This is project on briquette industry

Briquette
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search

Some charcoal briquettes

A briquette (French: [bʁikɛt]; also spelled briquet) is a compressed block of coal dust[1] or
other combustible biomass material (e.g. charcoal, sawdust, wood chips,[2] peat, or paper) used
for fuel and kindling to start a fire. The term derives from the French word brique, meaning brick.

Contents

 1Coal briquettes
 2Charcoal briquettes
 3East-Asian briquettes
 4Use in China
 5Peat briquettes
 6Biomass briquettes
 7Paper briquettes
o 7.1Environmental impact
 8Safety
 9See also
 10References
 11External links

Coal briquettes[edit]
Coal briquette

Coal briquette

Coal briquettes have long been produced as a means of using up 'small coal', the finely broken coal
inevitably produced during the mining process. Otherwise this is difficult to burn as it is both hard to
arrange adequate airflow through a fire of these small pieces, also it tended to be drawn up and out
of the chimney by the draught, giving visible black smoke.
The first briquettes were known as culm and were hand-moulded with a little wet clay as a binder.
These could be difficult to burn efficiently, as the unburned clay produced a large ash content,
blocking airflow through a grate.
With Victorian developments in engineering, particularly the hydraulic press, it became possible to
produce machine-made briquettes with minimal binder content. A tar or pitch binder was used,
obtained first from gas making and later from petrochemical sources. These binders burned away
completely, making it a low-ash fuel. A proprietary brand of briquettes from the South Wales
coalfield was Phurnacite, developed by Idris Jones for Powell Duffryn.[3][4] These were intended to
emulate a high-quality anthracite coal, such as that from the Cynheidre measures. This involved
blending a mixture of coals from different grades and colliery sources. Phurnacite used the following
mix:[4]

 Bituminous coal, 25%

 Steam coal, 45%
 Dry steam coal, 22%
 Pitch, 8%
Early briquettes were large and brick-shaped. They could be stacked, or even built into walls.
The Antarctic expeditions of both Shackleton and Scott took large quantities of these briquettes with
them and used them to build pony stables. As the ponies were eaten, as planned, for food, the
stables could be dismantled and used for fuel.[4] Phurnacite briquettes later adopted a squared oval
shape. This regular shape packed well as a good firebed, with plentiful airflow. They are also easy to
mechanically feed, allowing the development of automatically controlled heating boilers that could
run for days without human intervention.

Charcoal briquettes[edit]

Burning Ogatan

Charcoal briquettes sold for cooking food can include:[5][6]

 Wood charcoal (fuel)

 Lignite coal (fuel)
 Anthracite coal (fuel)
 Limestone (ash colourant)
 Starch (binder)
 Borax (release agent)
 Sodium nitrate (accelerant)
 Sawdust
 Wax (some brands: binder, accelerant, ignition facilitator).
 Chaff (rice chaff and peanut chaff)
Some briquettes are compressed and dried brown coal extruded into hard blocks. This is a common
technique for low rank coals. They are typically dried to 12-18% moisture, and are primarily used in
household and industry.

East-Asian briquettes[edit]
Home made charcoal briquettes (called tadon) were found after charcoal production in Japanese
history. In the Edo period, polysaccharide extracted from red algae was widely used as a binder.
After the imports of steam engines in the Meiji period, coal and clay became major ingredients of
Japanese briquettes. These briquettes, rentan and mametan, were exported to China and Korea.
Today, coal briquettes are avoided for their sulfur oxide emission. Charcoal briquettes are still used
for traditional or outdoor cooking. Woody flakes such as sawdust or coffee dust are major
ingredients of modern mass-consumed briquettes (e.g., Ogatan).

Quick grill briquette

 

Yeontan, Korean coal briquette

Mametan, Japanese coal briquettes

Ogatan, Japanese charcoal briquettes made from sawdust

Solid type Ogatan

High calo tan, made from coffee dust

 

Tadon and shichirin

Use in China[edit]

Fuel briquettes, called mei (coal 煤), sold throughout China

Throughout China, cylindrical briquettes, called "fēng wō méi" (beehive coal 蜂窩煤 / 蜂窝煤)
or "Mei" (coal 煤) or "liàn tàn" (kneaded coal 練炭 / 练炭), are used in purpose-built cookers.

