Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the relationship between exposure on social

media and physical education students’ performance. The study sought to
answer the following questions:

1. What is the extent on social media exposure of physical education

students?
2. What is the level of performance in physical activities of physical
education students?
3. Is there a significant relationship between social media exposure and
performance in physical activity?

Review of Related Literature

This reviewed some of the numerous works done by the scholars and
researchers which are directly related to this study which about exposure to
social media and performance in physical activities of physical education
students. This literature will help us to examined and reviewed about extent of
social media, level of performance in physical activity and relationship between
social media and physical activity.

Extent of Exposure to Social Media

There are studies showed about the extent use of social media. According
to Habes et al. (2018) studied the social networks that the students are heavily
involved in and the effects on their academic performance on which comparative
and experimental approach was used which reported that a large number of
students in universities are addicted to the social media, specifically Facebook
and there is a high participation in social networks that make students lose focus
on academic tasks and negatively affect their academic results.
However, Giri et al. (2018) conducted that determined the factors of social
networking sites that had an impact on the college students, and the prime
findings of the study showed that most of the factors identified brought social
networking sites has positive development among the students.
 Another study from Gok (2016) examined about the positive and negative
effects of social networking sites on female and male students’ studying and
habits which use descriptive survey which resulted that the usage of social
networking sites has negative impacts on students’ studying, performance, and
habit it is also indicated that the majority of the students spend more time on
social media instead of studying academic courses.
In a study of Boateng & Amankwaa (2016) conducted a study to examine
and assess the impact social media has on teaching and learning in higher
education, they had use qualitative approach which reveals that the social media
is widely used by students of higher institution.
According to Woude (2015) examined the study habits of the students were
being affected and it was caused of distraction for the students with the use of
descriptive survey research which the students admitted that if they not were
able to open those sites their performance would be better in their classes, they
spend more time checking these sites instead of studying especially college
students use a variety of social websites form Facebook and Twitter to Pinterest
and Instagram, admitting that they use social media sites as distraction,
students can see how it affects their studying habits.

Performance of Physical Education Students

There are some study showed about the level of performance in physical
activity of physical education like Zhang et al. (2018) examined about the
effectiveness of efitbuddy, a smart phone app on increasing physical activity
participation, enjoyment, and self- efficacy in young adults they used descriptive
survey which results reported that efitbuddy has no influence on young adults’
physical activity through a short period of time usage, and these results are
consistent with previous studies investigating the relationship between
smartphone apps of health and fitness and physical activity behaviors.
In a study of Kolan (2018) determined the level of exposure of students of
University of Ghana to social media sites and the use of social media has
influenced the academic work of students, he used descriptive survey which
resulted that nature of social media serve as a useful servant but a dangerous
master and a two edge sword has been revealed that, despite the benefits that
students can harness from social media networks such as sharing of
information, building relationship, partaking in group discussions from near and
far among others, there is to some extent addiction and distraction of attention
caused by the use of social media which could have serious consequences on the
academic life of students.
 In Cotabato, a study was made by Kulidtod & Pasagui (2017) that
determined the effects of social networking media to the academic performance
of IMEAS students, they used purposive/ selective sampling and systematic
random sampling which the results showed that the main purpose of the
students in using internet is different for their actual activity whenever they
already assessed the sites.
Med (2013) examined the efficacy of a physical activity intervention that
combined education, physical activity monitoring, and online social networking
to increase social support for physical activity compared to an education only
control, quantitative research was adopted which resulted that participants
experienced increases in social support and physical activity over time but there
were no differences in perceived social support or physical activity between
groups over time.
In Pakistan, a research made by Khalid (2017) understood the difference
between social media and social networking sites which discuss its impact on
students’ academics, physical health, psychological health and security and
privacy issues and it was found that the excessive use of social networks effect
the students’ physical and psychological health.
Relationship between Exposure on Social Media and Physical Education Students’
Performance

Some studies showed that there is a significant relationship between

extent used of social media and level of performance in physical activity.
According to Glestine & Nonyelum (2018) about the study of nature of activities
on social media impacts to students’ academic performance with the use of
descriptive survey which resulted that there is significant relationship between
time spent on social media sites and academic works, it is also revealed that the
nature of social media activities which the student engages in does not have any
significant impact on the student academic performance and it also shows that
the gender of the student has no impact on the usage and activities of social
media.
Ching Nun Hoih (2017) conducted to understand the effects of social media
on the academic performance among students of Don Bosco Higher Secondary
School on which descriptive survey and exploratory method research was used
which resulted social media has been used an innovative way that students
should be taught to use this tool in a better way, in the educational classes’
media just being used for messaging or texting rather than they should learn to
figure out how to use these media for good because social media has increased
the quality and rate of collaboration for students with the help of social media
students can easily communicate or share information quickly.
In a study of Mensah and Nizam (2016) examined about the impact of time
appropriateness on students’ academic performance of social media on time
appropriateness they had used descriptive and explanatory research was
adopted which resulted that social platforms has a significant impact on
students’ academic performance in Malaysia Tertiary Institution, it is because
time management plays an essential role in determining the success or failure
of an individual, thus students who lack time management can easily fall prey
to the negative impact which social media platforms present to its uses.

Like the study of Osharive (2015) examined about the level of student
addictiveness to social media and the influence on their academic performance.
He used descriptive survey research which resulted that though social media
have negative effects on teenager such as lack of privacy, distracting students
from their academic work, taking most their product time and such like but they
have also benefits and can be use appropriately. It is also suggested that lectures
should come up with a plan on how students can maximize the benefits of social
media that school management should incorporate rules and regulations on the
use of the social media.
Another study conducted by Mingle and Adams (2015) on the role of social
network participation plays in the performance of students in Senior High
Schools, results showed that despite the benefits that come with the
participation of students on social media networks, it could impact negatively on
their academic performance if not used properly.
Moreover, Amin et al. (2016) had a research that had a focus of
determining the effect of growing use of social media sites on the academic
performance of the students of universities and colleges, the study gives an
illuminating and confirming information use of these interacting social media
has become the routine habit of student they spend the major part of their time
on these sites for entertainment and also concentrate on their studies.
In addition, Hashem (2015) explored the type of impact that is caused by
social media on the students’ academic performance, why this impact is cause
and how. Quantitative research was utilize which resulted that social media does
not impact school students academic performance in any way because although
they spend hours on social media, they still manage to find time to study, and
achieve good grades.