The boundary wall of temple complex bisects the forecourt. This not only breaks the
space, but also creates visual barrier between the street and the temple.
- Unregulated vending along the boundary wall of the temple complex causes
inconvenience and partially blocks the access to the temple.

Opportunities presented by the site are

- Almost all visitors to the city come to the Dwarkadhish Temple and pass through the
forecourt. It forms a crucial component of the experience it gives to the pilgrim
- This forecourt serves as a congregation space and waiting space for pilgrims and
improving the quality of space can enhance the experience of the visitors. Enhancing
the experiential quality is a part of the vision of the City HRIDAY Plan
- The forecourt is connected to other major activity centres such as Gomti Ghat,
Samudra Narayan Beach and now to Panchkui Island through the Sudama Bridge
- The grandeur of the temple can be highlighted by sensitive design of the forecourt.
Currently, due to the boundary wall dissecting the forecourt, there is a visual barrier
between the street and the temple.

Threats
- As the forecourt is a congregation space, it holds up to a few thousand people during
festivals waiting to offer prayers in the temple. In the absence of effective crowd
management, the place is prone to stampedes
- The forecourt is a sensitive place from the security perspective. Access to the
forecourt needs to be monitored to provide security to the temple.
- Encroachments by buildings on the roads around the forecourt threaten the heritage
and architectural character of the place.
- Unregulated construction – mostly in violation of the AMASR Act 2010 and the
heritage bye-laws, poses a serious threat to the temple and the forecourt. There have
been many buildings which have been demolished, constructed, modified and
renovated within the prohibited and regulated zone including the Sharda Pith.
- With the pressure of urbanisation, taller buildings are coming up around the temple
complex and the forecourt. This is posing a serious threat to the skyline and visual
character of the place.
- In the absence of any architectural guidelines in the Second Revised DP 2018, new
construction is mostly incongruent with the architectural style of the historic core of
the city

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 81

Proposed Plan
The proposal is to design the temple forecourt as a space for ‘darshan’ by visitors and a
space where people can interact and spend their time throughout the day. The idea is also to
connect the surrounding junctions with temple forecourt to have shaded pedestrianized open
spaces in and around for the people. The entire zone could become the heart of the heritage
city with linkages to the water fronts and the surrounding areas. All design elements in and
around the temple at the available open spaces and adjoining streets should reflect the
architectural style of the heritage assets.

The proposal to make civic improvements in Dwarkadhish Temple forecourt originates from
addressing various issues highlighted by the stakeholders and the analysis conducted by
UMC of the site. The issues identified have been listed below and the strategies and
corresponding solutions to address the issues have been proposed.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 82

 Map 36 Proposed concept plan for Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 83

As discussed earlier, the solutions have been categorised as
A. New infrastructure/ equipment capital works
B. Repair of existing infrastructure/ equipment
C. Operation, maintenance and management
D. Tie-up with larger city level planning and policy solutions

S. No. Issues Strategies and solutions proposed Nature of solution

The existing boundary
wall creates a partial Reconstruct the boundary wall with a
1 visual barrier between new design eliminating/ reducing the A
the street and the visual barrier
temple
Sense of entry not Demarcate the entry via columns or
2 A
highlighted other such architectural features
The barricades for Reconstruct the security post and
A
crowd control, security checking room.
post and checking room
at the entry of the
3 Design new barricades sensitively to
temple are visually a
respond to the architectural style of A
misfit with the
the temple complex.
architectural language of
the temple complex
Review and revise the present crowd
management measures adopted by
C
Overcrowding during the management and security
4
festivals agencies
Create medical and emergency
A
response facility
Disabled-friendly Design the complex including ramps
5 A
complex and escalators
Existing shops in front of Design/ modify the commercial zone
6 A and B
the temple w.r.t. heritage concept
Sculptures to be
Design the locations for installations
7 installed at open spaces A
and sculpture type
and junctions
Paving to delineate
8 areas (walkways and Propose paving pattern/type A
junctions)
9 Space for vendors Design/ demarcate space for vendors A
Haphazard movement of
vehicles and Installation of bollards for preventing
10 A
pedestrians in the vehicular entry
square
Potholed roads due to
recent digging for water Repair and resurface roads as per
11 B
supply and drainage design guidelines
lines
Vendors occupying the
Identify and provide license to
12 square in an D and C
vendors, and design vending space
unorganized manner
Create a city level cattle management
13 Cattle nuisance C
plan and tie up operations with it
Absence of sitting and
14 resting places for Provide benches A
visitors
Use trees/ plants for natural shading
No shade for visitors in
15 and erect shading structures as per A
the square
design toolkit

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 84

 S. No. Issues Strategies and solutions proposed Nature of solution
Handover cleaning of the square to
Poor cleanliness of the C
16 the proposed SPV for O&M
area
Provide dustbins at suitable locations A
17 Poor lighting of the area Provide street lights A
Loss of heritage
character due to
reconstruction of Prepare architectural design
18 D
buildings without guidelines
respecting local
architectural style
Design service utility/ storm water
19 Water drainage A and D
management plan
Repair and renovate the public toilet B
Poorly maintained public
Handover cleaning of the public toilet
20 toilets near the temple C
to the proposed SPV for O&M
forecourt
Install new toilets A
Drinking water facilities
21 in and around temple Install new drinking water facilities A
forecourt
Absence of way finding Provide Signage A
22 signage and information Reconstruct the existing information
A
kiosks for visitors kiosk as per the design guidelines
Lay ducts for underground cables for
Visual clutter due to
23 electricity. Telecom and cable D
overhead cables
television
All designs should comply with The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full
Participation) Act, 1995.

Block cost estimate for the proposed concept plan

Table 10 Block cost estimate for proposed development at Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone01)
Area Cost Cost
Particulars Cost/unit Quantity
(sqm) (INR)/unit (INR)
Landscape development
500 5000/sqm 5000 500 2500000
(trees/plants)
Vending space plinth 150 20000/cu.m. 20000 150 3000000
Medical or emergency block 150 42000/sqm. 42000 150 6300000
Bollard Lump sum 200000

Boundary wall 300 10000/sq.mt 10000 300 3000000

Sculptures Lump sum 2000000

Walkway paving 2570 2500/sqm. 2500 2570 6425000

Junction paving 1700 2500/sqm. 2500 1700 4250000

Temple square paving 2430 4000/sqm. 4000 2430 9720000

Dustbins Lump sum 80000

Entrance gate Lump sum 7000000
Escalator at 56 steps 1.15 crore/unit 1.2E+07 1 11500000
Tourist information centre Lump sum 900000
Toilet repair Lump sum 100000

Drinking water facility 7 lakh/unit 700000 3 2100000

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 85

 Area Cost Cost
Particulars Cost/unit Quantity
(sqm) (INR)/unit (INR)
Shuttle service stand Lump sum 40000
Street lights 55000/unit 55000 40 2200000
Benches 28000/bench 28000 50 1400000
Lump
Signage 60000/unit 60000 1500000
sum
Total 64215000
All costs have been calculated with applicable rates in 2015-16. These rates are tentative and are subject to
change.

Table 11 Area statement for proposed development at Temple Forecourt (Heritage Zone 01)
Space for Development Area (sqm)
Open space inside the temple boundary 2,430
Junction 1 (surrounded by shops towards the 2nd entrance) 320
Street 1 in front of temple 700
Junction 2 (currently the holding space towards main entrance) 650
Street 2 leading to Gomti Ghat 1,050
Junction 3 (at the waiting area for visitors near Gomti Ghat) 730
Street 3 (leading to temple rear entrance running parallel to Gomti Ghat) 820
Medical/Emergency block expansion (at the temple open space) 700
Total 7,400
The areas have been calculated based on the drawings prepared using Google Earth satellite image. The areas
are subject to change during the DPR stage.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 86

 9.3. Heritage zone 02 – Vegetable market square
Map 37 Heritage Zone 02 - Vegetable Market Square
Vegtable market square is the
second Heritage Zone chosen
for Dwarka. The vegetable
square is an important junction
in the city and is a focal point
for evening food joints. The
area has been highlighted in
the map.

Currently, the square is a traffic

junction connecting the main
highway to Gomti Ghat and sea
front promenade. The junction
sees heavy traffic during tourist
season as the road towards the
south leads to a parking area
for buses and cars. During the
day, the square is used for Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC
parking by autos, local shop
keepers and visitors to the area. During early morning hours, freight vehicles also enter the
square to service the vegetable shops and stalls at the market. Dwarka Municipality
operates a bus service to bet Dwarka departing from their office in the vegetable market
building.

Heritage assets in zone 2

 Vegetable market structure
 Information centre

These are some significant heritage structures in the zone.The square houses a vegetable
market building constructed during the first half of twenthieth century. The structure is built in
colonial architectural style, much like other buildings constructed during the period. Adjacent
to the vegetable market building, an information cum exhibition centre has been setup by the
Department of Information, GoG. The information cum exhibition centre runs in a building
with hertiage improtance constructed during the colonial period.

The square is highly significant for heritage and tourism but does not have adequate
signage, street furniture, pedestrian facilities and plan to manage vending activities. The
following table highlights the characteristic of the area.

S. No. Parameter Indicator

1 Category Public plaza, market square
Vegetable market and a few other structures built in colonial
2 Heritage value attached
architectural style
To redeem the square as a public space by segregating
3 Objective vehicular and pedestrian traffic; prepare design guidelines for
buildings surrounding the square for architectural harmony.
Pedestrian plaza, barrier free access, organising vendors,
4 Focus components
providing street furniture and provide parking.
Area of the Heritage
5 Approximately 10,000 sqm
Zone

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 87

 Figure 40 Vegetable market square

SWOT / SWOC Analysis of the Heritage Area

Strengths
- The vegetable market square is one of the most prominent transit node in the city
- The square houses an information centre run by the Department of Information, GoG
- City tour buses operated by Dwarka Municipality start from the square
- The square is a prominent space for visitors as well as for residents for local
shopping and eateries
- It is one of the largest open space in the otherwise dense old core of the city
- The square houses of some heritage structures including the vegetable market
building and presents the image of a heritage city
- The square is active for most times of the day with multiple activities such as
vending, eateries, city tour bus departure and religious ceremonies taking place

Weaknesses
- The most important asset of the square – the vegetable market, is showing signs of
structural weakness
- Garbage can be found at the square and its adjacent streets at all times
- Unregulated vending in the square hinders movement in the square
- Haphazard parking of private vehicles, auto-rickshaws and jeeps makes movement
through the square inconvenient, and at times hazardous.
- Due to heavy movement of vehicles through the square, it has become a centre of
conflict between pedestrians and vehicles
- Stray cattle can be found in the square resulting in dung all over
- There are no seating and resting places in the square
- There are no signage at the square to direct visitors to prominent places in the city
- There are no clean public conveniences in and around the square leading to
inconvenience to the visitors