The origin of "Mei" is "Rentan" (kneaded coal 練炭) of Japan. Rentan was invented in Japan in the
19th century, and spread to Manchukuo, Korea and China in the first half of the 20th century. There
were many Rentan factories in Manchukuo and Pyongyang. Although Rentan went out of use in
Japan after the 1970s, it is still popular in China and Vietnam ("than" coal).
The cookers are simple, ceramic vessels with metal exteriors. Two types are made: the single, or
triple briquette type, the latter holding the briquettes together side by side. These cookers can
accommodate a double stack of cylinders. A small fire of tinder is started, upon which the cylinder(s)
is placed. When a cylinder is spent, another cylinder is placed on top using special tongs, with the
one below igniting it. The fire can be maintained by swapping spent cylinders for fresh ones, and
retaining a still-glowing spent cylinder.
Each cylinder lasts for over an hour. These cookers are used to cook, or simmer, pots of tea, eggs,
soups, stews, etc. The cylinders are delivered, usually by cart, to businesses, and are very
inexpensive.

Peat briquettes[edit]
Peat block

In Ireland, peat briquettes are a common type of solid fuel, largely replacing sods of raw peat as a
domestic fuel. These briquettes consist of shredded peat, compressed to form a virtually smokeless,
slow-burning, easily stored and transported fuel. Although often used as the sole fuel for a fire, they
are also used to quickly and easily light a coal fire.

Biomass briquettes[edit]

Straw or hay briquettes

Biomass briquette

Main article: Biomass briquettes

Biomass briquettes are made from agricultural waste and are a replacement for fossil fuels such as
oil or coal, and can be used to heat boilers in manufacturing plants, and also have applications
in developing countries. Biomass briquettes are a technically renewable source of energy and
produce less carbon emissions than traditional coal briquettes.[clarification needed]
A number of companies in India have switched from furnace oil to biomass briquettes to save costs
on boiler fuels. The use of biomass briquettes is predominant in the southern parts of India, where
coal and furnace oil are being replaced by biomass briquettes. A number of units
in Maharashtra (India) are also using biomass briquettes as boiler fuel. Use of biomass briquettes
can earn Carbon Credits for reducing emissions in the atmosphere. Lanxess India and a few other
large companies are supposedly using biomass briquettes for earning Carbon Credits by switching
their boiler fuel. Biomass briquettes also provide more calorific value/kg and save around 30-40
percent of boiler fuel costs.
A popular biomass briquette emerging in developed countries takes a waste produce such as
sawdust, compresses it and then extrudes it to make a reconstituted log that can replace firewood. It
is a similar process to forming a wood pellet but on a larger scale. There are no binders involved in
this process. The natural lignin in the wood binds the particles of wood together to form a solid.
Burning a wood briquette is far more efficient than burning firewood. Moisture content of a briquette
can be as low as 4%, whereas green firewood may be as high as 65%.
For example, parameters of fuel briquettes made by extrusion from sawdust in Ukraine:

Parameter Value

Briquette density, t/m³ 1.0-1.2

Heat content, MJ/kg 19.3-20.5

Ash content, % 0.5-1.5

(MJ = Megajoules. 3.6 MJ equals 1 kWh.)

The extrusion production technology of briquettes is the process of extrusion screw wastes (straw,
sunflower husks, buckwheat, etc.) or finely shredded wood waste (sawdust) under high pressure
when heated from 160 to 350 °C (320 to 662 °F). As shown in the table above the quality of such
briquets, especially heat content, is much higher comparing with other methods like using piston
presses.
Sawdust briquettes have developed over time with two distinct types: those with holes through the
centre, and those that are solid. Both types are classified as briquettes but are formed using different
techniques. A solid briquette is manufactured using a piston press that compresses sandwiched
layers of sawdust together. Briquettes with a hole are produced with a screw press. The hole is from
the screw thread passing through the centre, but it also increases the surface area of the log and
aids efficient combustion.

