“DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A Treadmill is a device generally for walking or running while staying in the same place.
Treadmills were introduced before the development of powered machines, to harness the power
of animals or humans to do work, often a type of mill that was operated by a person or animal
treading steps of a tread wheel to grind grain. In later times, treadmills were used as punishment
devices for people sentenced to hard labor in prisons.

More recently, treadmills are not used to harness power, but as exercise machines for
running or walking in one place. Rather than the user powering the mill, the machine provides a
moving platform with a wide conveyor belt driven by an electric motor or a flywheel. The belt
moves to the rear, requiring the user to walk or run at a speed matching that of the belt. The rate
at which the belt moves is the rate of walking or running. The simpler, lighter, and less expensive
versions passively resist the motion, moving only when walkers push the belt with their feet. The
latter are known as manual treadmills. The conveyor belt is coupled to the wheels of the
treadmill cycle by a suitable arrangement so that when the user walks, the machine is moved
forward and vice versa.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, SKIT, BENGALURU. 1

 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 The Energy Problem:

The main sources of energy that we are using are from fossil fuels. But these are finite
and environmental costly. More usage of fossil fuels will increase the carbon dioxide level in the
atmosphere. This will cause an imbalance in the atmosphere. Reducing the usage of fossil fuel
will result in less global warming.

(Figure2.1: Total world energy consumption by source)

From the figure, obviously just about 78.4% of the general vitality devoured is created by
the petroleum derivatives. In the interim we as a whole realize that the non-renewable energy
source repositories are running low as the utilization is excessive. Subsequently, as the power
prerequisites on the planet are expanding, it is obligatory to examine more about the sustainable
wellspring of vitality. Reasonable, condition inviting vitality can be created by catching energies
from the common and human made sources that encompass us in the earth or by atomic splitting.
The encompassing wellsprings of vitality are accessible in huge amount and the innovations are
enhancing to extricate these energies proficiently. A few cases for these sorts of energy sources
is wind energy, sunlight based energy, hydroelectric energy, wave energy, human energy, atomic
energy and so forth.

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 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

2.2 Energy Harvesting:

The small amount of energy which is going to be wasted if not used is called as ambient
energy. This can come from many forms like solar energy (in the form of light from sun or
indoor lights), kinetic energy (in the form of motion including pressure and vibration), thermal
energy (in the form of heat from sun, machines or human body) also other forms Like
electromagnetic, winds, tides, currents, noise and chemical etc. These energies are captured by
an energy harvester.

2.3 Human Energy:

In a day, a normal human body consumes roughly 10.5 MJ of energy, which is

proportionate to around 121W of energy scattering. This power scattering may happen either
effectively or latently in day by day life movements. This makes the human body and
movements a highly attracting surrounding energy source. Numerous innovations and inquiries
about are going ahead so as to extract power from human body utilizing the waste vitality
scattered.

There has been great deal of research on this treadmill bicycle fabrication. The origin and
use of the treadmill bicycle system began from several years ago and develop throughout the
new concept revolution. At the late first century AD Roman Empire introduce first treadmill, as
they need to lift heavy weight they incorporate this new invention. The workers walk within the
treadmill having large diameter they could lift double the weight with half the crew. Nicholas
potter also work in this field and invented a treadmill which is powered by animal and reduce
human effort with more output. In 18th Century new concept of treadmill for prisoners as a
punishment, this idea was brought in goal by Sir William Cubitt. Before the development of
Bruce protocol there was no safe, standardized protocol that could be used to monitor cardiac
function in exercising patients. To address these problems Dr. Robert Bruce and Dr. Paul Yu
began work on developing exercise test.

1) William Cubitt - He invented prison treadmill for punishment. The prisoner would simply
work the wheel to produce power to grinding and pump water. The main motto behind this
invention was to punish the prisoner. [1]

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 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

2) Nicholas Potter - He invented “Dog Power Treadmill” to tackle domestic work and produce
rotary and reciprocating motion for use with light machinery. To run the treadmill animals like
horses and dogs energy are used. Nicholas Potter, of Troy PA noted as the father of the first dog
treadmill this machine is then marketed as a practical devise for dogs. The first patent issued in
1871 and the final patent in 1881. [2]

(Fig 2.2 Nicholas Potter’s Dog Power Treadmill)

3) Dr. Robert Bruce - A cardiologist from University of Washington conducted research to

monitor and diagnose various heart conditions and diseases. He gives the idea of treadmill for
exercise. First experiment involved a single stage test in which person walked for 10 minutes on
treadmill with a constant speed. Rd. Bruce published his first paper on treadmill in 1949
analyzed minute by minute change in respiratory and circulatory function of normal adult and
patients with heart or lungs ailment.[3]

4) A L Schwab - "Experimental validation of a treadmill on a bicycle- Treadmill Bicycle.”

