Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among B: ell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope Hardness" ‘Thicstad is su under the Kx signa E40; the mun mney flowing the designaon ina the year of sei adetion on, in he ‘Spotl epilon fe rcs en lit sheng since This sada hx eon approved for we 1, Scope 1.1 Conversion hardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness, | presents data in the Rockwell C Viekers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hhardness, Knoop hardness, and Scleroscope hardness of non- austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are homogeneous. 1.2 Conversion Table > presents data in the Rockwell B hardness range on the relationship among Brivell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hardness, Knoop hardness, and Scleroscope hardness of non austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are homogeneous. 1.3 Conversion Tobie» presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hardness, and Knoop hardness of nickel and high-nickel alloys (nickel content over 50%). ‘These hhardness conversion relationships are intended to apply par- ticularly to the following: nickel-aluminum-silicon specimens finished to commercial mill standards for hardness testing, covering the entire range of these alloys from their annealed 10 their heavily cold-worked or age-hardened conditions, includ. ing their intermediate conditions. 1.4 Conversion 1 presents dat on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, tnd Rockwell superficial hardness of cartridge brass. 1.5 Conversion Tuble 5 presents data on the relationship between Brinell hardness and Rockwell B hardness of austen- itie stainless steel plate in the annealed condition, " These comer ales ater testion o ASTM Commits E28 on Mechanical Teaing ands to Uist responsi of Sconce E2RGG es Indentation Hannes Tein. ‘Cure com approved Jan, 1, 2007, Pulse Jamary 2907 Osnlly approved in 1958. Las. pevis eon apd ny 2005 a E1805 revision, he year lat eso, A inertia nica te yor of at eappana A st evsan or ep agencies of the Dennen of Dee 16 Conversion Table 6 presents data on between Rockwell hardness and Rockwell su of austenitic stainless steel sheet. L7 Conversion | presents data on the relationship ‘among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hardness, and Knoop hardness of copper, 1.8 Conversion Tobie % presents data on the relationship among Brinel! hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers hardness of alloyed white iron, 1.9 Conversion Tsbie 9 presents data on the relationship ‘among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, ‘and Rockwell superficial hardness of wrought aluminum prod- cts, 1:10 Many of the conversion values presented herein were cobiained from computer-generated curves of actual test data. Most Rockwell hardness numbers are presented to the nearest 0.1 of 0.5 hardaess number to permit accurate reproduction of these curves. Since all converted hardness values must be considered approximate, however, all converted Rockwell hardness numbers sball be rounded to the nearest whole ‘umber in accordance with Practice |: 2°. LAL A Xl-Appendix X9 contain equations devel ‘oped from the data in Tables 1-9, respectively, to convert from ‘one hardness scale to another. Since all converted hardness values must be considered approximate, however, all converted hharcness numbers shall be rounded in accordance with Practice B29 L12 Conversion of hardness values should be used only when itis impossible to test the material under the conditions specitied, and when conversion is made it should be done with diseretion and under controlled conditions. Each type of hardness testis subject to certain errors, but if precautions ane carefully observed, the reliability of hardness readings made on instruments of the indentation type will be found comparable. Differences in sensitivity within the range of a given hardness scale (for example, Rockwell B) may be greater than between two different relationship ial hardness "A Summary of Changes section appears at the ond ofthis standard eoyiste © AST sta 1098 Haar Bm PO Bor Coa We meer PR 1928233, Use Sa,Gly 140-07 values, whether from the tables or calculated from the equa- tions, are only approximate and may be inaccurate for specitie application, 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: * 1. Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi- als [18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell ‘Superficial Harciness of Metallic Materials Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications 92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate- rials [2354 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma terials [488 Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials 3. Methods for Hardness Determinations 3.1 The hardness readings used with these conversion tables shall be determined in accordance with one of the following ASTM test methods: 3.L-L Viekors Hardness—Test Method 12 9 3.1.2 Brinell Hardness —Test Method [: 10. 