MIXED-USE HIGH RISE BUILDING

AIM HISTORICAL EVOLUTION HOPPENBROUWER AND LOUW’S

To derive the parameters for sustainable development of mixed-use high rise
building. THE MEDIEVAL VILLAGE MIXED-USE MODEL
OBJECTIVE • medieval village was typically located A medieval village was typically located on a
To study how high rise MUDs deal with the urban population in modern times hill protected by walls. The smaller on a hill protected by walls. The smaller the
circumference of the walls, the more the circumference of the walls, the more dense the
with respect to socio-economic, infrastructural and ecological aspects.
village.
To study the history of mixed-use development.
• Rules for Building
Understanding the need for mixed use high rise development in urban context.
• Compactness.
To study the planning and design aspects of MUDs and issues related to the same.
• Density
To study and analyze new material, modern practices, and techniques used in high
• Mixed uses
rise buildings to make them sustainable and energy-efficient.
• Limited transportation systems
To derive the parameters based on which a modern, sustainable MUDs can be
designed.
SCOPE OF WORK
To identify the parameters of design for high rise building including but not limited 1728 map of Manhattan, the compact city In this 1728 map of Manhattan, the compact
to socioeconomic, cultural, infrastructural and ecological aspects. city shows multiple uses located within just a few acres.
To identify how high rise MUDs deal with the urban population in modern times.
To bring out modern sustainable technologies and materials used in these types of
projects to make them energy-efficient and sustainable for the environment.
All the services incorporated and the way they are planned for the large no. of Boston, 1814
people in high rise MUDs with respect to their needs and satisfying the government •As the populations of early As the populations of early American cities swelled to
bye-laws and other essential aspects of safety, convenience and security, etc. American cities swelled to dangerous levels, local dangerous levels, local governments
Understand and identify the urban design principles which must be studied before began to governments began to mandate segregation of uses mandate segregation of uses
designing these projects. for the health and welfare of for the health and welfare of its citizens.
Identify issues related to the urban environment like livability, noise, pollution,
lack of neighborhoods, lack of green spaces, etc.
LIMITATIONS
The study does not cover the detailed analysis of socio-economic, infrastructural,
cultural and ecological aspects related to high rise MUDs.
New York, 1890
Work is limited to core urban development projects and does not take into
During industrial revolution all the houses converted into mixed use building.
consideration of low-income group residing inside the campus.
The study does not cover the financial aspects of high rise MUDs and the detailed
estimation and costing part (but it shall cover a basic understanding of costing of
various technologies).
The information mostly based on research journals, few documents published and
case studies already done. Zoning was first used as a Zoning was first used as a method for local government method
METHODOLOGY for local government to control development in to control development in New York City,
in 1916..

Cleveland Union Terminal now called Tower City Center Opened in 1930, the project
was an early true example of mixed true example of mixed-use.

After that the mixed use development changed into the transit oriented development in late 1990s - 2000s because of
Smart growth of the cities due to the population growth and requirements or needs of people increased.
Reoccurring facts from several real-estate magazines affirm
that successful MUDs required careful thought to the
following:
• Parking
• Delineation of service cores
• Open Spaces SUBMITTED BY-
• Connection to public transportation
• Design for human engagement ANURAG PANDEY
• Flexibility BMSA/16/405/4B
• Surrounding Context
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 MIXED-USE HIGH RISE BUILDING
SITE OF THE PROJECT SITE NORMS/ SITE CLIMATE INFORMATION
• NCR is emerging as a hub of IT companies. MNCs and IT companies are investing in Delhi & FAR - The maximum permissible FAR of the projects shall be allowed as per the existing
NCR creating a number of job opportunities. As a result people from different parts of the licensing policy for integrated commercial complex, however, the permissible FAR for
country & even abroad are migrating to NCR. residential component of the project shall not exceed 1/3rd (33.3%) of the maximum permissible
• In order to reduce the distances travelled to bare minimum about 98.59 hectares of land FAR of the project and the remaining 2/3rd (66.7%) shall be utilized for commercial use. The
has been earmarked for Mixed-Use projects by the Noida Authority along the several parts maximum population density shall not exceed 80 persons per acre (PPA) of the project area. The
of Noida, Greater Noida and the Expressway, as per Noida’s Master Plan 2031. ground coverage, height, parking norms etc. shall remain applicable as per the existing licensing
• The demand for property on this stretch is already on rise since the new settlers in Delhi-NCR policy.
prefer Noida-Greater Noida region for the abundance of property options in every budget
range. This is a good option for investment since the rental yield is higher Optimum utilization
of land is one of the key reasons for the success of these projects.
• Availability of shopping malls, residences, offices and ultra-luxurious amenities make them a
preferred choice for various developers, investors and customers who opt for mixed use
projects in Delhi-NCR. Also it is a win situation for customers as well as developers.

