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IPHP - Lesson 1 Handout

This document provides an introduction to ancient Greek philosophers and the philosophy of the human person. It defines philosophy as both a content, involving a system of beliefs about reality and the world, and as a process of inquiry seeking meaning and truth. The main branches of philosophy are outlined as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, and aesthetics. Several influential ancient Greek philosophers are described briefly, including Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Democritus, Diogenes, Epicurus, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. The document also discusses why philosophy is needed and how its study can be characterized.

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Leonila Miranda
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355 views

IPHP - Lesson 1 Handout

This document provides an introduction to ancient Greek philosophers and the philosophy of the human person. It defines philosophy as both a content, involving a system of beliefs about reality and the world, and as a process of inquiry seeking meaning and truth. The main branches of philosophy are outlined as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, and aesthetics. Several influential ancient Greek philosophers are described briefly, including Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Democritus, Diogenes, Epicurus, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. The document also discusses why philosophy is needed and how its study can be characterized.

Uploaded by

Leonila Miranda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY as a content: A system of beliefs about ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON reality. It is one's integrated view of the world.
Lesson 1: DOING PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY as a process: Employed as a method
PYTHAGORAS. Pythagorean theorem; established
of inquiry. It is an engagement in the search for the
INTRODUCTION devotion to the study of religion and philosophy.
meaning of life, its value and relevance.
HERACLITUS. Proposed that everything exists is based
What is PHILOSOPHY? BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY on a higher order (logos); believed that change is a
 comes from two Greek words, philo (“to love”) and permanent aspect in the human condition
sophia (“wisdom”); meant “love of wisdom”;
METAPHYSICS. Explores the fundamental nature of DEMOCRITUS. Devoted himself to the study of the
science that by natural light of reason studies the
REALITY and BEING; deals with questions about non- causes of natural phenomena.
first causes or highest principles of all things
physical world.
 study of general & fundamental problems
concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, DIOGENES OF SINOPE. Advocate of living a simple
values, reason, mind, & language ETHICS. Also known as MORAL PHILOSOPHY; deals and virtuous life.
with questions about RIGHT and WRONG.
PHILOSOPHY…What it is? EPICURUS. Believed that philosophy could enable a
EPISTEMOLOGY. Concerned with the nature and man to live a life of happiness.
 values putting things to the (practical) test
scope (limitations) of knowledge how it relates to
 goal is (regardless of one’s particular style) should
truth, belief and justification SOCRATES. Made great contributions to the fields of
be able to make the unclear more clear helping
people discover for themselves what they believe Ethics; Socratic Method.
and why LOGIC. Deals with the METHODS OF ARGUMENT; the
 values the use of reason; the driving force behind systematic principles (or rules) for thinking rationally PLATO. Teachings and writings were considered the
philosophical thinking foundation of Western Philosophy; Theory of Forms,
 also “an art and way of life” AESTHETICS. Sensori-Emotional Values; explores the Dialectic and Academy.
 at its core, “grounded in the here and now” nature of beauty, art, and taste with the creation and
 useful and relevant to each and every one of us appreciation of beauty. ARISTOTLE. Believed that all ideas and views are
based on perception and reality / what we can sense
WANDER vs WONDER and perceive (physical science); Deductive Reasoning.
To move about or walk To feel curious, doubt or WHY IS THERE A NEED TO PHILOSOPHIZE?
leisurely and aimlessly. surprise.  Sense of wonder  Experience LEARNING FROM PHILOSOPHERS
A physical activity. A mental activity.  Doubt  Love for Wisdom  ANCIENT GREEKS: “to have a good life”
 MEDIEVAL: “to defend God”
KNOWLEDGE vs WISDOM HOW DO WE CHARACTERIZE THE STUDY OF  MODERN: “to reason/rationalize”
Composed of facts, Composed of PHILOSOPHY?  POST-MODERN: “to find meaning”
information and skills. knowledge, experience  Framework  Important Facts
and good judgment  Internal Questions  Holistic Thinking PRACTICAL USES OF PHILOSOPHY: Decision Making,
Gives you the ability to Gives you the ability to  External Questions  Partial Thinking Critical Thinking, Communication, Wisdom and Self-
identify whether some discern whether some  Area of Knowledge  Reflection Development.
fact is truth or false. idea is right or wrong.

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