Opportunities
- The square presents an opportunity to be developed as a prominent heritage square
through appropriate design and regulation of built fabric around it
- In case of pedestrianisation of the old core permanently or during festivals (as
suggested by some stakeholders), the square can serve as the starting point for a
shuttle service to the temple and other places of interest in the old core.
- One of the roads from the square is lined with prominent temples (including
Swaminarayan Temple and Birla Temple) and dharmashalas, and leads further to
Gomti Ghat and Samudra Narayan Beach. This provides an opportunity for
commercial activities in the buildings surrounding the square and thus playing a
crucial role in local economic development

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 88

Threats
- There is heavy vehicular thoroughfare to the parking near Mukti Dham at Samudra
Narayan Beach. This poses a serious threat to the square with increasing traffic. If
unaddressed, the square may end up losing its public space to road
- Beyond the square towards the old core, the square provides parking space for
private vehicles. In the absence of any measures to control parking, the square may
end up being a parking lot.
- The crumbling heritage structures pose a threat to the heritage character of the
square
- Unchecked encroachments in and around the square may lead to further congestion
and deteriorate the quality of public space
- Poor cleanliness at the square has deteriorated the quality of the place and may lead
to potential health hazard

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 89

 Map 38 Base map of Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 90

 Map 39 Building use map of Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 91

 Map 40 Building height map of Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 92

 Map 41 Built vs. open map for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 93

 Figure 41 Activity map during mornings for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 94

 Map 42 Activity map during evenings for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 95

Proposed Plan
The proposal to make civic improvements in vegetable market square originates from
addressing various issues highlighted by the stakeholders and the analysis conducted by
UMC of the site. The issues identified have been listed below and the strategies and
corresponding solutions to address the issues have been proposed. As discussed earlier,
the solutions have been categorised as
A. New infrastructure/ equipment capital works
B. Repair of existing infrastructure/ equipment
C. Operation, maintenance and management
D. Tie-up with larger city level planning and policy solutions

S. No. Issues Strategies and solutions proposed Nature of solution

Loss of heritage character
due to reconstruction of
Prepare architectural design
1 buildings without D
guidelines
respecting local
architectural style
Handover cleaning of the square to
the proposed SPV (refer page Error!
Poor cleanliness of the C
2 Bookmark not defined. for details
area about the SPV) for O&M
Provide dustbins at suitable locations A
Crumbling roof of the Undertake restoration and
3 B
vegetable market strengthening of the structure
Repair and renovate the public toilets B
Poorly maintained public
4 Handover cleaning of the public toilet
toilet near the square C
to the proposed SPV for O&M
Repair existing footpaths, construct
Haphazard movement of
new footpaths, construction of curbs/
5 vehicles and pedestrians in A and B
bollards and add road marking for
the square
vehicles
Potholed roads due to
Repair and resurface roads as per
6 recent digging for water B
design guidelines
supply and drainage lines
Vendors occupying the
Identify and provide license to
7 square in an unorganized D and C
vendors, and design vending space
manner
Create a city level cattle management
8 Cattle nuisance C
plan and tie up operations with it
Absence of sitting and
9 Provide benches A
resting places for visitors
10 Poor lighting of the area Provide street lights A
Absence of way finding
Provide signage and setup
11 signage and information A
information kiosks
kiosks for visitors
Increasing vehicular Introduce access control in the old
thoroughfare destined to core of the city in conformity with the D
12 the parking near Mukti mobility plan of the city.
Dham, Samudra Narayan Construct a boarding point/ stop for
Beach A
city level shuttle service
Lay ducts for underground cables for
Visual clutter due to
13 electricity, telecom and cable A
overhead cables
television

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 96

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 97
 Map 43 Proposed concept plan of Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 98

Block cost estimate for the proposed concept plan

Table 12 Block cost estimate for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)
Particulars Area Rate Cost (INR) Quantity Cost (INR)
(Sqm) (INR)/unit
Paving
1. Construction of 2500 900/sqm. 900 2500 2250000
new footpath
2. Repairing of 1000 600/sqm. 600 1000 600000
existing footpath
3. Vendor Space 1000 1200/sqm. 1200 1000 1200000
4. Kerb stones r length 50/ unit 50 415 20750
each
Landscape 1800 1700/ sqm. 1700 1800 3060000
development
Parking 550 4000/cu.m. 4000 550 2200000
Bollards 10,000/unit 10000 20 200000
Street lights 60,000/unit 60000 20 1200000
(International Brands)
Sculptures Lump sum
Benches 20,000/bench 20000 20 600000
Information kiosk 100000/unit 100000 4 400000
Signage 60,000/unit 60000 5 300000
Toilets
1. New toilet 75,000/toilet 75000 12 900000
construction seat
2. Repairing cost 50,000 (lump 50000 2 100000
sum)
Drinking water stations 10,00,000/unit
1000000 3 3000000
Information plates for 10,000/unit10000 4 40000
heritage structures
Vegetable market 80 8000000 1 8000000
buildings lakh/structure
CCTV camera 6000/unit 6000 4 24000
Resurfacing of 4000 800/sqm. 800 4000 3200000
roads
Utility Duct 40000/m 250 10000000
Total 37694750
Three crore seventy six lakhs ninety four thousand seven hundred fifty
All costs have been calculated with applicable rates in 2015-16. These rates are tentative and are subject to
change.

Table 13 Area statement for Vegetable Market Square (Heritage Zone 02)
Space for Development Area (sqm)
Vegetable Market Restoration 1,000
Landscape Development as public space 1,300
Space for handicrafts and vending activities 1,000
Parking for two wheelers 475
Footpath for pedestrian movement 2,650
Carriage way for vehicles 4,000
Information kiosk 20
Toilet and Drinking water stations 200
Total 10,645
The areas have been calculated based on the drawings prepared using Google Earth satellite image. The areas
are subject to change during the DPR stage.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 99

 9.4. Heritage zone 03 – Siddheshwar Mahadev precinct
Siddheshwar Mahadev precinct is an Map 44 Heritage Zone 03 - Siddheshwar
important public square with several old Mahadev Precinct
temple around it and a historic step well
located in the square. The precinct is
thronged by monks (sadhus) and attracts
pilgrims. Moreover it is in close proximity
to the vegetable market square which is
one of the Heritage Zone.

The square is surrounded by seminaries

and residential areas. Across the road
from the square is the PVM Girls High
School (locally known as Sindhu Sadan) –
a heritage structure built in colonial style
of architecture.
Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC
Heritage assets in zone3
 Siddeshwar mahadev temple
 Savitri vav
 Ramji temple
 Old town hall
 Old public library now in delapidated condition.

Owing to its religious significance and conglomerate of historic assets, this site has been
selected as Heritage Zone to be developed under the HRIDAY project.
S. No. Parameter Indicator
1 Category Precinct/ open public square/ plaza
Cluster of temples; historic stepwell of architectural
2 Heritage value attached
significance
To improve the civic amenities at the precinct/ square for
3 Objective
monks, residents and visitors
Paving and landscape of the square, design guidelines for
4 Focus components surrounding buildings, street furniture, information signage,
street lighting, parking, public toilets and parking
Area of the Heritage
5 Approximately 2,500 sqm
Zone

Figure 42 Siddheshwar Mahadev Square and step well

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 100

SWOT / SWOC Analysis of the Heritage Area

Strengths
- The Siddheshwar Mahadev plaza is provides a peaceful respite amidst the otherwise
crowded old core, even during the festivals
- The plaza is very well connected to the vegetable market square and the Samudra
Narayan Beach and is a short 5 minute walk away from these two prominent centres
of the city
- There is a stepwell, a few temples and remains of an old graveyard enhancing its
heritage and traditional significance
- It is usually thronged by monks who spend a lot of time in the plaza resting and
praying. It is a unique space in the city housing such activities.

Weaknesses
- The place is little known to tourists and not many people visit despite its heritage
importance.
- Being an open plaza, there is a nuisance of cattle excreta and stagnant water pools
especially during monsoon.
- The plaza has garbage strewn around and a lot of it is dumped in the stepwell
- The plaza is poorly maintained with broken paving and potholed roads.
- The plaza lacks appropriate street furniture and street lighting making the space
unusable during evenings

Opportunities
- The plaza is in proximity and well connecting to the vegetable market square to and
Samudra Narayan Beach presenting an opportunity to develop it as a prominent
tourist attraction.
- Moreover, with presence of heritage structures, temples and a stepwell, more visitors
can be encouraged to perform the rituals at the site and promote its cultural vibrancy
- The space also presents an opportunity to be developed as a public space for the
local residents and monks in the nearby dharmashalas.

Threats
- The plaza has open space, has access through major roads and is in proximity to
major attractions of the city which may lead to visitors parking their vehicles in the
plaza.
- In the absence of design guidelines for surrounding building, the plaza may lose its
heritage character if new buildings/ renovations to existing buildings are not sensitive
in design towards the plaza.
- Local stakeholders including the residents and monks may perceive it as a nuisance
unless consulted extensively during the redevelopment of the plaza.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 101

 Map 45 Base map of Siddheshwar Mahadev (Heritage Zone 03)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 102

 Map 46 Building use map of Siddheshwar Mahadev (Heritage Zone 03)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 103

 Map 47 Building height map of Siddheshwar Mahadev (Heritage Zone 03)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 104

Proposed Plan
The proposal to make civic improvements at the Siddheshwar Mahadev precinct originates
from addressing various issues highlighted by the stakeholders and the analysis conducted
by UMC of the site. The issues identified have been listed below and the strategies and
corresponding solutions to address the issues have been proposed. The solutions have
been categorised as
A. New infrastructure/ equipment capital works
B. Repair of existing infrastructure/ equipment
C. Operation, maintenance and management
D. Tie-up with larger city level solution

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 105

 Map 48 Proposed concept plan of Siddheshwar Mahadev (Heritage Zone 03)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 106

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 107
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 108
S. No. Issues Strategies and solutions proposed Nature of solution
Handover cleaning of the square to
Poor cleanliness of the C
1 the proposed SPV for O&M
area
Provide dustbins at suitable locations A
Non-functional and Repair existing street lights and install
2 A and B
inadequate street lights new ones as per the requirements
Broken street pavement Repair the existing pavement and
and inadequate construct new pavement wherever A and B
footpaths required
Build public toilet and drinking water
No proper drinking water A
facility
3 facilities and public toilet
immediate Handover cleaning of the public toilet
C
to the proposed SPV for O&M

Repair and restoration work of the

4 Dilapidated stepwell B
stepwell as per design.

Create a city level cattle management

5 Cattle nuisance C
plan and tie up operations with it
Absence of sitting and Provide benches and construct otla
6 resting places for (raised plinth in front of the buildings A
visitors used as seating and resting place)
Absence of information Install signage and information kiosks,
7 kiosks, signage and art and local artisan art or sculpture A and D
display area display area in the plaza

