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11 Numpy Cheat Sheet

This document provides summaries of NumPy concepts like axes, shape, broadcasting, boolean indexing, and np.nonzero(). It explains that axes refer to the dimensions of multidimensional arrays. Shape shows the size of each axis. Broadcasting conceptually copies arrays during arithmetic to match shapes. Boolean indexing extracts elements where a boolean array is True. Np.nonzero() returns indices of non-zero elements, useful for searching arrays.

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353 views

11 Numpy Cheat Sheet

This document provides summaries of NumPy concepts like axes, shape, broadcasting, boolean indexing, and np.nonzero(). It explains that axes refer to the dimensions of multidimensional arrays. Shape shows the size of each axis. Broadcasting conceptually copies arrays during arithmetic to match shapes. Boolean indexing extracts elements where a boolean array is True. Np.nonzero() returns indices of non-zero elements, useful for searching arrays.

Uploaded by

Toldo94
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NumPy Cheat Sheets: Tips and Tricks

What‘s the Meaning of Axes and Shape properties?


1D NumPy Array 2D NumPy Array 3D NumPy Array
Axis 0

Axis 0

Axis 0
Axis 1 Axis 1
→ a.ndim = 1 „axis 0“ → a.ndim = 2 „axis 0 and axis 1“ → a.ndim = 3 „axis 0 and axis 1“
→ a.shape = (5,) „five rows“ → a.shape = (5, 4) „five rows, four cols“ → a.shape = (5, 4, 3) „5 rows, 4 cols, 3 levels“
→ a.size = 5 „5 elements“ → a.size = 20 „5*4=20 elements“ → a.size = 60 „5*4*3=60 elements“

What‘s Broadcasting? How to Search Arrays? The np.nonzero() Trick

Goal: bring arrays with different shapes into the same shape Goal: find elements that meet a certain condition in a NumPy array
during arithmetic operations. NumPy does that for you! • Step 1: Understanding np.nonzero()

import numpy as np import numpy as np

salary = np.array([2000, 4000, 8000]) X = np.array([[1, 0, 0],


salary_bump = 1.1 [0, 2, 2],
[3, 0, 0]])
print(salary * salary_bump)
# [2200. 4400. 8800.] print(np.nonzero(X))
# (array([0, 1, 1, 2], dtype=int64), array([0, 1, 2, 0],
• For any dimension where first array has size of one, NumPy dtype=int64))
conceptually copies its data until the size of the second array
is reached. The result is a tuple of two NumPy arrays. The first array gives the
• If dimension is completely missing for array B, it is simply row indices of non-zero elements. The second array gives the
copied along the missing dimension. column indices of non-zero elements.
• Step 2: Use np.nonzero() and broadcasting to find elements
What‘s Boolean Indexing?
Goal: create a new array that contains a fine-grained element import numpy as np
selection of the old array
## Data: air quality index AQI data (row = city)
import numpy as np X = np.array(
[[ 42, 40, 41, 43, 44, 43 ], # Hong Kong
a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [ 30, 31, 29, 29, 29, 30 ], # New York
[4, 5, 6], [ 8, 13, 31, 11, 11, 9 ], # Berlin
[7, 8, 9]]) [ 11, 11, 12, 13, 11, 12 ]]) # Montreal

indices = np.array([[False, False, True], cities = np.array(["Hong Kong", "New York", "Berlin",
[False, False, False], "Montreal"])
[True, True, False]])
# Find cities with above average pollution
print(a[indices]) polluted = set(cities[np.nonzero(X > np.average(X))[0]])
# [3 7 8] print(polluted)

We create two arrays “a” and “indices”. The first array contains The Boolean expression “X > np.average(X)” uses broadcasting
two-dimensional numerical data (=data array). The second to bring both operands to the same shape. Then it performs an
array has the same shape and contains Boolean values element-wise comparison to determine a Boolean array that
(=indexing array). You can use the indexing array for fine- contains “True” if the respective measurement observed an
grained data array access. This creates a new NumPy array from above average AQI value. The function np.average() computes
the data array containing only those elements for which the the average AQI value over all NumPy array elements. Boolean
indexing array contains “True” Boolean values at the respective indexing accesses all city rows with above average pollution
array positions. Thus, the resulting array contains the three values.
values 3, 7, and 8.

„A Puzzle A Day to Learn, Code, and Play!“

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