SITE INFORMATION
• Location – Noida sector 135, Uttar pradesh
• Site area – 23.7 acres
• Climate - Composite
• Connectivity
A. Nearest metro station - Aqualine metro Noida sector 137 station
B. Nearest Bus stop - Candor Stellar T-Point
C. Adjacent to Noida Expressway

TOPOGRAPHY
It falls in the great Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain of North West India. The region is flat and has a
gradual slope from north to south. There is no hilly tract. This region is of vital importance as
agriculture is being practiced. There is vast expanse of saline of alkaline soil in the district.
GEOLOGY AND SOIL
SITE The survey area forms the part of great Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain. Its soil is fine loam and sandy
SITE loam. The alluvium is composed of recent and fresh matter deposits of clay, silt and sand which are
of loose to semi-consolidated nature. Loam and silty soils are found in the district. It can be
differentiated into the following
i. The upland plain:- Most of the part of the district consists of most extensively cultivated and
highly productive regions. The upland plain is covered with old alluvium which is properly
irrigated and highly productive.
ii. Sandy region:- A very small part of the district is covered with soil comprising of sandy loam.
CLIMATE
It falls in semi-dry agro climatic zone due to the marked diurnal differences in temperature,
moderately low rainfall and high saturation deficit. This type of climate is characterized by extreme
summer heat alternating with great winter cold, which are unfavorable for the growth of luxuriant
vegetation. During the monsoon months of July, August, and September oceanic air prevails in the
district. Extremely hot summer and dryness and a cold winter is prevalent due to sweep of air from a
westerly or north westerly direction. The influx of air form the easterly or south easterly direction
usually causes for increased humidity, cloudiness and precipitation.

SUBMITTED BY-
ANURAG PANDEY
BMSA/16/405/4B
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
KOHINOOR SQUARE MIXED-USE HIGH RISE BUILDING (CASE STUDIES)
Dadar, Mumbai, 2009-15 FLOOR PLAN ANALYSIS
Architect: SSA Architects, Mumbai • The Central Core is surrounded by the office spaces and refuge areas (at 24 meter of height)
Client: The Kohinoor Group • There are segregated office space from 2nd to 24th floor with toilets to each office and a common toilet s also
Program: Mixed-Use provided on all these floors. Central core consist of
Site Area : 4.6 Acres • 3 Lobbies of 6 Lifts serving levels 25th to 39th
Plot Area: 18,615 sq.m • Spaces between the lifts where a lift lobby is not provided are
Floor Area: 50,000 sq.m for commercial used as toilets with dust at either side: 2 lifts from this pack of 6
Height: 203 meters Main building, are assessable to lower floors as well
142 meters Residence Building • 1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels 1st to 24th
Floor counts: 52 stories, 28 stories • There is a lift bank at 24th floor .
Cost US$: 0.33 billion • 2 services lifts travelling Throughout the building
Lifts: 28 • 2 Stair cases are also placed in the core
OBJECTIVE: To study planning and design of Mixed-use High rise in context to India • The Central Core is surrounded by the office spaces.
SITE & SURROUNDING • There are segregated office space from 6th to 14 floor with toilets
In India, Kohinoor square is located Dadar, a suburb of Mumbai. to each office and common toilets also provided on all these floor.
The site is surrounded by a dense Low-Rise residential areas hence its Tallest structure in the • Refuge Floors is provided
vicinity. The first five floors of the main building is used for a high-end
There are many parks and schools as well near to the site. shopping mall and the remaining 47 floors of the main building
is utilized for a commercial offices and five star hotel. The main
building is crowned by five star hotel on top 5 floor.

Residential Building :
13 stories of parking in below floors.
132 residential units . 8 units on each floor.
At top few floors 4 units on each floor.
6 on 17th floor which is refuge floor
Central Core :
3 lifts and 1 service lift 2 Stairs are also placed in the core.
The Kohinoor square building is one of the first skyscraper
building in india to achieve a leadership in energy and
environmental design platinum rating for environmental
sustainability a gold (leed) certification from green building
council. Construction of the Kohinoor square started in early
2009, with an completion date of march 2013.

SUBMITTED BY-
CLIMATE OF MUMBAI
The Climate of Mumbai is a tropical wet and dry climate. ANURAG PANDEY
• Mumbai's climate can be best described as moderately hot with high level of humidity. BMSA/16/405/4B
• Its coastal nature and tropical location ensures temperatures won't fluctuate much throughout the year.
• The mean average is 27.2 °C
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LINKED HYBRID MIXED-USE HIGH RISE BUILDING (CASE STUDIES)
Beijing, China, 2007 CONCEPT
Architect: Steven Holl Architects
Client: Modern Investment Group, Beijing
Plot Area: 61.800 sq m
Building Footprint: 15.500 sq m
Gross Floor Area: 221.000 sq m
Height: 68 m
Lifts: 34
Program: 750 apartments, public green space, commercial zones, hotel, cinemas, kindergarten,
Montessori school, underground parking
OBJECTIVE: To understand programmatic planning of urban space at community level or
mixed –use habitat at international level .
SITE & SURROUNDING
In China, Linked Hybrid is located Beijing. The site is surrounded by many high rise colonies
of same developer. It is also adjacent to the old city. It has Good connectivity the cities express
way. Hence can attract a many visitors in their city within a city.