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 109

 Table 14 Block cost estimate for Siddheshwar Mahadev Precinct (Heritage Zone 03)
Area
Particulars Cost/unit Units Cost
(sqm.)
Stalls and Kiosk 500 2500/sqm 500 12,50,000
concrete plaza 1,000 1200/sqm 1,000 12,00,000
Bollard (precast concrete) 10,000/unit 120 12,00,000
paving 500 900/sqm 500 4,50,000
landscape (including plants & soft
500 1700/sqm 500 8,50,000
)
Parking 750 4000/cu.m. 750 30,00,000
street lights (International brand) 60000/unit 50 30,00,000
sculptures 200000/unit 2 4,00,000
benches (as designed) 18000/bench 50 9,00,000
signage (Digital + reflective) 60000/unit 15 9,00,000
10 lakh/unit
drinking water stations (RO) 3 30,00,000
(lump sum)
electronic Information displays for
10000/unit 5 50,000
heritage structures (customized)
CCTV cameras (International
6000/unit 8 48,000
brand)
Restoration of façade of selected
2500/sqm 1,100 27,50,000
buildings 1,100
Restoration of Siddheshwar
3000/sqm 1,800 54,00,000
temple 1,800
Total 243,98,000

Particulars Area (sqm) Cost/unit Units Cost

Road 7.5x750 m 800/sq.mt. 4500 3600000
Paving (2+2) m x 750 m 900/sq.mt. 2500 2250000
Kerbs 0. 5 m running length 50 / unit 3000 150000
Inspection chambers at every 12 m 7225/unit 100 722500
Dustbin 1600/unit 60 96000
Tree pits hume pipes 300 mm dia per 12 m 1000/unit 120 120000
Street parking 10x2 m 4000/cu.m. 750 3000000
Total 99,38,500

GRAND TOTAL (A+B) = INR 343 lakh

All costs have been calculated with applicable rates in 2015-16. These rates are tentative and are subject to
change.

Table 15 Area statement for Siddheshwar Mahadev Precinct (Heritage Zone 03)
Space for Development Area (sqm)
Stalls and Kiosk 100
Concrete plaza 900
Paving 450
Landscape 247
Parking 312
Total 2,009
The areas have been calculated based on the drawings prepared using Google Earth satellite image. The areas
are subject to change during the DPR stage.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 110

 9.5. Heritage zone 04 – Main Processional Street
(Darshan Path) from Iskon Gate to Dwarkadhish Temple
The temple is accessed by routes from the Map 49 Heritage Zone 04–Darshan Path
highway. The main traditional route is the one (Iskon to Dwarkadhish Temple)
leading from Kaklash Kund at the northern end of
the old core of Dwarka. This route also forms a
segment of the processional route from
Rukshmani Temple further 2.5 km north of the city.

The route is about 600 metres in length and varies

from 6 to 20 metres in width along its length. The
street has a mix of residential and commerical
activities along it.

Heritage assets in zone 4

- Natural heritage: Ravla Lake
- Kaklaksh kund
- Randal mata and Surya Narayan Temple

At the northern end of the street is the Ravla Talav

– a prominent public place. Tourism Corporation of
Gujarat Limited (TCGL) and Gujarat Pavitra
Yatradham Vikas Board (GPYVB) have recently
developed stepped edges, wallways, street
furniture, lighting and other public amenities at the
site.

A few metres south of the Ravla Talav is the

Kaklash Kund – a holy tank with religious and Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC
architectural significance. During the procession,
rituals are performed at the Kaklash Kund. TCGL and GPYVB have constructed canopies
around the tank and cladded the steps of the tank with stone. The tank has idols carved on
its steps and is surrounded by temples.

This site has been selected as a Heritage Zone to be developed under the HRIDAY project.
S. No. Parameter Indicator
1 Category Streetscape
Main path leading from the highway to the temple; spots for
2 Heritage value attached performing rituals along the street; heritage structures along the
street
To create primarily pedestrian street (by limiting vehicles and
3 Objective
not complete pedestrianisation), regulating parking and vending
Pedestrian pathways, barrier free street, street furniture, street
4 Focus components lighting, resting spaces, public toilets and elevation control for
buildings along the street.
Area of the Heritage
5 Approximately 600 metres
Zone

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 111

 Figure 43 Main entry to the Darshan Path (left); Street view (right)

Figure 44 Kaklash Kund at the northern end of the street

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 112

 Map 50 Base map of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 113

 Map 51 Building use map of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 114

 Map 52 Building height map of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 115

 Map 53 Built vs. open cum activity map of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 116

SWOT / SWOC Analysis of the Heritage Area
Strengths
- This route is the most prominent processional and ceremonial route leading to
Dwarkadhish Temple
- The street is bustling with activities including hotels, restaurants and retail shopping
- There are several heritage structures along the street including Kaklash Kund and
some dharmashalas

Weaknesses
- Street has a bottle necks at some places which obstruct the smooth movement of the
vehicular traffic today
- Unpaved and potholed street surface along this street
- The street has been found dirty on many occasions and garbage is found littered all
over
- There are no roadside dustbins along the road
- Unregulated vending along the street hinders movement in the square
- Haphazard parking of private vehicles, auto-rickshaws and jeeps makes movement
through the street inconvenient and at times hazardous.
- Stray cattle can be found in the street resulting in dung all over
- There are no seating and resting places along the street, except Kaklash Kund
- There is hardly any signage to orient and direct the visitor to the temple
- There are no clean public conveniences along the street leading to inconvenience to
the visitors

Opportunities
- The street has potential to provide efficient connectivity to the temple forecourt
- It has a potential to provide the on street parking space for visitors to the temple
- It is possible to accommodate public conveniences along the street as land is
available

Threats
- The major threat is the safety of the pedestrian is uncontrolled traffic movement and
stray cattle
- Lack the of the designated parking space along the street increase the obstruction in
the smooth traffic movement
- The bad condition of the heritage structure along the street pose threat to the
heritage character of the street.
- Encroachment and improper implementation of the control regulation, bottlenecks
hamper the smooth traffic movement.

Proposed Plan
The proposal to make civic improvements in street from Iskon gate to Jodhabha Chowk to
Temple forecourt originates from addressing various issues highlighted by the stakeholders
and the analysis conducted by UMC of the site. The issues identified have been listed below
and the strategies and corresponding solutions to address the issues have been proposed.
The solutions have been categorised as
A. New infrastructure/ equipment capital works
B. Repair of existing infrastructure/ equipment
C. Operation, maintenance and management
D. Tie-up with larger city level solution

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 117

S. No. Issues Strategies and solutions proposed Nature of solution
Loss of heritage character
due to reconstruction of
Prepare architectural design
1 buildings without D
guidelines
respecting local
architectural style
Handover cleaning of the square to
Poor cleanliness of the C
2 the proposed SPV for O&M
area
Provide dustbins at suitable locations A
Repair and renovate the public toilet B
Poorly maintained public
3 Handover cleaning of the public toilet
toilet C
to the proposed SPV for O&M
Poorly maintained Eliminate secondary collection bins
4 secondary waste collection from the main processional routes, A and C
bin site provide dustbins along the road
Review and revise the present crowd
Overcrowding during
5 management measures adopted by C
festivals
security
Repair existing footpaths, construct
new footpaths, construction of curbs/
Haphazard movement of A and B
bollards and add road marking for
5 vehicles and pedestrians in vehicles
the street
Construct a boarding point/ stop for
A
city level shuttle service
Potholed roads due to
Repair and resurface roads as per
6 recent digging for water B
design guidelines
supply and drainage lines
Vendors occupy the street Identify and provide license to
7 D and C
in an unorganized manner vendors, and design vending space
Create a city level cattle management
8 Cattle nuisance C
plan and tie up operations with it
Absence of sitting and
9 Provide benches A
resting places for visitors
10 Poor lighting of the area Provide street lights A

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 118

 Map 54 Proposed concept plan of Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 119

 Map 55 Street sections along Darshan Path (Iskon)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 120

Block cost estimate for the proposed concept plan

Table 16 Block cost estimate for Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04)
Total Cost
Particulars Area (sqm) Cost (INR)/ Unit Quantity
(INR)
Construction of footpath 4440 900/ sqm 4440 3,995,696
Vendors space 150 2000/ sqm 150 300,000
Parking 562 4000/ cum 562 2,248,000
Street lights 35000/ unit 119 4,760,000
Benches 20000/ bench 7 140,000
Signage 10000 40 400,000
1,00,000/ toilet
Toilets 8 800,000
seat
Drinking water stations 400000 1 400,000
Information plates for heritage
10000/ unit 2 20,000
structures
Resurfacing of roads 3537 800/ sqm. 3537 2,829,603
Demolition of existing toilet 40 200/ cum 40 8,000
Street dustbins 1600/ dustbin 60 96,000
Utility Duct 40000/m 620 24,800,000
Landscape development 60 1,700/sq.m 60 36,557
Total 40,899,300
Approx. 4 crores 9 lakhs
All costs have been calculated with applicable rates in 2015-16. These rates are tentative and are subject to
change.

Table 17 Area statement for Darshan Path (Iskon) (Heritage Zone 04)
Space for Development Area (sqm)
Street vendor 44
Road surface (tar) road 4750
Paved area 50
Unpaved 9560
Building 5
Parking 300
Total 14,709
The areas have been calculated based on the drawings prepared using Google Earth satellite image. The areas
are subject to change during the DPR stage.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 121

 9.6. Heritage zone 05 –Darshan Path (Teen Batti to
Dwarkadhish Temple)
The temple is accessed by routes from the highway. The main traditional route is the one
leading from Kaklash Kund at the northern end of the old core of Dwarka. Another route
followed by visitors, is via the Teen Batti Chowk and the main market street leading to the
temple.

The route is about 300 metres in length and varies from 6 to 15 metres in width along its
length. The street has a mix of residential and commerical activities along it.

Heritage structures in zone 5

 Residentail typlogy
 Colonial dharamshalas

At the northern end of the street is the Teen Batti – a prominent junction in the old core. A
few metres south of the Teen Batti chowk starts the traditional retail market of the old core of
Dwarka. The zig-zag street leads to the north-western end of the Dwarkadhish Temple
complex.This site has been selected as a Heritage Zone to be developed under the HRIDAY
project.