3.1.3 Rockwell Hardness—Test Method | 15 Seales A, By C,D.B,B.G,H, K, IS-N, 30-N, 45.N, 15-T, 30-T, 45-T, 15-W. 3.14 Knoop Harduess—Test Method {23s 3.1.5 Seleroscope > Hentiness—Practice 124. Nore 1—The comparative hardness test done wo generate the con sion table in this standard weve preformed in past years using ASTM tes, methods in effect at hs te of testing In some cases, the Standards have ‘changed in ways that could fet the final results, FoF example, eamently both the Rockwell nd Brinell hardness sondards (Test Method F.18 and E10, respectively) allow or requite the use of tungsten care ball indenters; however, all of the ball scale Rockwell hardness tests (HRB, HR3OT, ee.) and most ofthe Brinellnandess tess preformed to devolop ables use hardened see! ball indenters. The use of tungsten earbids Will produce slightly viflerent hardness results tin see balls Therefore, the use is eautioned to consider these dilfeences and to hee in mind the approximate nature of these conversions When spying ther to the resus tess using tungsten carbide balls 4. Apparatus and Reference Standards 4.1 The apparatus and reference standards shall conform to, the description in Test Methods 1592, F 10, 15 18, B384, and Practice lz 2 For recrnied ASTM standart, i the ASTM wc, wuecamng. oe tet ASTM Canine Sorvice a scveanra cng. For Amal Boot of AST Stenurds vole elonetion lero Ue sands Dace Saray page Ue ASTM webs “TRegicrsd lenin of the Store Insrest and Mansfactirse Co, Ine 5. Principle of Method of Conversion 5.1 Tests have proved that even the most reliable data cannot be fitted to a single conversion relationship for all metals. Indentation hardness is not a single fundamental property but a combination of properties, and the contribution ‘of each to the hardness number varies with the type of test. The ‘modulus of elasticity has been shown to influence conversions ‘at high hardness levels; and at low hardness levels conversions between hardness scales measuring depth and those measwring diameter are likewise influenced by differences in the modulus of elasticity. Therefore separate conversion tables are necessary for different materials, [Nowe 2—Handness conversion values for other metals based on com- parative test on similar materials having similar mechanical proptis wil be ade to this standard asthe nced arises 6. Significance and Use 6.1 The conversion values given in the tables, or calculated by the equations given in the appendixes, should only be considered valid for the specific materials indicated, This is because conversions can be affected by several factors, includ ing the material alloy, grain structure, heat treatment, ete 6.2 Since the various types of hardness tests do not all measure the same combination of material properties, conver- sion from one hardness seale to another is only an approxiniate process. Because of the wide range of variation among different materials itis not possible to state confidence limits for the errors in using a conversion chart. Even in the case of a table established for a single material, such as the table for cartridge brass, some error is involved depending on compo- sition and methods of processing. 6.3 Because of their approximate nature, conversion tables wst be regarded as only an estimate of comparative values. It is recommended that hardness conversions be applied pritna- rily to values such as specification limits, which are established by agreement or mandate, and that the conversion of test data be avoided whenever possible (se2 Nov |) 7. Reporting of Hardness Numbers 7.1 When reporting converted hardness numbers the mea: sured hardness and test scale shall be indicated in parentheses as in the Following example: 353 MBW (38 HRC) o 8. Keywords 8.1 conversion; hardness seale; metallicly = 140-07 TABLE 1 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C Hardness Rangey’ ” ne Bree rds RenBer __ xngap _ReokvelRacress Nobo Rodval Suoiel ares Nonbot 5 Rea feiGvikes oan tom as Se Ba Nace Wosners sts Cain NUGEH Asean, Sil, EN Smal, S01 Sen, vag. oss Nureer Muober Bah a, ara “oat opi! igh aoagl” “Nasagh M22 'Naroer WSigt OV) cocctey bgt Or Gea) HRD). AR TSN)GHRADT GUAM) MMs HA we) ey ew) wc) oso = as Te m2 ma ma wae er s00 BO 7B 29 28 m2 aor aS os 154 es 2s nl ore rr gy te 3 2 a0 Ro | fe e00 (2) me 738 a aut mo mse a mm (mo) eta Bo aa at oo ems (os) ena ne ot m3 as us oe sn oe ns sor rea nt ar oo | oor fo) mi nor soe ns see or 0 MGT oo 8 ree 5s nr) 58 rr oz 63 wr ia re) sys Se es feo oa 32 rd ar) Sr 8 67 63 ns @o 4a 55 so 3 ma Bo 3 ea Psd So a er fra he 58 oe (560 Soe a ea es na moa sao) nr as be faa v4 ro 5 sean) 4 ee as 250 aa ee fo 58 les) a seo es e5 a3 550 ar ) a Bek et 80 ore me 2 ae ‘1 a omar sia as eer ms a om ae Sas eo 9 esa ia oe pe = © fae foo cr bia 503 3 ue a a 0 eas soa 0 cto 400 a oe ‘9 “ 8 6 fee 5a es 1 a Ss @& Pi = = fo srr e5 2 a7 2 ie 500 mw OS 563 as ma “5 a tee a ot et 02 eo be a3 ee a sn en sea as Ss ar 2 ie a ao oe 548 m9 sae a3 a om 359 sh Sa ms ad fos ae) ae ae sa res 58 a6 it 26 Oat 3 3 59 ane MS ar er) 515 nm so ma = Be 3 mo tra soa na 2 a6 = a an at Sete soa ms 53 Ma 2 ie ao a es oe fe Bs any ne) 26 re rs) as 75 513 m5 xn me 286 2 SH BS a7 750 oe ana 2 ot a mm et ao mS as aot ee an mm aaa ne ae 23 2 om 5 zo as2 rs a za 2% om 28 ae me as Re ae 27 6 ss ome ae 72 59 285 260 oa rota as ne so 23 ise 38 2 me O a io ate 24 Boe ar wrt tS as 705 2 za a BS 2 me Bt aos mo 3 27 20238 Zz zs in aos os ans 596 “inthe able haacnzs free ere fl sl os ° [ais oquatons conve'tng set nareross scale numer to Rockall Charnes numbers or nonouttene slels.Rofort below using copversion ators ‘eThe Binal hares curbs In parentheses ae cls he tanga recommeded for Bn hardnas esting 1 of Tost Method E10 ©: mase Seerosspe hares con‘ersen av eases VckarsSac zope adnate steep deveaped rom Ves hardness cat povided by the Nations! ‘Sureau of Standards for 18 ste relrence blocks, Sceroxcora hardness values