Treadmill bicycle can be used in place of regular bike at cheaper cost and without use of fuel.
The treadmill bicycle will proof to be a future vehicle as no fuel is used for travelling through
this and it is pollution free. The treadmill which is used for walking helps to keep us fit as
exercise is also one of the important tasks for a person to be fit a d healthy for day to day life.
Treadmill is cheaper than the normal bike which also makes it efficient and in this treadmill
bicycle we can use reciprocating pump for giving water to plant and gardens as well as this can
be used for transportation purpose also. [4]

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 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

5) William Staub - A Mechanical Engineering William Staub and Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper
brought the first household exercise treadmill to market. He called his first treadmill “The Pace
Master 600” at his plant in Clifton, New Jersey. [5]

6) Dr Swapnali Ravikiran Kisan MD, Dr Anitha OR MD & Dr Chandrakala SP MD -

Treadmill Bicycle is one type of bicycle in which a man walks on the treadmill and then
treadmill moves backward. This motion of treadmill actuators the electric motor and motor
rotates the shaft of rare wheel using chain drive and battery. The motion of treadmill bicycle is
depend upon the human efforts so it is also called as walking bicycle. In multipurpose treadmill
bicycle we are going to attach a reciprocating pump for pumping the water. Reciprocating pump
pressurize water. Multipurpose treadmill bicycle consists of parts like wheels, treadmill, battery,
dc motor, chain drive, reciprocating pump. [6]

7) V R Gandhewar, Priyanka H Kakade, Himani S Lonkar -

In ancient days concept of treadmill was invented for generating mechanical energy with the help
of animals such as horse, dogs etc. First treadmill was introduced by Roman Empire for heavy
loading like conveyer belt which we use in industries. Some of those invention required electric
power for initial torque. After study the history of treadmill bicycle we get idea to develop new
concept of treadmill which will manually operate so that no external energy source is required to
run treadmill bicycle. [7]

8) Ajan C R, Ajay Sugadan K, Akshay Balachandran, Antony Rijo, Renji C R -

Walking Bike is a project which focuses on the design and fabrication of a totally new way of
moving. The idea is to create economic and ecological exercise machine/transport. The bike
responds to walking input on the treadmill belt and powers it. Alternative power is given to the
wheel using a motor. The transmission is done using a series of chain drives. The structure is
well balanced and strongly built to withstand higher loads. The motor supports the vehicle
to move in difficult terrains and steep slopes. [8]

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 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

CHAPTER 3

OBJECTIVES AND PROBLEM STATEMENTS

3.1 OBJECTIVES:
 The electric powered health cycle is totally new gateway in transportation
 The electric powered cycle takes a very minimal effort to walk than "a walk in park".
 By this the rise in pollution can be greatly minimized and also make people exercise while
they travel to various destinations.
 It totally works on the non conventional energy source.
 It has also played a predominant role in global warming and also took up some part in fuel
less transportation method.

3.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS:

 Treadmill is no longer way of mobilized form of operation, but an effective exercise

alternative for challenge like hectic schedule and busy street.
 The treadmills are heavy in weight and stationary at the gym so people get bored while
running on it.
 In our day to day life people mostly use cars, bikes, etc causing environmental pollution.
 People who travel in nearby offices below 5-7 km can use treadmill cycle.

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 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

4.1 MATERIALS REQUIRED:

SL NO. PARTS NAME MATERIAL QUANTITY

1 Chassis Tubes Mild Steel 20Kg
2 Shafts Carbon Steel(EN 8) 4Nos
3 Treadmill Belt Rubber 1Nos
4 Wheels Standard 3Nos
5 Chain Alloy Steel 1Mtr
6 Spur Gears Mild Steel 2Nos
7 Sprocket Steel 2Nos
8 Pedestal Bearing Mild Steel 10Nos
9 Bicycle Handle Standard 1Nos
10 Nut, Bolts and Washer Mild Steel 30Nos
11 Treadmill Frame Aluminium 5Kg
12 Rollers Mild steel 5
13 Treadmill Deck Sheet Stainless Steel 4Mtr
14 Disc Brakes Standard 2Set
15 DC Motor 18 amps 1Nos
16 Belt Rubber 500Cm
17 Hub Standard 1Nos
18 Battery Lithium (48V, 20AH) 2Nos
19 Key Set Standard 1Nos
20 LED Indicator and Reflector Standard 1Nos

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4.2 DESIGN:

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 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

4.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The working of treadmill cycle is majorly based on the principle of the linear motion
applied by the human being on the treadmill into the rotary motion of the wheels with the help of
gear system and motor mechanism. A handle is placed in the front for controlling the vehicle.
The treadmill belt which is held in tension is coupled to the wheels of the machine, usually rear
wheels. The rollers are connected by a suitable arrangement for efficient transmission of motion
thus having minimal losses during transmission.

The treadmill cycle is driven manually, more or less the same effort is required to drive
the Bicycle as the effort required in treadmill, and it consisting of DC motor and batteries are
connected to it to run when various gear arrangements and two shafts provided to change the
motion. The treadmill cycle will be the best in its segment.