S. No. Parameter Indicator

1 Category Streetscape
Main path leading from Teen Batti to the temple; lined with
2 Heritage value attached
tradtional retail market; heritage structures along the street
To create primarily pedestrian street (by limiting vehicles and
3 Objective
not complete pedestrianisation), regulating parking and vending
Pedestrian pathways, barrier free street, street furniture, street
4 Focus components lighting, resting spaces, public toilets and elevation control for
buildings along the street.
Area of the Heritage
5 Approximately 300 metres
Zone

SWOT / SWOC Analysis of the Heritage Area

Strengths
- This route is a prominent processional and ceremonial route leading to Dwarkadhish
Temple
- The street is bustling with activities including restaurants and retail shopping
- There are several residential heritage structures along the street.

Weaknesses
- Street has a bottle necks at some places which obstruct the smooth movement of the
vehicular traffic today
- The street has been found dirty on many occasions and garbage is found littered all
over
- There are no roadside dustbins along the road
- Unregulated vending along the street hinders movement in the square
- Haphazard parking of private vehicles, auto-rickshaws and jeeps makes movement
through the street inconvenient and at times hazardous.
- Stray cattle can be found in the street resulting in dung all over
- There is hardly any signage to orient and direct the visitor to the temple
- There are no clean public conveniences along the street leading to inconvenience to
the visitors

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 122

Opportunities
- The street has potential to provide efficient connectivity to the temple forecourt
- It has a potential to develop as dedicated street market
- It is possible to accommodate public conveniences along the street near some
junctions

Threats
- The major threat is the safety of the pedestrian is uncontrolled traffic movement
- Encroachment and improper implementation of the control regulation, bottlenecks
hamper the smooth traffic movement.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 123

 Map 56 Base map of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 124

 Map 57 Built vs. open map of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05)

nc

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 125

 Map 58 Building use map of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 126

 Map 59 Activity map of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 127

Proposed Plan
The proposal to make civic improvements in street from Teen Batti Chowk to Temple
forecourt originates from addressing various issues highlighted by the stakeholders and the
analysis conducted by UMC of the site. The issues identified have been listed below and the
strategies and corresponding solutions to address the issues have been proposed. The
solutions have been categorised as
A. New infrastructure/ equipment capital works
B. Repair of existing infrastructure/ equipment
C. Operation, maintenance and management
D. Tie-up with larger city level solution

S. No. Issues Strategies and solutions proposed Nature of solution

Loss of heritage character
due to reconstruction of
Prepare architectural design
1 buildings without D
guidelines
respecting local
architectural style
Handover cleaning of the square to
Poor cleanliness of the C
2 the proposed SPV for O&M
area
Provide dustbins at suitable locations A
Review and revise the present crowd
Overcrowding during
5 management measures adopted by C
festivals
security
Repair existing footpaths, construct
new footpaths, construction of curbs/
Haphazard movement of A and B
bollards and add road marking for
5 vehicles and pedestrians in vehicles
the street
Construct a boarding point/ stop for
A
city level shuttle service
Potholed roads due to
Repair and resurface roads as per
6 recent digging for water B
design guidelines
supply and drainage lines
Vendors occupy the street Identify and provide license to
7 D and C
in an unorganized manner vendors, and design vending space
Create a city level cattle management
8 Cattle nuisance C
plan and tie up operations with it
Absence of sitting and
9 Provide benches A
resting places for visitors
10 Poor lighting of the area Provide street lights A

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 128

 Map 60 Proposed concept plan of Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 129

 Map 61 Proposed traffic rerouting map for Darshan Path

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 130

Block cost estimate for the proposed concept plan

Table 18 Block cost estimate for Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05)
Area
Particulars Cost/unit Units Cost (INR)
(sqm.)
Construction of footpath 2663 900/ sqm 2670 24,03,000
Vendors space 65 2000/ sqm 70 1,40,000
Parking 65 4000/ cum 70 2,80,000
Street lights 60000/ unit 60 36,00,000
Benches 20000/ bench 10 2,00,000
Signage 10000 30 3,00,000
Drinking water stations 400000 2 8,00,000
Information plates for heritage
structures 10000/ unit 2 20,000
Resurfacing of roads 665 800/ sqm. 670 5,36,000
Street dustbins 1600/ dustbin 60 96,000
Utility Duct 46000/m 365 167,90,000
Total 215,65,000
All costs have been calculated with applicable rates in 2015-16. These rates are tentative and are subject to
change.

Table 19 Area statement for Darshan Path (Teen Batti) (Heritage Zone 05)
Space for Development Area (sqm)
Street vendor 65
Road surface ( tar) road 665
Paved area 2663
Parking 65
Total 3,458
The areas have been calculated based on the drawings prepared using Google Earth satellite image. The areas
are subject to change during the DPR stage.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 131

10. Investment Plan and Source of Funding
Project Costing
The total investment required for implementing the recommendations of the five selected
Heritage Zones is approximately INR 19.86 crore. HRIDAY mission has allocated INR 22
crore for Dwarka.

Table 20 Summary of investment for six Heritage Zones

S. No. Heritage Zone Budget (INR
in lakh)
1 Development of forecourt of Dwarkadhish Temple 642
2 Development of Vegetable Market 377
3 Development of Siddheshwar Mahadev 343
4 Development of street from Iskon Gate to Dwarkadhish Temple 409
5 Development of street from Teen Batti to Dwarkadhish Temple 215
TOTAL (Heritage Zones) 1,986

Project Phasing
As per the HRIDAY guidelines, the Heritage Zone projects would be implemented in the
mission period, i.e. March 2017.

Source of Funding
The primary source of funding for the above budget is HRIDAY mission. The funds have
been provided by the Government of India to UD&UHD, GoG. To implement other projects
from the shelf of projects, the following schemes/ missions of the national and state
governments can be considered.
1. SWADESH DARSHAN
2. PRASAD
3. AMRUT
4. National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM)
5. Chardham Connectivity Project
6. Zila Ayojan Grant (District Planning Grant)
7. MP/ MLA funds
8. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) through private companies and public sector
undertakings (PSU)
9. Public private partnership (PPP)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 132

11. Implementation Plan & Monitoring Mechanism
The CLAMC after much deliberation recommends formation of a special purpose vehicle
(SPV) for operation and maintenance of the urban development projects implemented by
TCGL, GPYVB, HRIDAY and other organisations. In addition to O&M of existing projects, it
is recommended that the SPV shall also undertake implementation of the projects under
HRIDAY, PRASAD, SWADESH DARSHAN, AMRUT and other national and state initiatives.

Going by the recommendation of the CLAMC, any organisation with a project proposal/
concept would entrust the SPV for its further design, preparation of facilities management
plan, DPR preparation, appointment of contractors and monitoring execution of the project.
Upon completion, the operation and maintenance of the project should also be handed over
to the SPV.

The SPV may be provided an initial seed capital by the Government of Gujarat, and the SPV
shall develop a revenue generation model from potential sources such as parking fee,
shuttle service, user charges against services to shops and establishments, entry fee
(wherever applicable) and O&M funds from TCGL, GPYVB, Urban Development and Urban
Housing Department (UD&UHD), GoG, Dwarka Municipality and Okha Municipality.

The SPV may be governed by a board comprising of ex-officio members from the District
Administration, Dwarka and Okha municipalities, UD&UHD, TCGL, GPYVB, representation
of NGOs/ CBOs, citizen representatives, academic institutions, professionals in the fields of
architecture/ heritage/ urban design and administrative offices of Dwarkadhish Temples in
Dwarka and Bet Dwarka.

Further details about the legal incorporation, jurisdiction, financing and details roles and
responsibilities of the SPV would be decided by the district administration subsequently
along with the state government.

Figure 45 Area proposed to be under the SPV

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 133

12. Promotion Program and Marketing Strategies
Promotion and marketing of Dwarka as a tourist and pilgrimage destination is very important
to attract visitors and tourists to the city. In the past, TCGL has promoted tourism with the
popular ‘Khushboo Gujarat ki’ (Fragrance of Gujarat) campaign along with many other
initiatives. Such national and international level campaigns are required for promotion and
marketing of Dwarka. Some other initiatives needed for promotion and marketing of Dwarka-
Bet Dwarka are as follows:
1. National circuit of Char Dham Yatra should be promoted including Dwarka
2. Special packages in discussion with airlines, railways and regional bus services
should be developed for Dwarka
3. Prepare promotion material including brochures, pamphlets, coffee table books,
publication on history of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka
4. Prepare audio guides about the history and mythology related with the city and with
Lord Krishna. Special audio guides for heritage walk should be prepared orienting the
visitors to the heritage of the city.
5. TCGL should develop a mobile app which provides history of Dwarka and can also
be used for navigating the city, heritage walk and accessing tourist facilities in the city
6. Prepare merchandise like t-shirts, caps, scarfs, key chains, souvenirs, posters, etc.
based on Dwarka and Bet Dwarka
7. Regular television, radio and social media campaigns should be conducted by TCGL
for promoting tourism in Dwarka
8. The City Museum of Dwarka should also undertake promotion of art, culture and
heritage of the region. The museum should expand its collection of book and
artefacts in a coordinated manner with other library and private collectors of
antiquities
9. Department of Museums should also bring back the under-water excavated remains
from National Institute of Oceanography, Goa. The marine archaeological remains
are a huge asset and can be used for promoting tourism and marketing the city.
10. Introduction of water adventure sports will also attract many tourists in the city
11. Integration of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka in a regional, state or national circuit will help
in promoting tourism in the city. Some of the potential circuits are
a. Char Dham Yatra
b. Krishna Circuit proposed by SWADESH DARSHAN
c. Ambaji-Dwarka-Somnath-Dakor circuit
d. Regional Jamnagar-Dwarka circuit

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 134

13. Strategies for Operation and Maintenance
As discussed in the ‘Chapter 12. The Implementation Plan & Monitoring Mechanism’, the
O&M of all projects implemented under HRIDAY will be undertaken by the SPV. For O&M,
the SPV’s role will to be take care of regular cleaning, security, repairs and maintenance of
the following areas
1. New Gomti Ghat
2. Old Gomti Ghat
3. Samudra Narayan Beach
4. Sudama Setu
5. Panchkui Island
6. Reliance Road, parking and public convenience
7. Ravla Lake and Kaklash Kund
8. Sunset Point
9. Picnic Spot at Bhadkeshwar Mahadev
10. Heritage Zones
a. Temple forecourt and 56 steps
b. Vegetable market square
c. Siddheshwar Mahadev
d. Darshan Path (Iskon Gate to Dwarkadhish Temple)
e. Darshan Path (Teen Batti to Dwarkadhish Temple)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 135

14. Creation of Shelf of Projects
As discussed in the ‘Chapter 8. Prioritisation of Assets’, the shelf of projects for Dwarka-Bet
Dwarka has been categorised as 1. Infrastructure projects, and 2. Studies, programs and
O&M projects. The shelf of projects has been provided below.