cbieined on those bloc bythe Shore Instument arid ig Co. he. the Rod Mavufachrers Insite, and memters of 8 isitte, and also on hardness corversars previously passe by the Rrancan Salty fr Mile and tha Rol tatters as “Sze momen vena. 19118Gly © 140-07 ‘TABLE 2 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Stools (Rockwell 8 Hardness Range)” ° one Ne, Sinaia. etme, achaer —neee, "OMe Stprel renee eee _ anal? Tomper Mtspess naa amber "S25 org’ ‘Nuoer, Number,“ YS:TSen,—-SOTSoue, «ST Seam Mambots Yoong Mant mca ‘oe tong “pkg” atigh” Neb (HRB) An (HK) (HRA) (HAF) (HAST) {HR 30-7), (HR 45-1) {HRE) 70 a za at ors Br mi we 700 a a ao fe Be ws ne 0 = aaa uae as 2 ms ae ne = ” bee bee 0 iss we Het os or os a ie ae ae we fa fas s ss ato Ho ban 3 ms ma a s Fa as as oe ora ne ot ae a 3 0 x0 ae Bo 08 ma se s 2 ‘23 ‘es BY ma fs ma eo 2 a i i an 3 m2 ma ae sr oo i ‘es a 2 me rs ee = = i e 0 Be fs ma se = a 1% jae 3 fa met fo a a ve tn jaa ea aa ma ae ® 4 is ie a Bs a8 ne ne = s 13 18 0 a me mt ae Ss es ie te 7 a7 ma ma soe a = i is i But me ha se a e is is i 8 ea nm Be @ e 133 33 ‘ar soo 23 ioe ae a fo i i is a8 ee ay ae o * i ie i “ea sea ay se 3 ia a ie i wea esa fas ioe nm ” in 1a is a3 fe ey oe ” 7 io te tne a3 ea or ae Ea *s i ie is a sie a3 oa wre Ee i 13 1 “w ‘ea an ay 7 eo ” % te ie 13 ‘se mas ea 1 so a 2 i is ts a3 oso so ee ae B n i is we ora a: Py ee n 0 ‘es i @ a3 me eu 1 ee no a PH is i” ae nae Pa we oa eo 3 i te i ‘aa ee er ar ‘on & e ia hs 12 we tet ea oto we er s ur i i as ots @) fae may « s ne he im aa oe fa sr a s rs is tte ie aa mae aa = ay a & ne ie & rd woe a me a7 @ e no Ho at mee me a a ® ei oe ine ie ‘ao a 5 m0 a & 2 ‘or or i ms a fo Be 2 0Ay © 140-07 TABLE 2 Continued 1 _ Pest Supatiel rss nber ROSES Fader! agg Be Kony, Racal F me ‘nes ‘ros hee Mirra ‘whessHithess erate, ants, «eTseam Never Wercer cree “ieee Mes tures, cee” ug” “cig” ay ‘oa mn Scooters ae al wes) (0) omm Baan Over Demand (1-888. see-mm) —(1.586-rm)—(1.58B-en) (1.588) ara rR . ar) pine gem ee meta ee eT © St Fa m0 ema & ewe i m0 0 me eee 2 2 ‘or fa aie me OS & & ‘eo '™ te mama ms & & i" Ser me & S m0 et esr & = m wos ear = 5 tm See ew s 2 ee Pa & mo eee ws s * ea ec eeacg cc eea cepa eee mg cee 3 ° 0 rms ty S & : mS mt me 4 hr @ s = S 8 Bs a fe s a m Be ea tar & S eee? ee reer s 2 OS mss tg ° a Se oh: ms mo ar ite & ° See aeae see set gC ap ICE ap Eee ° = ®t a ite = = S 83 me mo Se he & = Seca g Ee peal te = & i om ma a3 ae % = gay meee fs S = Se ede a & = eo oma om ko se S Fa pale cave cee ee ree eee teears te 3 x omer re ts a % fe mee ae % “bie Fasdrgs, Ag ole wal test ace, ® orisne oqutions convoring dotomines aréhese numbers to Reckwol & harsnecs mux: for ren-estonisa sels Rete oI. before usogfy & 140-07 oie saya 09 = = Ste oer ote 003 2 5 = Ss oso oe = on se sis ow 309 e oor se aes Suk 358 sot sieges ga sa @ oo nr ova a oe 2 se ous Se ou 8 oo» a Sic ves 0 sz ole % oy au se oust sm se 8 oe za Se seo Sa om Sr et on os Ss 0188 oo Str me cra sa se 00 Sta se Or oa ou oH sis oes ue sm ote 8 oo ras Ses seo Oe ots 008 a oo 0 sta ees) 51s ce sis ow Sa sm sls se sz ta se sek fo 0 obese sD oe eat cis ose se 069 Se 0D 03 ao oe om S88 se $m Sue oe 9 a5 om fu S08 se oss Owe wee sus 02 019 ome = ate aah oo = se 088 ee ou fie See 518 S19 re ber ores su oes one betwee ois sve sae bu ese Stee. Ove $99 soe bee sa eee See Se Soe ony $03 ae oe Sor eae eer ous si bor ey eur ses sz i oo 008 ce 2 ses $10 She toe Be ove ss Bis si uM) ese HD foun) un) daha aud Sed ast) puoueg pucut pica ve epwedhs a =a frst “ioege 001 +0 m5 BS i a - rm i ee cece sy RGD EA OHI TIME —oraED IHGA 7a suny une ee) aque 289004 IPH sou sou sm Sra sa 350 3L—Z LON, (1 nuouydag 205—] ON gS You AW SEES pw AURIS 0} papwewuwuooasso8ues a puosay ast Saul 2>us papurxuodd4 0 oy unos ast Sons WHS ow ¥SAOIY FONEIN-YBIH PUB TEXEIN Jo} SraquINN Uo}SueRUED ssoUprEH erewKosddy &-FTEVL ‘Ay & 140-07 7 = Zar si = uw eet = ee : ov & ee : os = & 8 : tot * ss a ost & & @ Es ost * eo 3 502 M4 18 e be 3 * = 8 eB wei aH aE ‘ono ond nad Seer er) z ina ‘eset . no notte a moe root roe Be pies = -— oo ey a a wwHSX MSD Os GI OGG SESS HRSG sMmEY seu ssn mouedns rE ny smi pamonu so in sn penaiog @ S1avLly © 140-07Gly © 140-07 TABLE 4 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Cartridge Brass (70 % Copper 20 % Zine Alloy)*® ockwot Hares Number Foctwel cet! Harness Number Be as, ce B Sean 100 Face, Oigh 157 Sea, WT Scie, 30 AST Sea, a5 ie ‘gh e es 15g vinin. (1588. hgh en ‘gl. on. monet n (S88 (18a) ‘vm (Sassnm) (Baan) ea ca al ca ta tal os, 0) i nisn easaen oaasn 7 m5 109) wo 75 wo 1 ‘o 18 es ier ie eo rio 0 iss ‘= Bs 160 ns as tee ‘0 mo es so te ‘8 a5 1s veo as ts it sa ms ry 83 ‘2 ms 1680 wo es ‘3 tm 3 tors 70 ay 486 in eo ns as tee te es 170 so 82 oi fo as tha fos 48 in as 1088 ns a9 ia eo ss ‘a te mo 1080 ao wo 20 6 tee es re sas ie tse fo 185 ro a ie is a 1930 fis as is i fs tis ses 2 is to és no eo 438 is fo ios9 ra ms e3 i ist ats 1998 708 me 1 ist fs toa : Bo 2 30 mo oes as 55 i via wo 1085 a So = is mo a0 as Bs 4 te ne iors to 83 a3 ts te no ine os 23 tat 10 Ho 08 fs eo 03 i ‘ee io inna as so i ee ms 35 wo eo “a3 20 ta has m0 es a3 io ie he bos sis eo wes ne 10 po oo ry as 3 wi te ne os ‘so 13 te ho oo fis ao te ta So me 0 Ho te so Bo ao eo ioe te eo Bs ito 1 iis so me es ‘ao fos ie so Bs wo xo 13 he oo Bo aS ao to he fe mo fio ma = no So mo 08, mS ry sto wo as % tos ms na a0 mo o ior Sao ms ms wo 2 es sr me 730 ms % 0 50 0 ins ze 2 so Ba mo ino mo = ee me a ns ws = “ ao aa ro ms 3 2 a5 aa ms Ba 2 so vs aa ie aia = ss eo mo 750 io 3 rd ho Ba is v0 ” & Bo aa as ie % 2 wo fo 3 tes i = as me ho eo n ns Bo me ns 78 n is es rea wos a i me ne 73 to 2 ms he eo a ° ae ns fo Bo % e as aa so 3 & @ 28 eas sao 250 st & 185 fe fo 2s 9 2 128 so as 0. #Ay 140-07 TABLE 4 Contieued ckwo Hardness Number Rockne Supers! Hardnoss Number pel tied ue locke Hardnoss Har 1ckwel Super! Hardness Number Geel toed: Hardrase B Sea, 10 S236, 6O%0H 157 Sea DoT See 3ST Seam a ao ‘Number gon vii, sigh von (1588 hgh ncn ‘ag, et S00, ny (tsar) (6.5860) my (188mm) (158810) a ‘al a! Bal ‘Bal ‘al Ca a3) (oR) (ets) wR30-7) (nas.7) fea o 100 5 25 = s 610 510 eo 8 Pt 588 200 150 2 a 8 Bs 0 = 2 5 570 a 0 505 55 a 3 0 sas % rr 70 535 4% a 40 a 6 a0 8 6 00 2 Tae nesangs, i oF rters wo i est rea * caine equatons convaring detemined hardness sesle names to Vekors hardness numbers fo earige base. Rete o 1.) elo ung »Ay & 140-07 ‘TABLE 5 Approximate Brinall-Rockwell B Hardness Conversion Numbers for Austenitic Stainless Steel Plate in ‘Annealed Condition Fistor Faraness Nani, ipjioraien neal ee tl (000-4, 10mm be (oF) Gael) “00 ae 99 2a 98 240 7 233 96 28 88 210 Pe 213 3 207 32 202 3 "7 ” me 29 187 3 183 8 174 5 10 ee 17 83 163 2 10 a 158 ca 158 7° 10 cd ww 7 we % 19 % 1 R 4 n 0 fn 23 & 28 68 oe eo tee ee ‘20 es ma ee 16 ee 13 & m oo 19 “nls hasdngs, lr ol alr fo ial et oo . Contains an equation cervering cetemined Binal harass rurers to Rocka 8 hardness nombre fe austne se! pte nthe ar aled Corton. Retr oI. ator sing he conversien sau. eigen u(Gly © 140-07 TABLE 6 Approximate Rockwoll Hardness Convorsion Numbors for Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet" Noni 1—These eonversons are based on interlaboratory tes conducted on the following grates: Types 201, 202, 301, 302, 304, 304,305,316, 3161 and 347. Tempers ranged fron annealed to extra hard for Type 301, witha smaller range of tempers forthe other tyres Test coupon thicknesses ranged from approximately 0.1 in, (2.5 ma) ¢0 0.080 in. (1.27 mn owe ess ober Fes Superieure Taam ora ae ENSiam et Sr Sa, 050 ise Coen ohne cot ‘Sore ‘otc \Somrcel ree “sea anand Beco Daren Star ane rear inc) eine ‘insos) cine = m7 or ‘62 zr $ Ba me 3 Fa 3 Be a ba 3 3 Ee Ey Se 2 4 Be et a a3 3 La ma oa a 3 ne a ae S 4 oe m3 fr si a Be 53 2 pay 3 ma Be Be a3 3 3 u EA or 3 te me ae 3 & es mo 2 2 = os fa 2 ai 3 wee we i So S i me 33 3 i oe ma as a 3 5 mS as ae S ua we 3 ae 3 as m3 as zs % Se a o Be z 83 ae ae 25 = ee ma oe 23 3 he aS a 23 2 a ma $3 Bs 3 3 a fa b? Bene ig, ARs Go Fen cig, 18 TS «GOT Sea, SO Pots Suro Stipe Seaway ate tog 7 oe Se a sar hey vara tr onten ono 5 ma 59) ws wo . we (a3) 8 Ea % a3 ties) 3 Ba * 3 ce a 2 a = ng st EA = & (03) & to FH 3 {rosa & nm % Bs {3 3 Be 7 ss ory &: ne . a toa 2 fe % Be tet oa u % ea (a Ss me 3 ae fren wi Ee e S ia EG ma & 33 fee St nm m2 {is so ne & = tie) Se 33 S Be toast = Se S 3 {ion a3 os & me tora ae = & ‘bs ti) si Se 3 a ee Sa Ss ” 8 3 so a % Be Se ee Ss 3 wa es a Se z $3 Pa a2 ei 3 3 Ss Hy he 2 21 3 a3 Sa a ts 2 Sa os 2 a Pa at Se ee (seer rec geoet ootAy & 140-07 TABLE 6 Continued 2 Sma, 100, A See, Oh F See, 5h 167 Gee, 15g —_—OOT Seva, Oh BST Sea, aah hon (588-0) Darerd vaetn (1586) on (.s8@sne) “(1888 rod (1 S86-m) Bal Ponattar Bate a Ba Pal 3) HRA) (eRe) oats, (HRSOT) (anes ® 433 we eo 389 387 ea 2 37 sa2 Ed er ‘22 315 73 575 ar & ae m8 733 568 357 os a0 oo mas st a7 eo soa 25 m2 sa m6 8 S08 eee 78 ear ms e 203 ost 7s 50 8 e a7 oa mm f3 08 6 384 8 787 25 28 Standard devin” my 275 229 167, 157 Ti abe hescings, korg etn to tal et ors gatas euohans eanveringcetrmined hardness nubers 2 Roch C and Racknel Bharsnes numbers for austen arose soe sheet Reler 1b. Door usg conversion equavons, Observed stantaa dovision ots moraberatory tos is about the nctad cerveroon kno ene ra BAf € 140-07 TABLE 7 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Copper, No. 102 to 142 Inclusive” ® wa oe Fe Sirsa Feet ocr Supert ee, od acess ter ire Nobo! ‘ie or one ee Br EET eam roam, ST eT eT esate, Sa TSN tas ame eo Se my Be Se fy Sg So pe mw Me, Yeh ein game (uses. (APN, elRs Yl tt laneter tag 00g tah soo TSB Ca, “er “omy 15SEC. ase. OTT ane cya) Se) pal ea) oR eM) ota) eal ato SB (Ib) OIG) gay eats) (so) (ts) coi actin cmuoswm 7080 o00n Gazm Gat oto, (ca Sp Gam) (naan) ee ao Sep Sap ry Taree we wwe woe en via0 3 tee tet wo ee St me sows ie FA ime jst ms soe os sido ge ia imo ier as Bs ooo soos] 78H i re tea 3 s&s sok take & te tm ao as wo oo oes tents i trast Se ko edo eo Ha tes ne ts) ar eo sso so Be fore ee ne te Mos aio Ba oo seks, ORS 5] tas mM tte farms BD soos wo ime neo te tas jes ao Se mo sooo est i tre hes ws Somes soso So te ts fige ris boo foo fas Bo Se mse toe tas fat Tao es ee i me eo fas Jeo bs gs ms me mo ms ee io me ise To 80, aso ms os aro 3 torsion tra es Soooms me ge 22 ke Bs * ima torneo bo ms ms ee sos % ime woo uses me momo ste oes 2 ro wen Tea 8 Bs ms mo Mo OD BO % a Bo oso mo somes 2 ®s mo os Bs ohms mo 4 ies fa 2 ms mo ns Ae Bo ese MS 7 & @3 oo feo Bets oo eo Zo & mi oma ns fee Booms ane 3s Ba a mo &o Be fo Bo mo ms eo ng 3 S7 moo feo fe ono ms ws bo Be ze es 6 ns as mSome ns eo Bo es ” moe no ae Me Gs op 3 2 mo yo ars tse) ee «3 2 memes saa ome Ges a3 eS om om ma wo eS 23 mo ceo os & om ons no &o | ats woos es 3 Soom ae mo ws a8 mo ee a3 S mi fo ms te we Sen AD Se S om Go my mo me Bo Sao ao 8. Sous S. Ge fe iso iss a3 S omc Ss eo bss bo oo 3 & es fa ms fos as oo fs fen ao & 6 go fe So mo fois os % es 3 so fo fee Gs a & of: Ss gr So 85 so 3 23 S m2 &3 &2 fs ae