The treadmill is also powered by a 48V battery that drives the motor which makes the
vehicle movement. This mode of transmission helps the rider to travel when he is tired after
walking on the treadmill for some time. Also when the rider is walking on the treadmill the shaft
gear is also connected to the DC Motor which in turn rotates. So the motor generates power and
this can be stored in the battery and the battery is charged.

4.4 METHODOLOGY:
 Identification of the problem.
 Literature Survey.
 Material Selection for Parts of treadmill.
 Design of Parts &Selection of bearings.
 Fabrication process.
 To select the length & diameter of the shaft, forces applied on the components of the
cycle which are moving and stationary.
 Assembly of unit.
 Finalizing the project.
 Process parameters: Metal cutting, Sawing, Welding, Drilling.

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 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

5.1 ADVANTAGES:
 Simple in construction.
 Easy to fabricate.
 The components used for the fabrication are simple and easily available.
 The cost of the system is less.
 No need of separate time for exercising.
 No need of skilled operators to operate this machine.
 Less maintenance is needed.
 Compact in size.
 Less weight.
 Easily portable.
 E-Bicycle use rechargeable batteries that can travel up to 25-40Km/hr.
 Emission free transportation.

5.2 DISADVANTAGES:
 Not suitable for travelling longer distances.
 Not as efficient as motor driven vehicles.
 More human effort is required in order to drive the vehicle.

5.3 APPLICATIONS:
 It also played a predominant role in global warming and also took up some part in fuel
less transportation method.
 It is used to travel from one place to another place inside the campus with less effort.
 This cycle can be an adaptable mode of transportation for rural and urban areas.
 Treadmill Bicycle helps in maintaining proper physique and fitness.
 It is echo friendly vehicle.

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5.4 EXPECTED RESULT:

 Commuting with low fatigue at a top speed of 20 km/h.
 Extends the riding range – 30kms on a single charge.
 Lesser maintenance cost.
 Normal pedaling is possible when not on power assist mode.
 Detachable battery can be taken inside the house for charging.
 No registration, no insurance and no driving license required.

5.5 FUTURE SCOPE:

 By implementing GPS we can give real time location

 We will Send Message about location on registered number.
 In this we have made a shear modification of treadmill and cycle running through solar
assisted energy, which is a non-conventional and renewable energy.

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 “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC TREADMILL CYCLE”

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

We developing a branch and bound approach which is coupled with quick, effective
bounds to optimize the “Electric Treadmill Bicycle” which serves the purpose of exercise and
travelling and also reduce the use of non- renewable energy resources. By this project we are
creating a platform in which mechanical energy is converted into linear motion. By using our
simple walking nature, we are changing it to a good running speed by which we are not only
saving energy but also recreating a formula of using small investment to a big amount of
achievement. This prototype can be a good promoted area to use the energy being wasted on
treadmills in fitness centers. By using this prototype, we can not only save energy but also create
a new idea of energy distribution in electrical field which is a common need to everyone in
future.

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REFERENCES:
1) William Cubitt: Google Wikipedia, “History of Treadmill”.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treadmill
2) Nicholas Potter: “A Review Paper On Concept And Utility Of Treadmill”
V. R. Gandhewar, Priyanka H. Kakade, Himani. S. Lonkar,
123 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, JDIET, Yavatmal, (India)
http://www.ijirse.com/wp-content/upload/2017/03/N1076ijirse.pdf
3) Dr. Robert Bruce: “A Review On Power Generating Using Human Foot Step With
Pizeo Electric Sensor And Treadmill”
Gopinath R, M. Lavanya, M. Arivalagan.
https://acadpubl.eu/hub/2018-119-16/2/334.pdf
4) Dr Swapnali Ravikiran Kisan MD, Dr Anitha OR MD & Dr Chandrakala SP MD:
“Treadmill and Bicycle Ergo meter Exercise: Cardiovascular Response
comparison”
https://globaljournals.org/GJMR_Volume12/4-Treadmill-and-Bicycle-Ergometer-Exercise.pdf
5) AL Schwab: “Design and Fabrication of Treadmill Bicycle”
Gavli Somnath D, Mote Vaibhav D, Zargad Ganesh B, Markad Vaibhav T.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331950519_Design_Fabrication_of_Treadmill_Bicycl
e_Synopsis_for_BE_Mechanical_Engineering_Project
6) William Staub: “Concept on Electric Motor
https://www.scribd.com/document/413515373/continue-docx
7) V R Gandhewar, Priyanka H Kakade, Himani S Lonkar: “Design and Fabrication
of Power Generating Manual Treadmill”
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V5/i5/IRJET-V5I5477.pdf
8) Ajan C R, Ajay Sugadan K, Akshay Balachandran, Antony Rijo, Renji C R:
“Walking E-Bike”
https://www.ijirae.com/volumes/Vol4/iss10/12.OCAE10091.pdf

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