Infrastructure projects
1. Development of Vegetable Market
2. Development of forecourt of Dwarkadhish Temple
3. Development of Siddheshwar Mahadev
4. Development of street from Iskon Gate to Dwarkadhish Temple
5. Development of street from Teen Batti to Dwarkadhish Temple
6. Development of Tourism Circuit of Dwarka-Shivrajpur-Bet Dwarka-Gopi Talav-
Nageshwar
a. Development of jetties at Okha and Bet Dwarka
b. Development of arrival plaza at Bet Dwarka
c. Development of Darshan Path
d. Improvements in and around Dwarkadhish Temple, Bet Dwarka
e. Development of Ranchhod, Ratan and Shankhoddar Lakes
f. Development at Hanuman Dandi
7. Development of sea-link connecting Bet Dwarka to Samrasar
8. Development of Panchkui Island
9. Redevelopment of Dwarka Bus Stand
10. Development of Mayasar Lake
11. Development around Rukshmani Temple
12. Establishment of Sound and Light/ Laser Show
13. Street redevelopment of all major streets of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka
14. Development of Scientific Landfill Site
15. Pedestrianisation of processional routes and provision of eco-friendly shuttle service
16. Development of night shelters at suitable locations

Studies, programs and O&M projects

1. Creation of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for O&M of above projects
2. Municipal revenue improvement plan
3. Listing and notification of heritage structures
4. Preparation of heritage conservation guidelines and heritage management plan (on
the lines of AUDA)
5. Start a Heritage Walk
6. Develop a mobile app for orienting visitors to Dwarka
7. Prepare an disaster management plan and coastal zone management plan
8. Prepare and implement crowd management plan
9. Prepare and implement transport management plan
10. Prepare and implement street vendors’ management plan
11. Prepare and implement street cattle management plan
12. Prepare unified GIS based database for coordinating underground utilities planning,
implementation and maintenance.
13. Impart training to priests and other funcitonaries in Dwarka to create a visitor friendly
experience for pilgrims
14. Prepare a SWM master plan to make Dwarka a zero waste city
15. Prepare an open defecation free city plan for Dwarka

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 136

15. City Specific Toolkits Creation
The city specific toolkit is intended to guide the DPR preparation of civic infrastructure
development plans (CIDP) under the HRIDAY project. This toolkit will guide the consultants
while preparing the DPRs for the Heritage Zones. The toolkit will also serve as a guidebook
for the municipality for planning future development projects of the city, especially the
heritage areas.

This toolkit provides guidelines for development for varied projects include precincts, streets,
open spaces and buildings. Specific toolkit has been prepared for each of the project
category listed below.
1. Area-wide urban guideline toolkit: This describes issues which apply generally
throughout the delineated heritage areas.
2. Public streetscape, plaza and open space guideline toolkit: The major focus is on the
streetscape, plaza and open space environment which affects the pedestrian. These
guidelines propose the adoption of a uniform philosophy through shared vision for
open spaces and plazas within urban centres. This vision would result in the focus of
pedestrian activity pre-eminently over vehicular modal transport in urban settings.
This includes all the elements that can make a pedestrian comfortable such as the
sidewalk, street trees, street furniture, and the facade of the building, open spaces
and plazas are public spaces, and that these natural public amenities encourage
human occupancy.
3. Building guideline toolkit and Palette creation: These guidelines include
recommendations for the physical makeup and shape of construction inside the
property lines and highlight all the materials and components which can be used in
the heritage area.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 137

 15.1. Area-wide Urban Guideline Toolkit
Area wide urban guideline toolkit will enable the consultant to understand the gaps identified
by the HCA and will provide a framework to prepare a comprehensive DPR highlighting the
needs, to fill the gaps prevailing in the city with respect to the vision of the City HRIDAY
Plan.

This toolkit shall be largely applicable throughout the HRIDAY delineated area and
specifically applicable to identified Heritage Zones.

Area wide urban guideline toolkit will provide a broad framework to be followed at a macro context
which will be applicable to every Heritage Zone selected. This toolkit will provide the consultant with
a template of broad parameters of Do’s and Don’ts, which are to be followed while preparation of
the Detailed Project Report. These guidelines will hence bind the complete city and its structures of
heritage value through parameters such as building re-use, Bye-laws, Development Control
Regulations (DCR) across a buffer area of the Heritage Zone, parking facilities, connectivity, etc.
The template is designed by considering the vision of the CHP on the existing condition and a DPR
guided by the toolkit will have to be prepared by the consultant.

S. Parameter Guidelines
No.
1 Bye-laws 200 m 500 m
(within buffer area)
2 Development Control All Heritage Zones to follow the recommended DCRs such as setbacks,
Regulations form, fenestration, façade and accessibility guidelines developed under this
category. The detail checklist for the DCR is provided in Annexure 3.
3 Vista / Avenues Any element or component of building such as balcony projections, weather
hang, roof, or infrastructure facilities such as light poles, electric pole,
communication tower, tree trunk or tree foliage, canopies, gazebos, gates,
kiosks, information booth, public amenity or parking facilities, etc. in form of
temporary or permanent nature shall not be built within the area which
provides a strong lateral or linear vista of the main temple.

This shall be applicable for the entire historic core of Dwarka.

4 Re-adaptation of Any area or part of the area within the plot boundary or the legal premise or
the built space building footprint of the selected Heritage Zone if is abandoned or not-in-use
in the existing situation than adaptive re-use of this premise shall be
proposed in the DPR with a detailed program and spatial re-use of the
space mentioned in the DPR.
5 Civic art / sculpture Any form of art, paint or sculpted which is relevant and referral to the
heritage or traditional ethos of the place shall be encouraged with a strict
guideline mentioning the size and mentioning the designated spaces within
the premises of the selected Heritage Zone needs to be provided in the
design.
- The DPR consultant needs to designate a special
space/area/wall/screen in the detailed design of the Heritage Zone.
This space shall be optimum enough to fit in any recommended
standard for display of public art.
- Moreover the designated space be accessible to public and shall
be well protected from stray animals.
- The space needs to have infrastructure available which can
support any electronic/digital form of art work and shall have
optimum lighting conditions that can enhance the visual appeal of
the art form/space.
- The area shall be well protected from environmental conditions and
should have mobile access to service road or service area for
evacuation/installation/repair.
6 Screening of A detailed design of the material or the make/company of the product or
rooftop elements design which covers or screens any rooftop elements such as water tanks,
dish antennas, AC outdoor units, etc. not in sync with the language of the
building, shall be designed as per the specifications of the built form.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 138

S. Parameter Guidelines
No.
7 Parking facilities Any parking facilities around the Heritage Zone need to be provided based
on the standard ratio and tourist footfall, surrounding land-use and the
availability of open private or public land. The parking facility should be
between 100 m to 500 m distance from the Heritage Zone.
For any building in the immediate vicinity of the Heritage Zone shall provide
a basement parking (4 wheel) compulsory for its own use and visitors use.
Tourist buses shall not be allowed near the Heritage Zone and shall strictly
follow the traffic management and designated parking policy to be
implemented within the designated HRIDAY or Heritage area.
- The DPR consultant need to design the parking spaces around the
Heritage Zone based on the tourist footfall data and surrounding
land-use and activity.
- It shall also take into consideration the underground services and
other road levels (also future development and resurfacing of
municipal roads) while designing the parking facility.
- The parking facility shall have clear designation for 2 wheeler, 4
wheelers, mini-buses and a VIP vehicles. The width of the pathway
of the parking shall adhere to the minimum standards highlighted in
the DCR and shall be designed considering the access and egress
for emergency vehicles including medical vans, fire-fighting
vehicles and police vehicles.
- There needs to be separate entry and exit gates with watchman
and security check cabins on both gates.
- Service infrastructure provision for installing CCTV cameras
systems, specified by the police department shall be compulsorily
provided in the overall design of the parking facility.
- The design of the gates shall ensure non-accessibility to stray
cattle, shall ensure no person can climb the gates easily to enter
the parking facility.
- The design of parking facility shall have a defined pedestrian path
directly leading to the Heritage Zone and shall be barrier free.
- A service cabin which includes a toilet space, pantry area, storage
area and emergency space for watchman needs to be provided
within the parking facility and shall be well connected with the
municipal sewer network.
8 Connectivity To Public transport / Intermediate To the Main temple
Public transport
- There should be a - There should be a clearly
pedestrian accessibility to defined pedestrian path
the nearest bus stand or from the Heritage Zone
public transport facility connected to the primary
from the Heritage Zone. road leading towards
‘OR’ procession path or any path
- There should be a leading to the temple which
pedestrian accessibility to is identified in the City
the nearest designated HRIDAY Plan.
IPT stand available or - The path shall be
designed between accommodated within the
100 m and 500 m vicinity available ROW and shall
of the Heritage Zone. follow the required
guidelines which are
provided in the ‘Public
Streetscape’ toolkit.
- Connectivity for senior citizens and people with disability is
essential from the nearest designated or available parking facility to
the Heritage Zone and there a special provision of public pathway
for maneuvering of vehicles such as battery operated carts,
tricycle, wheelchairs, etc. which are registered and passed by/with
the local police department are necessary.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 139

 15.2. Public Streetscape Guideline Toolkit
Public streetscape toolkit will enable the consultant to understand the gaps identified by the
HCA and will provide a framework to prepare a comprehensive DPR highlighting the needs,
to fill the gaps prevailing in the city with respect to the vision of the City HRIDAY Plan.

This toolkit shall be largely applicable throughout the HRIDAY delineated area and
specifically applicable to streets leading to Heritage zones and plazas mentioned in the
CHP document.

Public streetscape toolkit will provide a broad framework to be followed while designing a DPR for
the streets leading to the heritage zones and plazas mentioned in the CHP document. This toolkit
will provide the consultant with a template of broad design and O&M guidelines, which are to be
followed while preparation of the design and Detailed Project Report for the streetscape. These
guidelines will hence bind the streets and squares of the complete city through street elements
including the pedestrian footpath, street furniture, vendor and parking space, signage, security and
communication systems, etc. The template is designed by considering the existing condition and
the vision of the CHP. A DPR guided by this toolkit will have to prepare by the consultant. For the
quick reference, a Reference Catalogue Toolkit is also prepared and attached.

A list of all the elements is presented below followed by a detailed guideline to be followed
while designing and selection of vendor for the specific elements listed under the CHP
toolkit.

List of elements:
S. No. Element S. No. Element
1 Pedestrian footpath 14 Parking bay
2 Light poles 15 Vendors bay/ platform /Stalls
3 Seating 16 Public conveniences / Toilets
4 Garbage bins 17 Drinking water tap/kiosk
5 Electric poles 18 Cycle stands
6 Bollards 19 Bus stands
7 Information Panels 20 Security cabins
8 Signage 21 Hoarding panels
9 Manhole cover 22 Traffic islands
10 Path for special vehicle 23 Emblems / Posts / Stambhs
11 Service utility bay 24 Compound wall / fencing
12 Storm water Manhole 25 CCTV camera box
13 Cable trench bay

Though the above list is comprehensive, however for a specific heritage zone certain
elements would be designed specifically as per the immediate context. For e.g. certain
elements for the temple forecourt zone would have a design specifically for that area. As the
immediate context is exclusive, the design of elements may vary a bit to suit to the
immediate context.

