Scribd
Upload
384 views

Physics Project File Transformer

This document presents a physics project on studying different types of transformers. It describes the components, workings, and efficiency of step-up and step-down transformers. The project includes experiments to measure the input and output voltage and current of different transformer circuits to demonstrate how transformer ratio affects voltage and current levels.

Uploaded by

Vedant Agnihotri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
384 views

Physics Project File Transformer

This document presents a physics project on studying different types of transformers. It describes the components, workings, and efficiency of step-up and step-down transformers. The project includes experiments to measure the input and output voltage and current of different transformer circuits to demonstrate how transformer ratio affects voltage and current levels.

Uploaded by

Vedant Agnihotri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

2019 - 2020

Physics
Project file
Name: Vedant Agnihotri
Class: 12TH -B
Roll no:
Topic: Transformer
Certificate
This is to certify that Vedant Agnihotri ,a
student of class XII-B has successfully
completed the research on study of different
types of transformers the under the guidance
of Mrs Ranee Vaid during the year 2019-20
in partial fulfilment of Physics practical
examination conducted by CBSE Board,
New Delhi.

Signature

Acknowledgement
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many
people have bestowed upon me as their blessing and the
heart pledged support, this time I am utilizing to thank all
the people who have been concerned with project.
I would like to thank my Physics teacher, Mrs Ranee Vaid,
whose valuable guidance has helped me patch this project
and make it full proof success. Her suggestions and
instructions has served as the major contribution. Then, I
would like to thanks my parents and friends, who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance
which have been helpful in the various phases of the
completion of this project.

Index
 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Aim of the project
 Theory
 Material required
 Procedure
 Conclusion
 Precautions
 Bibliography
Objective
The objective of this experiment is to study
the different types of Transformers.
Theory
The transformer is a device used to convert a
low alternating voltage to a high alternating
voltage or vice versa. It is based on the
principal of mutual induction. A transformer
which increases the voltage is called a step up
transformer and which decreases the voltage
is called a step down transformer. When an
alternating e.m.f is supplied to the primary coil,
an alternating current starts flowing in it. The
alternating current produces a changing
magnetic flux, which induces alternating
voltage.

Let,
 Ep and Es are the instantaneous values of the
E.M.F induced in primary and secondary coil.
 Np and Ns are the no. of turns in primary and
secondary coil.
 d / dt = rate of change of flux in each turn.

Therefore,
Ep = - Np (d / sdt) … (1)
Es = - Ns (d / dt) … (2)
If there is no leakage of flux
By dividing Eq (2) by Eq (1), we have
Es / Ep= Ns / Np.…… (3)
If there is no power loss
Pp= Ps
Ep x Ip = Es x Is
Es / Ep = Ip / Is … (4)
Hence,

Step-Up Transformer
Current in secondary coil is weaker when
secondary voltage is higher. Hence, whatever we
gain in voltage, we lose in current in the same
ratio. A step up transformer actually steps down
the current and step up voltage. In this type of
transformer:-

Ns> Np and Es >Ep

Step-Down Transformer
Current in secondary coil is weaker when
secondary voltage is higher. Hence, whatever we
gain in voltage, we lose in current in the same
ratio. A step down transformer actually steps up
the current and step down voltage. In this type of
transformer:-

Ns< Np and Es < Ep

Efficiency
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as
the ratio of output power to the input
power. For an ideal transformer, its value
is 1.
But in practical due to different kind of
energy loss,

Circuit Diagram
Energy Loss

 Copper loss:
It is energy loss in the form of heat in the
copper coils of a transformer. This is due to
joule heating in conducting wires.
 Iron loss:
It is the loss in the form of heat in the iron ore
of transformer. This is due to formation of
eddy current in iron core, it is minimised by
using laminated core.

 Leakage of magnetic flux:


It occur in spite of best insulation. Rate of
change of magnetic flux linked with each turn
of secondary coil is less than rate of change
in magnetic flux linked with each turn of
primary coil.
 Hysteresis Loss:
It is loss of energy due to repeated
magnetization and demagnetization of the
iron core.
Material Required

 Iron

 Copper wire

 Voltmeter

 Ammeter
Procedure
 Step Down Transformer

 Take a thick iron rode and cover it with thick paper


and wind a 100 turns of copper wire on it. This
constitutes primary coil of the transformer.
 Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and
wound 50 turns of copper wire on it. This
constitutes the secondary coil.
 Now measure the input and output voltage of the
transformer.

 Step Up Transformer

 Take a thick iron rode and cover it with thick paper


and wind 50 turns of copper wire on it. This
constitutes primary coil of the transformer.
 Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and
wound 100 turns of copper wire on it. This
constitutes the secondary coil.
 Now measure the input and output voltage of the
transformer.
Conclusion
The output voltage of the transformer
depend the ratio of the no. of turns in
primary coil to no. of turns in secondary
coil.
On increase in no. of turns of primary coil
the current the output current also
increase.

Precautions
 Keep yourself safe from high voltage.
 Minimise the formation of eddy current.
 While taking reading the current and
voltage of the primary coil should remain
constant.
Bibliography
 Help From Internet

 Help From Teacher

 Help From Library

You might also like