SKM Steels Ltd

5.5 Surface Defects

Defect Name : Edge Burst (HR Defect)

Definition : These are serrated edges of hot rolled coil.

Defect Name : Coil Break Mark (HR Defect)

Definition : It is width-wise break lines commonly observed in Low Strength material at time of
processing.

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Defect Name : Rubbing Mark (HR Defect)
Definition : Rubbing mark or coil slip mark is a defect generated due to the rubbing action between the
consecutive wraps of coil. It appears bright and is easily visible.

Length

Defect Name : Lamination (HR Defect)

Definition : Lamination or peel off is caused due to non-metallic inclusion getting entrapped on slab
surface which gets dislodged during rolling.

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Defect Name : Sliver (HR Defect)
Definition : Sliver is caused due to slab surface defects like non-metallic inclusions, mould powder
entrapments getting open in subsequent hot or cold rolling.

Defect Name : Gouge Mark (HR Defect)

Definition : Observed in rolling direction. Some marks has depth and few appears only as surface
pattern, typically long.

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Defect Name : Fold Mark (HR Defect)
Definition : Fold mark generates by folding of strip which take place due to improper tension on strip
during rolling.

Defect Name : Black Boat Scale (HR Defect)

Definition : Black boat scale is un-removed primary and secondary scale which gets rolled on coil
surface along the rolling direction.

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Defect Name : Salt and Pepper Scale (HR Defect)
Definition : Salt and pepper scale is an attribute of worn out work roll of rolling stand.

Defect Name : High Temperature Scale (HR Defect)

Definition : Typically observed in V, W or M pattern on sheet surface. Impressions of worn out work roll
of stands gets embedded for formation of these type of defect.

Width

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Defect Name : Banded Scale (HR Defect)
Definition : It is a type of Rolled-in-Scale visible in V pattern.

Defect Name : Lump Mark (HR Defect)

Definition : Roll chip-off gives rise to lump mark on hot rolled coil surface. It is observed in pitch as per
diameter of roll.

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Defect Name : Lamination (CRCA Defect)
Definition : Lamination or peel off is caused due to non-metallic inclusion getting entrapped on slab
surface which gets dislodged during rolling.

Defect Name : MN Patch (CRCA Defect)

Definition : This type of patch has only boundaries and appears in yellow or brown color. It starts from
one edge of sheet due to eye vertical coil position.

Width

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Defect Name : Coolant Mark (CRCA Defect)
Definition : These are coolant drops rolled on cold rolled sheet surface.

Length

Defect Name : Emulsion Patch (CRCA Defect)

Definition : These are cracked emulsion residues on sheet surface. Observed in random distribution
over sheet surface and forms irregular shaped areas of dark discoloration.

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Defect Name : CC Patch (CRCA Defect)
Definition : Patches with dark brown to black in appearance. Here, with the map there is a blackish
substance within map. These are post annealing patch.

Defect Name : Sticker (CRCA Defect)

Definition : These are strained curved lines occurs as a result of inter lap sticking after batch
annealing. Mostly occur at middle of coil during unwinding.

Length

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Defect Name : Scum (CRCA Defect)
Definition : Defect appears in slightly inclined to rolling direction and scattered along the width. Gives
softer feeling to nails as it is a polyurethane material of damaged roll.

Defect Name : Alkali Patch (CRCA Defect)

Definition : It is a white color patch observed at strip edge. This patch is generated at ECL due to
improper rinsing and squeezing process.

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Defect Name : Zinc Run (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : Zinc run is the defect caused by improper wiping of excessive zinc after coil surface
passed through zinc bath

Defect Name : Sag Lines (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : Sag lines are the appearance defect of coated surface. Heavy coatings produced using a
slow line speed may suffer from a line defect referred to as sag-lines.

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Defect Name : Nozzle Streak (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : This is the defects of galvanized in which Lines of Zinc over-coating appears as streaks.
Appearance of this defect is dull finish from rest surface.

Defect Name : Dross (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten Zinc bath or dispersed in the metal.

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Defect Name : Pot Roll Mark (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : Pot roll mark is the defect originated from a dross formation. When this dross growth takes
place on pot rolls, this created pot roll marks.

Defect Name : Lamination (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : It is surface defect on galvanised steel surface which has elongated metal flap and some
entrapped material below it. Flap is oriented in rolling direction.

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Defect Name : Pin Prick (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : The cold-rolled feed can be contaminated by a substance that prevents surface to get wet
during the hot dip. The strip surface becomes oxidized prior to entering the molten zinc pot
prevents coating.

Defect Name : Edge over coating (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : It is a build-up of extra coating at both the edges.

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Defect Name : Uncoated (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : This is the defects of galvanized in which few surface areas don't undergo coating.
Appearance of this defect is as blackish spot.

Defect Name : Hole (Galvanised Defect)

Definition : High severity lamination, slivers or casting blowholes gets opened during further rolling to
form holes.

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