This in particular would address the need of variety in design and add to the image of the
heritage zone.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 140

Guidelines for each element of public streetscape and plaza area.
The following details will highlight the element and macro guidelines to be followed by the
DPR consultant for designing the elements. A link to the design guideline, catalogue and
annexure are also mentioned with the list which will direct the consultant to design outlines
and basic specifications of the element.

S. Parameter General Guidelines

No.
A Pedestrian footpath Width - The pedestrian footpath shall be of minimum 1.5m
width* on roads which are more than or equal to
12m RoW.
- For street width between 4m and 8m the complete
street shall be considered as pedestrian footpath.
(*Reference IRC, UTIPECC, ITDP guidelines)
Height - The height of pedestrian footpath at any point shall be
not more than 150mm from the finished road level.*
- The slope of the pedestrian footpath shall not be more
than 1:100 towards the carriageway or the storm water
drain whichever is used for draining of surface water.
Material - Material of pedestrian footpath shall have a good
compressive strength, should have good load carrying
capacity and shall be repairable and easily washable.
- It should be non-slippery and shall not reflect heat or
reflect harsh sunlight.
- Moreover the material shall have high resistance to
chemicals such as acid, phenyl, or any other chemical
which is legally permitted to be used in public areas for
washing, cleaning and maintenance purposes.
- The material shall complement with the locally
available material used in the heritage structures and
other buildings listed as a part of CHP (refer the
Material Catalogue kit).
- The size of the stone/block/slab shall be such that it
can be easily replaced by manual tools and if broken
than can be easily replaced.
- The edge of the stone/block/slab shall be such that it
flushes with the walking surface or shall be beveled so
that it does not hurt the people walking barefoot on the
footpath.
B Street elements
Street elements are the most prominent feature on the street landscape and provide a language and
aesthetic beauty in addition to a unique identity to the city. Street elements include everything from a
light pole to an inlet of storm water drain. The design, material, and quality of these street elements
define the true aesthetic of the town or immediate context. Dwarka being a heritage and pilgrimage
town, street elements need to be designed aesthetically complementing the character of the city but at
the same time be reliable, sturdy, robust and sustainable. Such a combination is needed so as to
decrease long term costs of repair and maintenance and provide simplicity and ease in management to
the local body.
1 Light poles Lighting of the urban streets is a very important aspect and responsibility of
the city administration. Though there are standards defined in the IRC for
urban street lighting it is important that for an important tourist destination
such as Dwarka, lighting is the most important aspect for improving the
urban living. Hence the details for the light poles and light fixtures need to be
designed exclusively.

Street lights for pedestrian footpath and carriageway are different and carry
different specification. Though the light poles on pedestrian footpath shall
comply with the UDFI guidelines in its technical specification. However, the
aesthetic shall be in sync with the local architecture/language. Use of certain
emblems, ornamentation, etc. shall be done while designing the light poles.

A design guideline and reference catalogue is provided in the next section.

General guidelines
Height of pole The height of the light pole for the pedestrian footpath
from the Finished Floor Level (FFL) of the pedestrian

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 141

S. Parameter General Guidelines
No.
footpath shall be between the ranges of 3m to 5m,
preferably 4.5m.
General guidelines
Fixture - The fixture shall be white LED and having a high
lumen quality and a Class-1 quality Ingress
Protection (IP). The fixture shall be of an international
grade quality and comply with IEC standard.
- Shall have good service-maintenance provision
available in the region.
Junction Box The JB shall be encased within the shaft/ base of the light
pole.
2 Seating - The seating shall be made of robust and strong material preferably
Stone or cast iron. Though any design shall be provided which can be
built in mass production and should be replaceable if broken.
- It shall be designed that it doesn’t accumulate any rain water in the
seating space.
- The material of the seating space shall remain temperate during any
given season be it heat or cold and shall be resistant to electric shocks.
- The bench or seating should be robust enough to avoid theft

A design guideline and reference catalogue is provided in the next section.

3 Garbage bins - The garbage bins shall be made of robust and strong material preferably
reinforced FRP. Though any design which is provided should be capable
of mass production and should be replaceable if broken. The mouth of
the garbage bin should not be such that any stray animal can access it
easily in order to avoid filth.
- The municipal SWM workers should be able to comfortably empty these
bins for maintenance purpose.
- The height of the bins shall be such that it is comfortable for the users
especially for children and women.
- If possible the design should incorporate a wet and dry compartment
within the design. Moreover it should not accumulate water and the inner
surface of the bin shall be such that it can be cleaned easily without use
of domestic chemicals.
- The bin should have the facility to bolt it to the floor or ground as a
preventive measure of theft and vandalism.

A design guideline and reference catalogue is provided in the next section.

4 Electric poles As the electricity department is a state subject, and Paschim Gujarat Vij
Company Ltd. (PGVCL) is the service provider, the electricity poles and
electric cables if needed to be rearranged, then the designs and permissions
will be needed from the PGVCL.
General guidelines
General - The design of the pole shall be for the post of the
guidelines for electric pole only.
Electric pole - The material and design shall be in
complementary to the street furniture and other
elements of the build façade.
- The height shall be in concurrence to the
standards provided by the electricity company.
5 Bollards Bollards are important elements as it acts as physical barrier and also
enforces discipline in users. Bollards are typically used in urban areas for
restricting entry, provide barrier, and enforces traffic discipline amongst
citizens. Bollards are sometimes also used to restrict entry of stray animals.
General guidelines
General - Bollards used in the streets shall be used to
guidelines for define and restrict entry point across a defined
bollards limit.
- The design of the bollard shall be as per design
specifications. Though at places where necessary
bollards can be designed as per the site condition
and traffic flow.
- The spacing between bollards shall be as per the
IRC standards

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 142

S. Parameter General Guidelines
No.
- The bollards shall be robust and fixed/attached to
the ground/Floor
6 Information panel The information panel shall consist of information regarding the heritage
zone or selected area nearest heritage structure of Dwarka, places of
interest around Dwarka, medical and emergency facilities in Dwarka, timings
and other details about the main temple and upcoming and annual time table
of festivals and important occasions for tourists.
General guidelines
Space / location - The spatial distribution of the information panel
across the heritage zones shall be as per the
detailed spatial plan of that particular heritage
zone.
Design A design guideline and reference catalogue is
specification provided in the next section.
O&M - The information panel can be an electronic panel,
specifications digital panel or a static panel on the discretion of
the designer and type of information to be
deciphered
- It shall be such that it can be easily mounted on a
designated space whether floor or wall or pole
mounted and should be possible to be fixed with a
regular mild steel frame
- The panel if is digital in nature than shall be
designed so as to protect the inspection chamber
digital panel and visual screen from rainwater.
- Moreover it should be water proof for easy O&M
and sustainable usage.
7 Signage The signage shall display information regarding way finding, directions,
speed limits, etc. Moreover there shall be a hierarchy of signage for city
level, Heritage zone area, way-finding, public amenities and conveniences,
etc. The signage for the city area and heritage zones shall be different so as
to enhance and highlight the heritage zone. Though the signage for main
temple shall be different from all other areas.
General Guidelines
Space / location The spatial distribution of the signage shall be as per
the detailed spatial plan of particular heritage zone
provided as a part of Heritage Zone Plans by the
HCA.
Design A design guideline and reference catalogue is
specification provided in the next section.
O&M - The signage shall be easily mountable at the
requirements designated area shown in spatial plan.
- The material of the signage board as well as its
pole shall be easily cleanable and shall be
weather proof (as per local context)
- The paint/stickers shall be as per the IRC
standards mentioned in IRC.067.2012
- It shall be made such that it is easily replaceable if
damaged and shall be easily stored and available.
- It shall have a provision of concealed electrical
conduit, wherever CCTV cameras or digital
signage are to be mounted.
Language The language of the fonts in the signage shall be in
Hindi, Gujarati and English. Although the fonts/font
size used shall be as per the standards and codes
mentioned in the IRC.067.2012.
8 Path for special The special vehicle path is a path along the pedestrian footpath allocated
vehicle specially for vehicles such as bicycles, wheelchairs, battery operated carts,
etc. used by senior citizens, physically challenged, children, etc.
General guidelines
Width The width shall be between 1.5 m and 2 m so as to easily
accommodate a transit vehicle such as battery operated car/
wheelchair/ etc.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 143

S. Parameter General Guidelines
No.
Height This path shall be flushed with the adjacent pedestrian
footpath and shall be 150mm lower than the property line.
Material The path should be built of compacted earth or PCC bed with
broom finish surface of pigmented or self-colour paint. It
should be capable to be cleaned, swept and maintained
easily.
9 Service utility bay The service utility bay shall be designed incorporating all the existing
underground services in the city in addition to any future additions such as
storm water line, fire-fighting line, etc. The service utility bay shall have
enough depth and width underground so as to accommodate the services.
Drainage/ Storm In case it is on pedestrian footpath: The manhole shall be lined with a
Water Manhole cast-in-situ RCC slab so as to prevent damage to the manhole in case the
stone or block is damaged. The manhole cover shall be made of stone
similar to material of pedestrian footpath and shall be heavy enough so as to
prevent theft or vandalism.
In case it is on carriageway: The manhole shall be as per the standard
procedure carried by the municipality.
Cable utility trench Cable utility trench should be provided along with the service utility bay
which shall carry all the underground conduits such as communications and
fibre-optic conduits, electricity. This trench shall be made of precast rcc and
shall be placed adjacent to the service utility bay towards the property side.
This trench shall be covered with stone, precast or cast iron open able cover
which can be removed whenever any servicing is needed. The width and
height of this trench shall be in concurrence to the standards decided by the
electricity service provider.

A design guideline and reference catalogue is provided in the next section.