So fe Bo & 8 8: os Ss Ste Ss Se @ 8 S 2: 8: i ee nD S53 a2 see zo cas “in tie Wean9s, KT oof eff oa eat oe ® ‘contains equations convering deterred rrchoss scale ruber te Vers hardness numbers for eons, ruber 10210142 nse, ler fo bore using conversion eauains rpms “ SERIES Tits SoamesAly © 140-07 TABLE 8 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Alloyed White trons “& © Vere Binal FosewalS Views ‘Bier Feared S Hardness, HV 50 Hatches, HW Hardness, HRC Horess, HY 50 ewcnoss, BW Haran HAC 70 (003) 70 530 i 990 (000) eo 20 oo % ‘60 (ess) e 510 38 5 340 (50) oe 220 s 520 (633) e 00 s 00 es) & 590 8 90 (38) @ 550 5 a (a0) & 500 50 0 (rea) e 520 8 220 (as) 6 500 a 00 (an) @ ‘00 4 7 (ri) @ 40 a 79 (02) st 40 2 ts on) & 20 “0 720 (ear) 2 400 38 700 (339) 58 350 35 ~ Data wera goveaid in an niaraborioy comparoon program conducsd by Kozan Foundy-neria Gocely Space Vons Subsowmitew, 50. Supporing Ga avlable on oan fom ASTM Hoadarors. Regul PR: E25-1008, “inte neacng hoes a et 8 Sis gona equatons eovering detained hardnees scale numbers te Vickers harass numbers for alloyed wt rors leo 1.1% belo ung ‘erate urgstoncaridebat "Brno hdres numbers in psvent-eeos are abovs the mcalrum hardrese recommenced by Tes! Mab TABLE 9 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Wrought Aluminum Produets* nd re presente for nlatin nly. Rinne eee acs ose Harohss Naber Tose Sonera arco NORD mana ooae scan TTSme——oTSae «NSW Sele Number ‘omg, cong “aaah aot ie cadmensay "Tage von at vee all wnat wana nas) wy ino) ‘wie cis) tame) Ie 1 1 a = 7 is is ° 2 ie % 1 i" e 2 * o 1 i e a a Hf to ie = a 2 a is 159 a " n = 1 ‘3 st = ao = i ie n = a 2 io ia ® rf e 2 he is z ‘sn = & Fa no @ a i s S 3 ‘as ce & Fy a st 2 i i rf s 5 Fa = FS i" ss & 2 e 0 > 10 Ff s ‘0 a a = = = " or & 5 = 2 a & 8 na s % = au ee fot rn * " * = a 2 toe nm a & n Fa t29 n ss © @ n Fa i = s e s a a = a s : 2 1 a © & Ps S = @ » a a * S & 7 Data wre gone-aied nan teraboratary teal gram conducied by ASTI Subcovwiee EZB 5, Suppor dala avaiable Hom ASTN Henaquanere, Roques AR 26-1005, “lea haa, halo reer to tl tet fore cenwarion saat 6 Carians equctons cowering determin hardness Seale numbers ta Binal numbers for wraught sini prods. loro bore ura[fovoldor mourns wn AST ly & 140-07 APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Xi. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR NON-AUSTENITI (DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS X11 The following equations were generated from the specific hardness numbers contained in [| and should not be used for converting numbers outside of the defined hardness range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process, the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole nber in accordance with Practice | X1.1.1 From Vickers hardness to Rockwell C hardness: HRC == + 3.149005+01 + 7.966838-02(HV) ~ 3SS432E-OSHV)? — 6728168 +0X(HV) RE = 09999 oy X1.1.2 From Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter steel ball, 3000-kaf force) to Rockwell C harcness: HRC = + $.35260E-+01 ~ 8.68203E~02(HS) + 1.442298 Os|HBSy! — 1.15908E-+04(HBS)~* RE = 09998 2) X1.1.3 From Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter tungsten carbide ball, 3000-kgf force) to Rockwell C hardness: HRC = + 1.SI673E-+01 + 1.20388 -01(HBW) ~ 6.943885 Os(HEW) — 4.88327E-+081aW) | RE = 09098 (x13) X1.14 From Knoop hardness (S00-gf force and greater) to Rockwell C hardness: HRC = © 6431028 +01 + 7.59497E03(FK sy, yuo) + 1137296: OS(EK sp van” — 1.1TS1SE + 04(HKSO0-1000) —" = 10000 i) XI.L5 From Rockwell A hardness to Rockwell C hardness: Information) STEELS TO ROCKWELL C HARDNESS NUMBERS) HRC = ~ 1.285018 02 S91178E-O3HRAY 3999 os) XI.L.6 From Rockwell D hardness to Rockwell C hardness: IRC = ~ 3.208064 DI + 1.30193E-+001RD) RE = (0000, 2.67478 = OO\HRA) — 16) XI.L7 From Rockwell 15N hardness to Rockwell C hard- IRC = ~ 3.746668 + 02 + 1.275828 + O1(HRISN) ~ 1485178~ DUHRISN) + 6.68515E-ONHRISN)® win XLLL8 From Rockwell 30N hardness to Rockwell C hard: ness: HRC = ~ 2.603908-01 + 1.110798= 0(HR30N) R= 0000 eis) X1.1.9 rom Rockwell 45N hardness to Rockwell C hard= ness: HRC = + 318978500 + §:54135E-O1(HRASY) RE = 019999 xis) X1.1.10 From Scleroscope hardness to Rockwell C hard: ness: HRC ~ + 1.14708H+01 + 9,61667E-OMHSe) ~ 3.15195E~ 0348)" — 697209E-+02(HSe)~" R? = 1.0000 1.10) 1X2. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR NON-AUSTENITIC STEELS (DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO ROCKWELL 8 HARDNESS NUMBERS) X2.1_ The following equations were generated from the specific hardness numbers contained in Tye ? and should not be used for converting numbers outside of the defined hardnes range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process, the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole ‘number in accordance with Practice 1° 2 X2.1.1 From Vickers hardness to Rockwell B hardness: HRB = + 1146658402 + 882795E~02(ETV) — 1AIRSSE—04(HV' — 6.69528E +030HV) RP = 0.9098 ean X2.1.2 From Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter steel ball, 3000-kaf forez) to Rockwell B hardness: HRB = + 1.14665E+02 + §.82795E~02(HBS) ~ 1.A1RSSE-O4(HBS)* ~ 6.69528+0348185) 0.9998 022) 6 X2.1.3 From Knoop hardness (500-gf force and greater) to Rockwell B hardness ARB = + 1.75357. 