SITE PLAN
• Pedestrian-
oriented Linked
Hybrid complex
• Public space (vary
from commercial,
residential, and
educational to
recreational. )
• Private urban
development in
China
• Porous urban
space
• Because of the
many passages
through the
project, this
project called
"open city within
a city“

Three different public entrances connect the skyring with the public space on
ground floor. These entrances (coloured red in the floor plan above) each offer a
different variety of pro- gram. One area for health and sport center, one area for
recreational program opened through the day and one area for restaurants opened
during night. The entrance to the restaurant is located next to the access to the cinema
within the heart of the project. FUNCTIONS IN THE RING
1.reading room 15.office, locker rooms
2.design/book store 16.lane lap pool
3.architecture gallery 17.suspended catwalk
4. sculpture gallery 18. spa/massage
5.art gallery 19.meetin place
6.viewing platform 20.viewing platform
7.dinning deck 21.hair/nail salon
8.ultra lounge 22.health food store
9.bar/cocktail 23.tea seating
10.listening lounge 24.tea store/gaming place
11.fitness 25.coffee shop
12.juicebar 26.café seating
13.group exercise space 27.book event space
14.spinning room 28.book store

CLIMATE OF CHINA To prevent the city within a city to become an isolated island, Ar.Holl introduces the term urban porosity. SUBMITTED BY-
The Climate of Beijing is moderate. He connects his ideal city with it’s context by attracting people to the center of linked hybrid. Urban space is ANURAG PANDEY
• Mumbai's climate can be best described as moderately warm and dry. enclosed in the heart of the project. On street level pedestrians are able to move in and out the project. These
• Its location ensures temperatures much fluctuate much throughout the year. two themes, ‘city within a city’ and ‘urban porosity’ are also the basis for Holl’s second big housing project in
BMSA/16/405/4B
•In the warmer season with water temperatures up to 27 degrees China, the sliced urban porosity block. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LINKED HYBRID MIXED-USE HIGH RISE BUILDING (CASE STUDIES)

SUBMITTED BY-
ANURAG PANDEY
BMSA/16/405/4B
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
TAIPEI 101 MIXED-USE HIGH RISE BUILDING (CASE STUDIES)
Taipei City, Taiwan, 2004
Architect: C.Y. Lee & partners
Client: Taipei Financial Center Corp
Building Footprint: 2500 m2
Gross Floor Area: 412.500 m2
Height: 508 m
Cost US$: 1.6 billion
Lifts: 61
OBJECTIVE: To study structural concept implied for a high rise building
SITE & SURROUNDING
In Taiwan, it is located in Taipei city. It is in a dense urban environment in CBD are of Taipei.
Surrounded by world class urban infrastructure and high rise buildings with a view to a near by
mountain.