10 On street Parking bay - The parking bay can be accommodated along the pedestrian footpath
- In case of plaza 15% of the plaza space shall be used for parking of IPT
and public transport vehicles and 5% for private vehicles.
- The parking areas shall be lined with cat-eye reflectors and clear
signage with capacity and charges (if applicable) mentioned shall be
strategically placed.
- In case of plaza, the parking bay shall be delineated by lining it with
bollards, kerbs, paint marking or reflectors
‘OR’
- Using a different material, than the material used to surface
the plaza.
11 Vendor’s bay Vendors are an integral part of the tourist destination. Dwarka has vendors
involved in varied types of activities from food-stalls to selling merchandise
for pilgrims. Moreover the vendor spaces within the plaza exhibits different
activity pattern throughout the day.
- A spatial plan for vendor’s bay for every selected heritage zone is being
prepared under CHP report.
- The designated space shall be clearly defined with a different use of
surface material.
- Every vendor bay shall have enough lighting and surveillance provision
through installation of CCTV cameras.
- It shall have a clearly defined and designated space for seating area.
- The vendor bay shall have enough numbers of garbage bins placed
alongside.
- A number of places, the Vendors shall be provided a permanent Kiosk,
which is to be designed suiting the local context and language.
12 Public conveniences Public conveniences are strategic designs to ensure cleanliness and
/ Toilets hygiene of the space. In an area of heritage importance it is necessary that
the design of such elements/buildings match to the context and are
convenient and comfortable enough for the users of all age group. Moreover
proper availability of water, use of strong materials and fixtures and a
hygienic environment are necessary.
- The public convenience shall have separate male/female toilets for use.
- It shall be accessible friendly and shall follow revised guidelines and
space standards for barrier free built environment issued by CPWD.
- It shall have enough lighting and flushing facilities with hand cleaning
facilities for users.
- The doors shall not open towards the street directly

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 144

S. Parameter General Guidelines
No.
- Moreover, provision of proper ventilation systems and connection to
main drainage line shall be designed.
- There should be a designated bay for housing the inspection chambers.
- The height of the toilet plinth shall be such that rain water flooding or
animals do not enter the toilet premises and make it dirty.
- The water tank above the toilet block if not a built structure, shall be
screened with a ‘stone jaali’.
- Allocation of a separate cabinet for storage of equipment for O&M shall
be provided in the toilet layout.
- There should be enough buffer alongside the ventilation façade for
landscape or tree plantation to avoid foul smell spillage over immediate
activities.
- The other facades should have designated areas for pasting banners
and cleanliness awareness posters.
- The toilet block shall have provision of CCTV cameras housed
externally, facing towards carriageway for security and surveillance.

A design guideline and reference catalogue is provided in the next section.

13 Public conveniences/ Public conveniences are strategic designs to ensure cleanliness and
Drinking water hygiene of the space. In an area of heritage importance it is necessary that
station and kiosks the design of such elements/buildings match to the context and are
convenient and comfortable enough for the users of all age group. Moreover,
use of strong materials and fixtures and a hygienic environment are
necessary.

- It shall be accessible friendly and shall follow revised accessibility

guidelines published by central government.
- It shall have a proper water drain system so that the
minimum spillage of water occurs and the access areas remain clean
and dry.
- It shall have enough lighting and unused water disposal facility
- The water kiosks shall use durable and strong fixtures and materials
which are easily repairable and available.
- The access area and base plinth of the water kiosk shall be such that
water accumulation does not occur and the material used for the floor is
non slippery.
- In case a water filter system is used, it shall not be in open and shall be
protected well with a locked area
- Water supply connection if not available then a proper overhead storage
shall be provided.

A design guideline and reference catalogue is provided in the next section.

14 Cycle stands As the city is a tourist city, the CHP focuses on sustainability and hence
encourage the use of bicycle within the heritage area of Dwarka. Cycle
parking facilities are hence important and shall be such that the cycles are
protected against theft.
- The cycle stand shall not be of metal due to climatic conditions
- It shall be designed so that there is a provision of access from sideways
for a cyclists.
- It may be with or without shelter and be fixed to the floor or ground.
- Shall be monitored through CCTV camera.
15 Bus Stops Though local transport buses do not enter the city heritage area, however
private buses enter the heritage city of Dwarka. Bus stops are important
urban elements which contribute to the image of the city. Bus stops also
tend to be element which can disseminate information and can also
generate revenue through advertisement or banner display.
- The bus stop shall be designed such that it can be easily identified by
commuters as well as drivers.
- The bus stop shall have a dedicated bus bay for parking of the bus. This
shall be designed in detail by DPR consultant in the allocated space
provided in CHP
- The bus stop shall be designed by considering allocated space for
information panel, CCTV, advertisement space, enough lighting, and
space for digital signage.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 145

S. Parameter General Guidelines
No.
- The reference design guideline provided in the toolkit can be changed as
per site context and space availability. Though the basic guidelines shall
be followed.

A design guideline and reference catalogue is provided in the next section.

16 Security cabins At all locations marked in the CHP, it is recommended that Security cabins
shall be designed for surveillance and security purposes. The consultant
shall in discussion with local Security, design this cabins as per the
requirement and approve it through the HCA.
- It is recommended that the consultant should follow the local
architectural aesthetics for such cabins.
- All other details can be on the discretion of the consultant.
17 Shop panels/ signage - The propriety panels shall be in the ratio of 1:2 (height: width). The DPR
consultant shall provide basic framework of the use of material, colour
palette and fonts to be used for written work.
- The DPR consultant shall, based on the design guidelines prepare a
byelaw to be included in the GDCR in consultation with the HCA.
18 Public art or At various designated locations within the heritage zones, there will be
Sculpture allocated space for local artisans, sculptors, painters or creators for
showcasing art of the local context or heritage and culture.
- The DPR consultant shall design a space at the allocated locations in
the heritage zones for showcase of such works.
- The space shall be accessible and shall have provision of adequately
lighting the space.
- The space shall have hard flooring and be clean and hygienic
inaccessible by vehicles and animals.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 146

 Street elevation guidelines for conservation of heritage in Dwarka

Street scape issues and considerations during preparation of city conservation plan

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 147

 15.3. Building Guideline Toolkit and Pallet Creation
The building guidelines (bye-laws) prepared by the Archaeological Survey of India for the
prohibited and regulated zones around the Dwarkadhish Temple apply to all Heritage Zones
proposed in this CHP. The guidelines and pallet has been provided below.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 148

Light poles

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 149

Street benches

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 150

Bollards

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 151

Information Panel

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 152

Signage

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 153

Public conveniences (Toilet block)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 154

Public conveniences (Drinking water block)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 155

Bus-stop

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 156

Security cabin

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 157

Bibliography
Archaeological Survey of India. (nd). The Dwarkadhish Temple. Dwarka, Gujarat, India: ASI.

Archeological Survey of India. (2011). Alphabetical List of Monuments - Gujarat. Retrieved February
09, 2016, from Archeological Survey of India:
http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_gujarat.asp

Brahmi. (2012). Retrieved September 09, 2015, from Ancient Scripts: a compendium of world-wide
writing systems from prehistory to today: http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html

Census of India. (2001). Town directory Gujarat. Retrieved from Census of India:
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx

Census of India. (2011). Primary Census Abstract Data Tables. Retrieved from Census of India:
http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-Gujarat.html

Dwarka Municipality. (2015). Service Level Improvement Plans (SLIP) for Water Supply, Sewerage,
Storm Water Drainage, Green Spaces & Parks and Urban Transport for submission under the
AMRUT Scheme. Dwarka, Gujarat.

Dwarkadhish Temple. (2016). Retrieved February 09, 2016, from Indian Mirror:
http://www.indianmirror.com/temples/dwarkadish-temple.html

Gaur, A., Tripati, S., & Tripati, S. (2005). Ancient Dwarka: Study based on recent Underwater
Archaeological Investigations. Migration and Diffusion, Volume 6(Issue Number 21).
Retrieved January 28, 2016, from http://www.migration-
diffusion.info/pdfdownload.php?id=105&file=1

Gokani, P. (1973). Dwarka Sarvasangrah. Gujarat Itihas Parishad XI Conference.

Government of Gujarat. (1970). Gujarat State Gazetteers: Jamnagar District. Places of Interest.
Jamnagar District, Gujarat: Government of India.

Government of Gujarat. (2016). Administrative Setup. Retrieved February 05, 2016, from
Collectorate - District Devbhumi Dwarka:
https://devbhumidwarka.gujarat.gov.in/administrative-setup

Gujarat Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organisation Limited. (2015). Tourism Footfall
Information System. Gujarat, India.

Gujarat Marine National Park and Marine Sanctuary conservation society. (2011). Welcome to
Gujarat Marine National Park & Sanctuary. Retrieved February 05, 2016, from Marine
National Park Conservation Society: http://mnpcs.gov.in/

Himadri Enviro protection consultants, A. (2009). Detailed Project Report for water supply for
Dwarka Nagar Seva Sadan. Dist. Jamnagar Gujarat.

Indian Navy. (2016, January 13). INS Dwarka: Historical Background. Retrieved January 27, 2016,
from Indian Navy: http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-dwarka

Industries and Mining Department, Government of Gujarat. (2015, December 05). પ્રાવાસન અને
યાત્રા ધામ સ્થળોમાાં સર્ુ વધાઓ ર્વકસાવવા માટે ના DPR / પ્લાન / ડીઝાઈન અકીટેકટ-કમ-કન્સલ્ટાં ટ

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 158

 ની સેવાઓ લેવા બાબત (Appointment of Consultant for Design/ Plan/ DPR Preparation for
Infrastructure Provision at Pilgrim Sites. Resolution No. TDC/ 102010/698508 S.
Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India: Government of Gujarat.

INTACH, & Urban Management Centre. (2012). Heritage Byelaws for the prohibited and Regulated
areas of Dwarkadhish Group of Temples. Ahmedabad: INTACH Gujarat.

Joshi, S. (1992). 1860-1940 Baroda - Urban Transformation & Renewal- A City's attempt at
Revitalization. Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India: Unpublished Thesis, CEPT University.

Kulkarni, V. (1985). Geology of Gujarat. Navnirman, Vol.xxvi-No.2(Special Issue by Irrigation, R & B

Deptt., Gujarat State). Retrieved June 15, 2015, from https://guj-
nwrws.gujarat.gov.in/downloads/geology_of_gujarat_eng.pdf

Ministry of Urban Development. (2015). Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana:
Brochure. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs. Retrieved February 09, 2016,
from http://hridayindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/hriday-brochure.pdf

Rao, S. R. (1999). The Lost City of Dvaraka. New Delhi, Gujarat, India: Aditya Prakashan.

Shree Dwarkadhish Mandir Devasthan Samiti. (2015). Jagad Mandir - Time-Table & Festival
Calender. Retrieved February 09, 2016, from Dwarkadhish.org:
http://www.dwarkadhish.org/jagad-mandir/time-table/

Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited. (2015, December 28). Minutes of Meeting convened under
the Chairmanship of Managing Director, TCGL to finalise DPR for funding of Ministry of
Tourism, Government of India for development of Dwarka under the scheme of PRASAD.

ુ રાવર્તિત ર્વકાસ યોજના 2018

Town Planning & Valuation Department. (1999). દ્વારકાની બીજી પન
(Dwarka Second Revised Development Plan 2018). Jamnagar: Town Planning & Valuation
Department, Government of Gujarat.