02 ~ 2:37706E-OUHK sy) + 507438 HK. gu)? — LI2ABOE+DHBK go on! RE = 0.9996, 023) X2.1.4 From Rockwell A hardness to Rockwell B hardness: HRB = ~ 4823508+01 + 3.333548 +00(HRA) ~ {.so107E-0214RAy" RE = 1.0000 cea X2.15 From Rockwell F hardness to Rockwell B hardness: HRB = ~ 9998166 +01 + 1.75617E-+00.HRF) R= 1.0000 25) X2.1.6 From Rockwell 15T hardness to Rockwell B hardAly © 140-07 ~ 1.869602 + 308173E+-001HRIST; 1.0000 026) X2.1.7 From Rockwell 30 hardness to Rockwell B hard- HRB = ~ 2425605401 R= 1.0000 1494846 +00(HR307), can X2.1.8 From Rockwell 45T hardness to Rockwell B hard- HRB = + 2741358-+01 + 9.958748 RE = 1.0000 OUuiResT) 028) X3. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR NICKEL AND HIGH-NICKEL ALLOYS (DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO VICKERS HARDNESS NUMBERS) X3.1 The following equations were generated from the specific hardness numbers contained in and should not bbe used for converting numbers outside of the defined hardness range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process, the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole ‘number in accordance with Practice X3.1.1 From Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter steel ball, 3000-kgl force) to Vickers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kgr forces): HY 1.51030 = + §.52592E~02 + 9828896-01(HB5) + 1.897078 -04(4BS)" 1.0000 oan X3.1.2 From Rockwell A hardness to Vickers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kef forces): (HY 15.1030)" = + 2.138528-02 — 3.84341-O4(HRA) + 1.674598-06(URAF RE = 09998, cay X3.1.3 From Rockwell B hardness to Vickers hardness (.5, 10, and 30-kgf forces): (HY 15. 10,300"! = 1.292008-041HRB) 0.9999) 3.1.4 From Rockwell C hardness to Vickers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kgf forces): (Hv 15, 10,30"! ontRC) R= 09995 X3.L.5 From Rockwell D hardness to Vickers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kef forces): (av 15, 10,30)! 8.169528-07(HRDY? R= 09998 1.698526~( 03.) 6.28553E-03 ~ 1O8014E-O4HRC) oa.) + 104408 2 ~ 1. 86498E-DHHRD) = as) X3.1.6 From Rockwell E hardness to Viekers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kgF forces): (HY 15, 10,30)" = + 2.72280E-02 = 2.019938-—-04(HRE) RP = 0.9908 036) X3.1.7 From Rockwell F hardness to Viekers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kgf forces): «av 15.10,30) 238618-O4HRE) + 294130-02 oan R?=0,9991 X3.1.8 From Rockwell G hardness to Viekers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kgf forces): (1V 1.5, 10,30)"' = + 1.102398-02 cas) 8276288 -05(HRG) RP = 0.9999 X3.1.9 From Rockwell K hardness to Viekers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-ket forces): (HY 15, 10,30) 1 ATSSIE—D4(HRK) RE = 0998 = 1.874888 -02 a9) X3.1.10 From Rockwell 15N hardness to Viekers hardness (155, 10, and 30-kgf forces): {HY 1.5, 10,30)! = = 2.59838E~02 ~ 4.31479E-040HRISN) 1.754696-06(HRISN)? Re = 0.9998 (3.10) X3.1.I1 From Rockwell 30N hardness to Vickers hardness (15, 10, and 30-kgF forces): (HY 1.5, 10,30)°' = + 9.85078E—05 — LS83464—04(HRSON) 6.16727E-O7 ARSON? R? = 09997 oan X3.1.12 From Rockwell 45N hardness to Viekers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kgf forces) (HV 1.5. 10,30)"' = + 603882E-05 ~ 9512018-0S1HRISN) + 3.63345E-O7HRASN) RE = 0.9998, 03.12) X3.1.13 From Rockwell I5T hardness to Vickers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-kgf forces) (HV 1.5. 10,20" = + 3.714828~02 ~ 3.19957E-osdHHRIST) — ‘5926936-O8(HRIST? R? = 09995, oa X3.1.14 From Rockwell 30T hardness to Vickers hardness (15, 10, and 30-kgf forces) (AY 1.5, 10,30)" = 4+ 1.94133E~02 ~ 1.852968,—osCHRIOT) — 401798E-08(HR30T)* Bi 09908 cay X3.1.15 From Rockwell 45T hardness to Vickers harduess (1.5, 10, and 30-kef forces): av 1.5. 10,30)"* 1.618792 —O71HRAST)" 1.297368 ~02 ~ 1.146928 -D4UHRAST) —Ay © 140-07 R? = 0.9998, 63.19) X3.1.16 From Knoop hardness (500 and 1000-gf forces) 10 ‘Vickers hardness (1.5, 10, and 30-Kgf forces) HV 15, 10,30 = ~ S.08687E-01 4+ 8:78086E~01(HKs, onl RE = 1.0000 03.16) X4, HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR CARTRIDGE BRASS (DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO VICKERS HARDNESS NUMBERS) X4.1_ The following equations were generated from the specific hardness numbers contained in {.» 4 and should not be used for converting numbers outside ofthe defined hardness range, Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process, the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole number in accordance with Practice X4.1.1 From Rockwell B hardness to Vickers hardness: ayy + LTTN93B—02 ~ 1311125-08(HIRB) ~ 3.779038— OD(HRBY? + 355271 -09(HRB)" R 0.9906 Cony X4.1.2 From Rockwell F hardness to Vickers hardness: (iavy"! = + 295966—92 — 1.03725E-04(HRF) ~ 2.316698— (O6(HRFY” + 1.122038-08tHRE)* RP = 0.9998, (x42) X4.1.3 From Rockwell 1ST hardness to Vickers hardness: (HV)! + 7.685958 OS(HRIST = BLE 0.9998 os X4.14 From Rockwell 30T hardness to Vickers hardness: 1.791338 -O3(HRIST) + 1.841056: 08HRIST) (HY)! = + 2.089248-02 - 20348 —04(HRBOT) ~ 2.804416 Os(HRAOT + 1.35185~1008R307)" RE = 09998, ay X4.1.5 From Rockwell 4ST hardness to Vickers hardness: avy"! = + 1.362958~02 — 1 0x583~o4CHRAST) — 9:70S46HE~ O7(HRASTY’ + &7784E-oKHRIST) RE = 09999 45) X4.1.6 From Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter steel ball, '500-kgf force) to Vickers harness: HV ~~ 5.607252+00 ‘oo(HBS 10500715) RE = 0.9998, Ligoare+ 6) XS. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATION FOR ANNEALED AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL PLATE (DETERMINED BRINELL HARDNESS NUMBERS TO ROCKWELL B HARDNESS NUMBERS) XS. The following equation was generated from the specitie hardness numbers contained in Tse 5 and should not be used for converting numbers outside of the defined hardness range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process, the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole ‘number in accordance with Practice X5.1.1 From Brinell hardness (10-mm steel diameter ball, 3000-kaf force) to Rockwell B hardness: X6. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL SHEET (DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO ROCKWELL C OR ROCKWELL B HARDNESS NUMBERS X6.1 The following equations were generated from the specific hardness numbers contained in {Je 6 and should not be used for converting numbers outside of the defined hardness range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process, the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole ‘number in accordance with Practice | X6.1.1 From Rockwell A hardness 10 Rockwell C hardness: HRC = ~ 9.981485 +01 + 1.981376-+00(HRA) RE = 1.0000 (x61) X6.1.2 From Rockwell 1SN hardness to Rockwell C hard. ness: HRB ~ = 1.299986-+02 ~ 7.66860E-+0X(4BS) * RP = 09999 es.) HRC = ~ | 16608-+02 ~ 1.956928 -+00,HRISN) = 10000 (x62) X6.1.3 From Rockwell 30N hardness to Rockwell C hard- ness: HRC = 1.0000 63) X6.14 From Rockwell 45N hardness to Rockwell € hard- ness: Z79663E-+01 + 1.147520 0OLHRION) HRC R= 1.0000 x64) X6.1.5 From Rockwell A hardness to Rockwell B hardness: 15782 +00 + 8.783625 -O1(HRASN) 8Ay © 140-07 5.160248 +00 + 1 71080E-+00(41R) 1.0000 (X65) X6.1.6 From Rockwell F hardness to Rockwell B hardness: HRB = ~ 679918E+01 + 147539E+00(HRE) RE = 0.9999) (x66) X6.1.7 From Rockwell 1ST hardness to Rockwell B hard- RB = 17089602 1.0000 2.69028 -O0/HRIST) (x07) X6.1,8 From Rockwell 307 hardness to Rockwell B haed- HR = 1 S6777B+01 + 1.438186-+00\HR30T) 0000 x68) X6.L.9 From Rockwell 45T hardness to Rockwell B hard- ness 1X7. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR COPPER, NOS, 102'TO 142 INCLUSIVE, (DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO VICKERS HARDNESS NUMBERS) X71 The following equations were generated from the specific hardness numbers contained in Ta)e and should not be used for converting numbers outside of the defined hardness range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in tho conversion process, the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole ‘number in accordance with Practice (32), X7.1.1 From Vickers hardness (100-gf force) to Vickers hardness (I-kgf force) HV [= ~ 1.940666: +01 + 1176248 +00(HV y_) RE = 0.9399) oo. X7.1.2 From Knoop hardness (I-kef force) 10 Vickers hardness (I-kgf force): HV [= + L1858E+01 + 6.42195E-O1(HK rn) 1.S0709E-ONHK jo)" RE = 0.9999) «x7. X7.1.3 From Knoop hardness (500 gf force) to Vickers hhavdness (I-kgf Force): HV 1 = + 4.082498 +00 + 7.73167E-O1(HK sa) + 1.2P866E-O:(UK ga = 09998, wr X7.1.4 From Rockwell IST hardness to Vickers hardness (l-kgf force) for 0.010-in. (0.25-mm) strip: (BV 1) | = + 3379186-01 ~ 1.1SS00E~D21HRIST) + 140059 D4RISTY ~ 5.38157E-O7(HRISTY! R? = 0.9997 oa X7.L5 From Rockwell 1ST hardness to Vickers hardness (-kaf force) for 0,020-in, (0.51-mm) step: (HV 1)" = + 1.250382-01 ~ 3.507478 -OMHRIST) 4.541508— Os(HRIST? — 1.98661E-07(HRIST) RE = 09997 «x75 X7.1.6 From Rockwell B hardness to Vickers hardness (1- kgf force) for 0,040-in. (1,02-mm) and greater strip: + 1.498818 —02 ~ 1.393268—Os1HRB) + 8.82686E— 6.30198E-05(HB) Ty HRB = + 3.088906-+01 + 9.843216-o1(tRAST) RP = 1.0000 (x69) RE = 0.9999) x76) X7.1.7 From Rockwell F hardness to Vickers hardness (1- kgf force) for 0.040-in. (1.02-mm) and greater strip: (HV 1) = + 403378E~02 ~ 7.1221KE-ONHRF) + 6.469228— DoHREY — 2.649821.—080HRE)" RE = 09998 x7) X7.1.8 From Rockwell I5T hardness to Vickers hardness (1-Kgf force) for 0.040-in. (1.02-mmm) and greater strip: (HV 1) | = + 6.91162~02 ~ | 80938e-09(HIRIST) + 2.421428— Os(HRIST}* ~ 1.21657E-O7HRIST)* 09995 ors) X7.1.9 From Rockwell 30T hardness to Vickers harness (I-Kgf foree) for 0.040-in. (1.02-mm) and greater strip: wav 208102 = 2.790298 -04(HR30T) + 1. 8SR33E— (O6(HR30}? — 9.41015E~O>(4RGOT)? RE = 0.9909) ox79) X7.1.10 From Rockwell 4ST hardness to Vickers hardness (I-kgf force) for 0.040-in. (1.02-mm) and greater strip: (HV 1"! = + 133602802 ~ 1.169368 ~044ERAST) ~ 2.02801E— o7(HRasT) = 4.402688—o0(HRAST)* R' = 0.9995 07.10) X7.1.11 From Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter steel ball, '500-kgf force) to Vickers hardness (I-kgf force) for 0.080- in, (2.03-mm) step: HV 1 = + 2.776038 + 01 + 8,62358E-01(HBS ID/SOW/I5) 3 66858E—08(H185 10/50/15)? RE 0.9999 ory X7.1.12 From Brinell hardness (2-mm diameter steel ball, 20-kgf forve) to Vickers hardness (I-kgf force) for 0.040 in, (1.02-mm) stip: HV 1 =~ 101087E+00 + 8352 FOES 2/20/15) — ni)‘Sermons ten an Aly & 140-07 X8, HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUA’ ONS. FOR ALLOYED WHITE IRON (DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO VICKERS HARDNESS NUMBERS) X8.1 The following equations were generated from the specific hardness numbers contained in'lh/e S and should not be used for converting numbers outside of the defined hardness range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process, the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole umber in accordance with Practice I! X8.1.1 From Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter tungsten HV 50 @ 2061008501 + 1.13635E-FO0UTBW) 1.0000 xa.) X8.1,2 From Rockwell C hardness t0 Vickers