Paper briquettes[edit]
Paper briquettes are the byproduct of a briquettor, which compresses shredded paper material into a
small cylindrical form. Briquettors are often sold as add-on systems to existing disintegrator or rotary
knife mill shredding systems. The NSA has a maximum particle size regulation for shredded paper
material that is passed through a disintegrator or rotary knife mill, which typically does not exceed
3 mm (1⁄8 inch) square.[7] This means that material exiting a disintegrator is the appropriate size for
compression into paper briquettes, as opposed to strip-cut shredders which produce long sheets of
paper.
After being processed through the disintegrator, paper particles are typically passed through an air
system to remove dust and unwanted magnetic materials before being sent into the briquettor. The
air system may also be responsible for regulating moisture content in the waste particles, as
briquetting works optimally within a certain range of moisture. Studies have shown that the optimal
moisture percentage for shredded particles is 18% for paper and 22% for wheat straw.[8]
Environmental impact[edit]
Briquetted paper has many notable benefits, many of which minimize the impact of the paper waste
generated by a shredding system. Several manufactures claim up to 90% volume reduction of
briquetted paper waste versus traditional shredding. Decreasing the volume of shredded waste
allows it to be transported and stored more efficiently, reducing the cost and fuel required in the
disposal process.
In addition to the cost savings associated with reducing the volume of waste, paper briquettes are
more useful in paper mills to create recycled paper than uncompressed shredded material.
Compressed briquettes can also be used as a fuel for starting fires or as an insulating material.

Safety[edit]
Charcoal burners should not be used in enclosed environments to heat homes, as Carbon monoxide
poisoning can be fatal.[9]

See also[edit]
 Biomass Cook Stoves
 Energy in Victoria
 Wood briquette

References[edit]
1. ^ "briquette, n. 2.". Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). 2009.
2. ^ "briquette". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Language (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2011. Retrieved 15
March 2015.
3. ^ James, Mary Auronwy (7 June 2012). "Jones, Walter Idris (1900-
1971), Director General of Research Development for the National
Coal Board (NCB)". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of
Wales. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c "The Phurnacite plant, the briquette". Aberdare
Online.
5. ^ Joe O'Connell. Kingsford Brand Charcoal Ingredients. California
Barbecue Association website. Retrieved 11 May 2007.
6. ^ All About Charcoal. virtualweberbullet.com. Retrieved May 11, 2007.
7. ^ "NSA Standards for Disintegrators" (PDF). Archived from the
original (PDF) on 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
8. ^ Physical properties of briquettes from waste paper and wheat straw
mixtures [1]
9. ^ "Man died from carbon monoxide poisoning after using 'heat beads'
in Greystanes home". The Sydney Morning Herald.
 External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Briquettes.

Wikisource has the text of

the 1911 Encyclopædia
Britannica article Briquette.

 Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes

 How charcoal briquettes are made.
 Holey Briquette Gassifier Stove Development, Richard Stanley,
Kobus Venter 14 August 2003 on BioEnergy Lists.
 Briquetting: An Answer to Desertification, Health Problems,
Unemployment and Reforestation in Developing Communities -
summary of 2003 seminar.
Categories:
 Appropriate technology
 Solid fuels
Navigation menu
 Not logged in
 Talk
 Contributions
 Create account
 Log in
 Article
 Talk
 Read
 Edit
 View history
Search
Search Go

 Main page
 Contents
 Featured content
 Current events
 Random article
 Donate to Wikipedia
 Wikipedia store
Interaction
 Help
 About Wikipedia
 Community portal
 Recent changes
 Contact page
Tools
 What links here
 Related changes
 Upload file
 Special pages
 Permanent link
 Page information
 Wikidata item
 Cite this page
In other projects
 Wikimedia Commons
Print/export
 Download as PDF
 Printable version
Languages
 ‫العربية‬
 Deutsch
 Español
 ‫فارسی‬
 Français
 Bahasa Indonesia
 日本語
 Português
 Русский
13 more
Edit links
 This page was last edited on 18 November 2019, at 10:39 (UTC).
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional
terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit
organization.
 Privacy policy

 About Wikipedia

 Disclaimers

 Contact Wikipedia

 Developers

 Statistics

 Cookie statement

 Mobile view