UNESCO. (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Retrieved
January 28, 2016, from United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization:
http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/convention

Urban Management Centre. (2014-15). Service Level Benchmarking in Water and Sanitation - data
collected under Performance Assessment System (PAS) Project. Unublished. Dwarka.

Urban Management Centre. (2015). Urban Management Centre. Unpublished raw data collected by
Urban Management Centre from Dwarka Municipality.

Vyas, M., & Magra, R. (2015, September 6). Discussion on operations of regional bus services in
Dwarka with Mr. Maheshbhai Vyas, Bus Stand In-charge and Mr. R K Magra, Depot In-
charge, Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC), Dwarka. (Urban Management
Centre, Interviewer) Dwarka, Gujarat, India.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 159

Annexures
Annexure 1 DPR Evaluation of Tourism Circuit of Dwarka-Shivrajpur-Bet Dwarka-Gopi Talav-
Nageshwar

DPR Evaluation of Development of Tourism Circuit of Dwarka-Shivrajpur-Bet Dwarka-Gopi

Talav-Nageshwar

Bet Dwarka is an island 3 km off the coast of Okha city.The island is a pilgrim centre with
Dwarkadhish Temple and many other temples located on the it. Most of the visitors to
Dwarka visit Bet Dwarka. The island also houses several lakes, beaches and other sites of
tourist interest. As

TCGL has proposed to develop facilities at various sites on the Bet Dwarka island. Heritage
assets and sites include the following
i. Arrival plaza at the jetty and gopi talao
ii. Development of the main street from the arrival plaza to the Dwarkadhish Temple
iii. Development of open areas inside the temple complex
iv. Development of public amenities inculding toilets around the temple
v. Development of Ratan Lake, Ranchhod Lake and Shankhodar Lake
vi. Development of tourist amenities at Hanuman Dandi

The above proposed development is recommended to be taken up under the HRIDAY

project.

Figure 46 Shankhoddar Kund, Bet Dwarka

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 160

 Map 62 Development of Tourist Amenities in Bet Dwarka

Source: Base map – Google Earth; Overlay – UMC

Detailed assessment of this Heritage Zone has been conducted in the DPR Evaluation
Report.

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 161

Annexure 2 List of heritage structures identified by UMC through primary survey
Likely Period
Type of of construction Location
Name of Current use of the
Name of the building Address Heritage (by (Latitude,
Occupant building
structure administrative Longitude)
rule only)
Dwarka
Opp. Municipality Office, Bhadrakali
Bhadrakali Temple Bhadrakali trust Building 1411 to 1757 Religious/ Worship 22.2417,68.9655
Chowk
Surapura (Bhramarushi) Besides Bhadrakali Temple, Opp. Dwarka
Thaker family Building 1411 to 1757 Religious/ Worship 22.2421,68.9652
Devji Thaker Municipality Office
Aashapura & Harsidhhi Near Bhadrakali Temple, Opp. Dwarka
Thaker family Building 1411 to 1757 Religious/ Worship 22.2418,68.9653
Mata Temple Municipality Office
Rajubhai
Liladhar Chunilal Dhuna Dharamwadu, Home Guard Chowk Building 1817 to 1947 Residential 22.2401,68.9646
Hindocha
Shak (Vegetable) Market Shak Market Chowk Municipality Building 1817 to 1947 Commercial 22.2387,68.9646
Opp. Mahajan Vadi, Near Swami Narayan Vithleshwar Bava
Jampara ni Haveli Building 1903 Religious/ Worship 22.2376,68.9646
Temple, Gomti Road (Junagadh)
Opp. Sidhhnath Mahadev Mandir,
Savitri Vav Savitri Vav Element 1411 to 1757 Well 22.24,68.9621
Sidhhnath Chowk
Opp. Ramji Mandir, Near Savitri Vav,
Sidhhnath Mahadev Amitbhai Building 1947 onward Religious/ Worship 22.24,68.962
Siddhnath Chowk
Near Sidhhnath Mahadev and Savitri Vav,
Bhutnath Mahadev Mandir Amitbhai Building 1757 to 1817 Religious/ Worship 22.2399,68.9621
Sidhhnath Chowk
Near Sidhhnath Mahadev Mandir, Mulabapa
Shree Ramji Mandir Building 1757 to 1817 Religious/ Worship 22.2396,68.9622
Sidhhnath chowk Khambhla
Shree Gayakotha
Ramvadi (New) Ramvadi Area Building 1757 to 1817 Religious/ Worship 22.2411,68.9613
Navi Ramvadi
Savitri Vav Opp. New Ramvadi, Ramvadi Area Municipality Element 1411 to 1757 Well 22.2412,68.9617
Shamla Kheraj
Ramvadi (Old) Ramvadi Area Building 1411 to 1757 Religious/ Worship 22.2407,68.9614
Savani
In the premises of deputy executive
Grave of Alice engineer office Near Lohana Kanya Element 1817 to 1947 Grave 22.2409,68.9592
Chhatralaya behind Toran Guest House
Near Light house within compound of
Kirtistambh Element 1817 to 1947 Others 22.2394,68.9588
Taluka Panchayat Office
Seth Hansraj
Sidhusadan (PVM Girls Pragji Thakeray
Near Lords Hotel, Ratneshwar Road Building 1817 to 1947 Institutional 22.2392,68.9612
High School) Education Fund,
Mumbai

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 162

 Likely Period
Type of of construction Location
Name of Current use of the
Name of the building Address Heritage (by (Latitude,
Occupant building
structure administrative Longitude)
rule only)
Devibhuvan
Devubhuvan Dharmashala Near Ramdhun Mandir Devibhuvan Road Building 1920 Commercial 22.238,68.9661
Charitable Trust
Bhanushanker
Vasudevji Mandir Vasudevji sheri Building 1817 to 1947 Religious/ Worship 22.2377,68.9666
Bachubhai
Bhrama Kund Near Bhrama Puri Municipality Element Others 22.237,68.9666
On the way of 56 Seedhi Dwar, Near Aadiguru
Kedareshwar Mahadev Building 1411 to 1757 Religious/ Worship 22.2372,68.9674
Gomti Ghat Shankracharya
Nana no Jharokha (Tokra
On the road parallel to Gomti Ghat Jayeshbhai Building 1757 to 1817 Religious/ Worship 22.2367,68.9665
Swami Temple)
Kharva Gate Near Teen Batti chowk Element 1757 to 1817 Gate 22.2402,68.9667
Grave of Captain Marriot On Jawahar and Teen Batti Road Municipality Element 1817 to 1947 Grave 22.2402,68.9673
Randalmata Suryanarayan Dev Sthanak
Near Iscon Gate and Kaklash Kund Building 1817 to 1947 Religious/ Worship 22.2425,68.9687
Temple Samiti
Dev Sthanak
Kaklash Kund Near Iscon Gate Element 1757 to 1817 Others 22.2424,68.9685
Samiti
598/ 17, Juni Natak Shala Sheri (Rani
Jamnadas Tanna Vacant Building 1817 to 1947 Residential 22.239,68.9657
Laxmi Bai Sheri)
Ghanshyambhai
Ghanshyambhai M Thaker Nilkanth Chowk Building 1757 to 1817 Residential 22.2387,68.9667
M Thaker
Bharatbhai
Bharatbhai Maganbhai
Nilkanth chowk Maganbhai Building 1757 to 1817 Residential 22.2386,68.9667
Gokani
Gokani
Laxminarayan Temple Near Dwarkadhish Temple Mandir chowk Dilipbhai Dave Building 1757 to 1817 Mixed 22.2382,68.967
Mahendrabhai Balubhai
Fuleka Sheri Sunilbhai Thaker Building 1757 to 1817 Residential 22.239,68.967
Thaker
Jaldeepbhai
Jaldeepbhai Jagdishbhai Fuleka Sheri Building 1757 to 1817 Residential 22.2388,68.9671
Jagdishbhai
Opp. Jay Vijay (Ganesha) Mandir, Shree Natwarlal
Shree Ram Mandir Building 1757 to 1817 Religious/ Worship 22.2383,68.9685
Ram Bazaar Bhathan Chowk Aacharya
Opp. Dwarkadhish Temple, Chandrabhaga
Jaysukhlal Vayda Hansaben Purohit Building 1757 to 1817 Residential 22.2385,68.9672
Sheri
Samasta Pujari
Shree Shamksha Temple Near Gomti Ghat Building 1757 to 1817 Religious/ Worship 22.2372,68.9679
Sangh
Nathani Charitable
Dharamshala Near Railway station Building 1924 Residential 22.2497,68.9789
Trust
Ancient Well (Narmedswar
Opp. Dharamshala, Near Railway station Municipality Element 1927 22.2495,68.9792
Mahadev)

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 163

 Likely Period
Type of of construction Location
Name of Current use of the
Name of the building Address Heritage (by (Latitude,
Occupant building
structure administrative Longitude)
rule only)
Opp. Dwarkadhish Temple Near Gomti
Panchkui Element 22.2358,68.9694
Ghat
Bet Dwarka
Satyabhama no Hava Dwarkadhish
Near Dwarkadhish Mandir Building 1885 Residential 22.4517,69.0956
Mahal Mandir Trust
Kaniyabhuvan Kaniyabhuvan
Sanskrit Pathshala Road Building 1817 to 1947 Residential 22.4504,69.0954
Dharamshala Trust
Opp. Kaniyabhuvan Sanskrit Pathshala Ganpatrai Khemka
Delhi Valo ki Dharmashala Building 1817 to 1947 Vacant 22.4503,69.0959
Road Charitable Trust
Devidas
Shree Krishna Sanskrit
Hospital Road Madhavaji Building 1941 Institutional 22.449,69.0952
Pathshala
Thakerji
Nathdwara
Mahaprabhuji ni Bethak Bethak Area, Sankhodwar Building 1947 onward Religious/ Worship 22.4549,69.1037
Temple Board
Sankhodwar Talav Sankhodwar Area Element 1411 to 1757 22.4555,69.1035
Aadinarayan Temple Near Sankhodwar Lake Building 1411 to 1757 Residential 22.4562,69.1029
Sankh Narayan Temple Sankh Narayan Road Building 1757 to 1817 Religious/ Worship 22.4561,69.1027

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 164

Annexure 3 Extract from Heritage Bye-laws for Prohibited and Regulated Zones around
Dwarkadhish Temple, Dwarka

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 165

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 166
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 167
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 168
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 169
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 170
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 171
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 172
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 173
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 174
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 175
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 176
Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 177
 For more details, contact:

Urban Management Centre

A 202, GCP Business Centre
Navrangpura, Ahmedabad – 380009.
T: +91 79 24600306; E: [email protected]

Urban Management Centre, Ahmedabad 178