A mega mass dumper reduces the effect of wind. The pendulum has a weight of 660.000 kilogram and is situated on the
88th floor. It sways to offset movements in the building caused by strong gusts. Its sphere, the largest damper sphere in
the world, consists of 41 circular steel plates. The structure has to be flexible enough to resist an earthquake, and stiff
enough to resist a typhoon. Eight mega columns giving the stiffness to the building. The Taipei 101, formerly known as the
Taipei World Financial Center, is a landmark skyscraper located in the Hsinyi District of the city , the rapid- growing
“Manhattan” of Taipei. This is the future center of financial power in Taiwan. Taipei 101 is owned by the Taipei
Financial Center Corporation (TFCC). Taipei 101 has one of the fastest ascending elevator speed with 1010 meters per
minute, which is 16.83 m/s (60.6 km/h). These Toshiba elevators are able to take visitors from the main floor to the
observatory on the 89th floor in under 39 seconds.
Taipei 101’s own roof and facade recycled water SUBMITTED BY-
system meets 20-30 percent of the building’s water
needs.
ANURAG PANDEY
Upgrades are currently under way to make Taipei 101 BMSA/16/405/4B
“the world’s tallest green building” by LEED RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 MIXED-USE HIGH RISE BUILDING (CASE STUDIES)
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
SITE & SURROUNDINGS ZONING-PARKING-FSI CONSUMED
KOHINOOR SQUARE LINKED HYBRID TAIPEI 101 INFERENCES KOHINOOR SQUARE LINKED HYBRID TAIPEI 101 INFERENCES
In India Kohinoor Square is In China, Linked Hybrid is In Taiwan, Taipei 101 is located • A High-Rise Structure comes Plot Area: 18,615 sq.m Plot Area: 61.800 m2 Program: Commercial Building • An approach where different
located in the heart of the city located Beijing. The site is in Taipei. It is in a dense urban out of necessity. Specially in a Floor Area: 50,000 sq.m Building Footprint: 15,500 sq.m Footprint: 2500 m2 zones are infused in an
Dadar, Greater Mumbai. site is in surrounded by many high rise environment in CBD are of booming economical center with Height: 203 meters Main Gross Floor Area: 2,21,000 sq.m Gross Floor Area: 412500 m2 interlinked context of its urban
commercial hub. Surrounded by colonies of same developer. It is Taipei. Surrounded by world class growing population. building,142 meters Residence Height: 68 m Height: 508 m fabric.
various high end national and also adjacent to the old city. It has urban infrastructure and high rise • Most populous cities have most Building Floor counts: 52 Floor counts: 21 stories Floor counts: 101 stories
international office and luxurious Good connectivity the cities buildings with a view to a near by numbers of High rise structures. stories, 32 stories Lifts: 34 Cost US$: 1.6 billion • FSI consideration is an
apartments. The famous Shivaji express way. Hence can attract a mountain. • It is seen that tallest high rise Cost US$: 0.33 billion Linked Hybrid Consists Of 644 Lifts: 61 Important consideration for any
park is a 5 mins walk from the many visitors in their city within a structures are found in the heart of Lifts: 28 Aprt. high rise proposal.
site. city. the city. 50000 sq.m for offices 132 Parking – 1500 In 3 Levels
• Or a new economic center of residential units FSI Consumed- 3.5 • Limiting the user to private
any city. Parking-3500 in 13 stories spaces and allowing free roam in
Plot area - 4.8 acre its public spaces both spaces
segregated by different levels can
be effective to create a mixed use
environment.

VERTICAL ZONING
• High rise structure can be zoned
ORIENTATION vertically and the connectivity is
an important factor between any
The homes and Offices offer The Linked Hybrid is mainly The Retail outlet of Taipei 101 are • If a high rise structure is two zones
unrivalled and unrestricted views based on User oriented planning located toward the south where as oriented studying is climatic
of the Northern Suburbs, South as well as climatic. the Main entrance to the conditions its can greatly increase • Service floors, lifts, shafts and
Mumbai, Eastern Port and the skyscraper is in the shades toward the natural ventilation and light staircases are the most important
Arabian Sea. the North-east side. thus reducing the load on HVAC factor governing the daily
system and lighting system . Thus functionality of any high rise.
making it energy efficient.
• Success of Vernacular approach
or passive sustainable technology
could be easily enhanced by LIGHT AND VENTILATION (Natural & Mechanical)
proper orientation. Mechanical Green method • Natural method of light and
• The user and types of user and • 200 meter tall Kohinoor square Linked Hybrid’s ground source ventilation solves these problems
there circulation through a 3d has a well designed HVAC heat pump system shoulders 70% at a residential level
urban structure is a very system for its ventilation of the complex’s yearly heating
important aspect for orientation of purposes. As it’s a glass and cooling load. The system • But at commercial level there is
a MIXED-USE HIGH RISE enveloped structure the load of consists of 655 geothermal wells, a need for mechanical ventilation
HABITAT. mechanical ventilation is also 100 meters below the basement as there is a continues
CONCEPT high. foundation. The underground requirement of larger floor space
• The cooling towers are situated wells have taken the place of to work collaboratively together.
Design Concept: An iconic "open city within a city". The The tower has served as an icon • It important to design a building
near water tanks at some levels in above-ground space normally
structure drawing inspiration from project promotes interactive of modern. Taiwan ever since its which is relevant to the urban
the buildings. needed for cooling towers, • A green approach like in linked
the diamond. relations and encourages opening. The building was fabric of the city it proudly soars
increasing available green areas, hybrid is a very innovative
encounters in the public spaces architecturally created as a the sky of.
minimizing noise pollution and approach to tackle this increasing
that vary from commercial, symbol of the evolution of
significantly reducing the CO2 load on the mechanical system.
residential, and educational to technology and Asian tradition. • A resilient mixed use cluster
emissions created by traditional
recreational. The entire complex Its postmodernist approach to development can be an attempt to
heating/cooling methods.
is a three dimensional urban space style incorporates traditional solve any high density urban
in which buildings on the ground, design elements and gives them space issues
under the ground and over the modern treatments.
ground are fused together.

SUBMITTED BY-
ANURAG PANDEY
BMSA/16/405/4B
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY