ALTERNATOR

Introduction

Where is alternator?

In car, electricity is used to turn parts in car on. They are used for head lamp, for
starting, for ignition and so on. Electricity in car is very important. If there is not electricity, I
think a car can be moved. So what happen if electricity in car is empty??
 Battery with a certain capacity, does not allow use on an ongoing basis to supply
electricity to the machine or any other component on the car. Therefore, the car needs a
system that can charge the battery back as well as a power source that supplies power directly
to components that require at the time the engine started. This system is called the charging
system. Charging system is system that reproduces electricity in car. Charging system has
three important components of the battery, alternator and regulator. In this moment, we will
talk about alternator.

Alternator

An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to

electrical energy in the form of alternating current. Most alternators use a rotating magnetic
field but linear alternators are occasionally used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can
be called an alternator, but usually the word refers to small rotating machines driven by
automotive and other internal combustion engines.

Alternator is used in modern car to charge the battery and to power a car's electric

system when its engine is running. Alternators have the great advantage which makes them
simpler, lighter, less costly, and more rugged than a DC generator, and the slip rings allow for
greatly extended brush life. The stronger construction of automotive alternators allows them
to use a smaller pulley so as to turn faster than the engine, improving output when the engine
is idling.

 The function of alternator

 Alternator’s function is to produces electricity from mechanical energy of engine.
Alternator can converts mechanical energy to electrical energy because alternator that is
running have a magnetic field. Magnetic field in alternator is used to make electromagnetic
energy.

In alternator the electricity is form alternating current (AC). A lot of parts of car cannot
use AC electricity. In the other function of alternator is to converts AC electricity become
direct current (DC) electricity. The electricity from alternator is emitted to the battery. After
that the battery turns many electricity parts of car on.

Electricity from alternator can be used to turn the ignition system on. It turns the
headlamp on. And they can turn the radio, TV, and many electricity parts on
  Alternator Parts And Materials Of

Alternator parts:

a. Pulley
Pulley serves to receive mechanical power from the engine to rotate rotor. Pulley
usually is connected to the engine with belt. The pulley is connected to rotor. The pulley is
made of metal.

b. Fan
Fan is used to anneal the diodes and coil on the alternator coil. The fan is made from
metal.

c. Rotor

In the alternator, the rotor is the moving parts (spinning). Rotor serves to generate a
magnetic field. The nails in the rotor are as magnetic poles. And slip rings serve as an
intermediary for the distribution of power to the rotor coils. 

Rotor consists of the magnetic pole, center of field winding and slip ring. Rotor
moved or turned around in alternator with machine fan belt rotation. The rotor consists of the
magnetic poles, field winding, and Slip ring. They are connected to rotor tinder. Field
winding connected to slip ring where carbon brush can make a move. Field Winding Rotor
produces the magnet field because electric current breezes slip ring. The magnet one side
become South Pole, other side become the North Pole. The Rotor is made of metal and
copper.

d. Stator

Stator functions to generate alternating electrical current. The stator consists of: Stator
Coil and Stator Core. The alternator magnetic current comes from rotor rotation. Then the
current induce the voltage to stator. Strength and speed of current rotation from rotor will
cause to induction voltage to stator. Stator have three phases which are isolated to stator, the
rolls are connected one with other.

e. End frame

End frame function for owner of parts of Alternator. End frame there are holes
ventilate to the place of flowed cooler air.

f. Rectifier

Rectifier function to change alternating current (AC) becomes a direct current (DC).
Rectifier diode consists of 3 positive, 3 negative diodes and diode holder. Diode holder serves
to radiate heat and prevent thermal diode

g. Regulators

Regulator function to manage number of electrical currents into the rotor coil, so the
voltage generated by the alternator fixed (constant) in accordance with predetermined prices,
although the spin engine is changed. In addition, the regulator also serves to charge the
battery when the battery is full and the alternator has to supply its own electrical current to
the part that requires electrical current.
 Operation
 Before we talk about how alternator can be operated? We have to know about
electromagnetic.
When the number of wire wrapped around nails, and it’s emitted by electric, coil caused a
magnetic field, and causes the nail into a magnet. The strong magnet is determined by how
many rolls of wire and how much electrical current. Magnets of this type commonly are
known as an electromagnet.

The alternator also uses the principal of electromagnetic. But in alternator they are
reversed. Alternator makes magnetic field from mechanical energy. Then it convert magnetic
field into electricity.
The rotor is the moving parts (spinning). Inside of rotor is consist rotor coil. Rotor coil
generates a magnetic field. The nails in the rotor are as magnetic poles. And slip rings serve
as an intermediary for the distribution of power to the rotor coils.

The stator is consisting about three static coils. The stator end is poles. And in the middle
of stator is neutral terminal. The constructions of coils are shown Y or three star phases.
 Electric is generated from severance of magnet field by rotor with magnetic field in
stator. It can make electromagnetic induction; electrics will emit a stream if the conductor is
complete part of circuit. Number of electricity that can be produced is very influenced by
electromagnetic induction number. And electromagnetic induction number is influenced by
magnet field, long of coil, velocity of severance.

The electric generated is alternate current. So the alternator needs a diode or rectifier. The
diode rectified the wave of electric current. The diode changes a alternate current into direct
current. Despitefully, the function of diode is restraining the alternate current from battery to
alternator.

The number of electricity of alternator is influence by velocity of engine move rotate.

Because velocity of engine is connected to velocity of rotor. And velocity of rotor influence
the number of magnet field severance. In stator, electromagnetic induction is influenced by
the number of magnet field severance. If the velocity of engine is changed, not only velocity
of rotor changes but also the number of electricity is too. So a car needs a regulator to make
an electricity is constant.
  Maintenance

Nothing special to maintenance alternator. If the alternator is damage, we can detect from
console in dashboard. Usually the console is drawn battery. If the console is flickering, there
is no charging into battery. It’s possible the alternator cannot work normally or damage.
It is caused by higher resistance that alternator has. So don’t use the parts which have a high
resistance. It can make lifespan of alternator shorter.

Because alternator consisting many components. If one of component is broken, the

component can be repaired. The alternator repairing needs about 3 to 5 hours. The
components of alternator can be repaired if a broken smaller than 50 percent. Because if a
broken higher than 50 percent, the component must be renewable.