hardne (50-kef forcey HY 5= + S227S3E-+02 ~ 1,719966-+01(HRC) 3.338038—01(HRC]? R? = 09991 (x82) X9, HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR WROUGHT ALUMINUM PRODUCTS (DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO BRINELL HARDNESS NUMBERS) carbide ball, 3000-kgf force) to Vickers hardness (50-kgf force) X9.1_ The following equations were generated from the specific hardness numbers contained in Ts) 9 and should not be used for converting numbers outside of the defined hardness, range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion proce the converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole umber in accordance with Practice / X9.1.1 From Vickers hardness (15-kgf force) to Brinell hhardness (10-mm diameter stcc! ball, 500-kgF force): HIBS 10/S00/15 = + 3.762116-+00 + 8.252686 omy 13), RE = 1.0000 0x9.) X9.1.2 From Rockwell B hardness to Brinell hardness (10- ‘mm diameter stee! ball, 500-kuf force): (ups tosooyis)"* = + 2,09251E-02 ~ 3.13747e-O4HIRB) + 3.247208-06(HRB)' = 1.71476E-08(HRB)? BP = 09998 1x02) X9.1.3 From Rockwell E hardness to Brinell hardness (10- mm diameter steel ball, 500-kef foree): (HBS LO/S0O/1S)"" = + 691185802 ~ 1 S7R73E-OMHRE) + [669918 05(HRE)” ~ 6.901955~08(HRE)* (93) X9.14 From Rockwell H hardness to Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter steel ball, 500-kgf force): (HBS 101500115)" = + 400860601 ~ 1,066155-02(HRE) = 1.025258 -04(HRH)* ~ 3.402425-07(HRH)! RE =o9005 (x94) X9.1.5 From Rockwell 1ST hardness to Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter steel ball, 500-kgf force: (HBS Lo/s0UNIS)! = +3.381658-01 ~ 1.161975-02(ERIST) + 1LA477RE—O4(HRIST? ~ 626187E-O71HRIST)* RE = 09988, (x95) X9.1,6 From Rockwell 30T hardness to Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter stee! ball, 500-kgf force: (HBS 10/500/13}-" = + 4.686108-02 — 1.249648-03(FR307) = 1.435258 ~05(HR3OT}? ~ 6:71417E~OS(HR3OT} RE = 09906 096) X9.1.7 From Rockwell 15W hardness to Brinell hardness (10-mm diameter steel ball, 500-kaf force) (HBS 10/500115) = ~ 7.101278 +03 2.712678 +02(HRISW) — 2.462136-+00/HRISW)? + 1A85S1E-02(HRISW)* RE = 09905 07) X10, EFFECT OF STRAIN HARDENING ON HARDNESS CONVERSION RELATIONSHIPS X10. For ferrous and nonferrous metals softer than 240 HB, a single set of hardness conversion relationships inevitably introduces large errors because of the wide difference that may exist in the amount of cold working before testing, as well as the amount that occuts during the test itself. This dependence on strain-hardening characteristics can be demonstrated by the Rockwell scales 15-T, 30-T, 45-T, F, and B. in which forces ranging from 15 to 100 kgf are applied on a Yirin. (1.588-mm) diameter bal indenter. As higher forces are used, the increased strain raises the hardness by an amount that depends on the pretest capacity of the metal for strain hardening. An annealed ” metal of high capacity for strain hardening will harden much ‘more in the test than will a cold-worked metal. For example, an annealed iron and a cold-rolled aluminum alloy may have hhardnesses of 71 and 72 HR 1ST, respectively. The hardnesses are 31 HRB for the soft annealed iron and 7 HRB for the cold-rolled aluminum alloy. X10.2._ On the other hand, if materials have Brinell or Rockwell hardness values that are approximately equal in the annealed state as well as afler heavy cold deformation, these ‘materials will have similar hardness conversion relationships(Gly © 140-07 for all degrees of sirain hardening. This is true of yellow borasses and low-carbon steels and irons. The limiting condi- tions can usually be identified by the appearance of the hardness indentations themselves. Soft annealed metals have characteristic” sinking” type indentation contours when indent= cers of the ball type are used. On the other hand, heavily cold-worked metals have sharp “ridging” type indentations, While annealed metals are boing progressively cold worked, the indentation contours pass through a “flat” stage in which the lip of the indentation is neither round nor sharply ridged. It is necessary to base hardness conversions on comparative tests of similar materials that also have very similar mechar properties, SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee E28 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue E.10s-05¢" that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Jan. 1, 2007) (1) Nowe 1 was added, (2) Reference to Nove | was added to ASTI iteraonl takes ro post respecting the vay of any patnt rohsassanca w conmecvon with any am mented ins stan, Users of ts sara are oxprssyaohnad fat Starman of the vey of ey such pater nitrate oe of tingoment of cach ight, are antely to own respons Tis stands utc fo vein at ay tre by th reseonsisfahrica commit and must bo reviewed every th years ns {not revised enor receoroved or nt-anra You commons are ved eer for rwsion of tanaka tava ‘and shoul be aressed t ASTM Incmatenal Haaser. Your omer il cee cat Gone drston a ee of ‘esponsbl tecnica! commie, wtih you may sten. you Tet hat our comments have at reed a fa Been yo oe ‘nate your wews krcwn the ASTM Cerymue on Sardar, 2 the address shonn blow. Ts stand is copyrighted by ASTM vemanera 100 sr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19420-2952, nd Stats ndiual repent (ingle or mula cools) of te standard may bo obfalied by caning ASTM a he above addces or at 610.822.9565 iphone), 10-692:2555 (i), (eat or. ‘" senvcowasin oxy (emai e” tveugy te ASTM abet 2