Student: Sebastian Sánchez. – ID: 28.462.

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Teacher: Gilberto Salcedo.

Comparison chart
Neoclassicism Transcendentalism Naturalism Realism
Neoclassical literature was Transcendentalism was Naturalism is Realism is a movement
written between 1660 and an idealistic literary and a literary genre that in art, which started in
1798. Writers of the philosophical movement of started as a movement the mid nineteenth
Neoclassical period tried to the mid-19th century. in late nineteenth century in France, and
imitate the style of the Beginning in New England century in literature, later spread to the entire
Romans and Greeks. Thus in 1836, various visionaries, film, theater, and art. It world. Realism entered
Definition the combination of the terms intellectuals, scholars, and is a type of extreme literature at almost at
'neo,' which means 'new,' and writers would come together realism. This movement the same time. Its real
'classical,' as in the day of the regularly to discuss spiritual suggested the roles of objective was to root out
Roman and Greek classics. ideas. family, social conditions, what is called fantastic
The Neoclassical Period is and environment in and romantic in
also called the shaping human literature and art, to
"Enlightenment" due to the character. insert what is real.
increased reverence for logic
and disdain for superstition.
-Quality of Literature: Nonconformity: -Determinism: every - Quality of Literature:
Decorum, concision, Individualism. event is casually Realistic, clear, precise,
restraint, balance, reason, Self-Reliance: determined by the serious, truthful, and
regularity, wit -Trust yourself/ intuition. cause-consequence accurate.
-Language: Dressed up Optimism chain. - Language: Technical,
language, formal, full of -All men have equal - Pessimism: darkest clinical, detailed,
allusions, didactic. possibilities. situations of human life, realistic.
-Genres: Satire, epistle, epic, -Man is inherently good such as vice, violence, - Genres: Novel, drama,
sonnet. Nature: racism, disease. newspaper
Features -Ideas of nature: The order -Appreciation of the simple - Writers use realism
of things, harmony, life and the natural -It rejects as a literary technique
 rationality, the real world as surroundings Romanticism. to describe story
we experience it is divinely elements, such
ordered Oversoul: - Human condition as setting, without
-Connects all to: God, influenced by using
Nature, Man-We are all part inheritance elaborate imagery,
of something larger than or figurative language.
each part. This belief draws
the line between celebrating
the self and being selfish.

We find in the Neo-classical The Transcendentalists Naturalism was highly Realism was influenced
age, the dominance of drew their inspiration from influenced by the by Krausism, which as
Materialism and Empirical many sources: Platonism publication of the such, advocated a
Science. and Neoplatonism; Indian book The origin of practical and rationalist
Under the influence of and Chinese scriptures; the species from Charles philosophy, which is
empirical philosophy and writings of mystics such as Darwin In 1859, which is related to the ethical
experimental science, writers Emanuel Swedenborg and the foundation character of individual
Thoughts of the age narrowed both Jakob Böhme; the post- of Evolutionary biology. behavior, and the belief
that their vision of man and view Kantian idealism of Thomas that the perfection of
influenced of life. Carlyle and Victor Cousin; Darwin's theory strongly man was the basis for
them and German and English influenced naturalists, the evolution of society.
Romanticism. who saw people as
different species, that is,
different types of
people, all struggling to
survive and thrive.

The Neo-classical literature Transcendentalists believed We see some of the Realists considered the
considers man as a limited that humans were scientific principles in man as a simple person.
Conception being, having limited power. fundamentally good but naturalistic works, and Realist writers used to
A large number of satires and corrupted by society and humans struggling for illustrate life without
works of the period attack the that they should therefore survival in hostile and romantic subjectivity and
man for his pride and advise strive for independence and alien society. In fact, idealization. They
of man him to remain content with self-reliance. naturalism took its cue focused on the
his limited power of from Darwin’s theory of actualities of life, and
knowledge. Thus man in evolution, which holds truthfully treats the
Neo-classical literature that life is like a struggle commonplace
remains a being of limited and only the fittest characters of everyday
means and power. survive. life.
-John Milton: Paradise Lost, - Ralph Waldo Emerson:  - Émile Zola: “The - Mark Twain: Tom
and Areopagitica: A speech Nature and Self-Reliance Rougon Family Sawyer, and The
of Mr. John Milton. and Other Essays. Fortune”, and Adventures of
-Alexander Pope: - Henry David Thoreau: “The Experimental Huckleberry Finn.
Translation of the Iliad, and Walden, or, Life in the Novel”. - Horatio Alger, Jr:
Pastorals and An Essay on Woods, and Civil  -Henry James: The Art
Authors Ragged Dick, and Strive
Criticism. Disobedience. of Fiction, and “The and Succeed.
Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's - Margaret Fuller: Woman Beast in the Jungle”
Travels, and Drapier's in the Nineteenth Century, - Stephen Crane:
- Hamlin Garland:
Letters. and Summer on the Lakes  Maggie: A Girl of the
“A Son of the Middle Streets, and The Red
Border”, and “Rose of Badge of Courage.
Dutcher’s Coolly”.