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DBMS Lect2

Concurrent Access - Allowing multiple users to access a database at the same time. Data administration - Managing the structure and content of a database. Database - An organized collection of related data stored together in one or more files or tables. Database system - Software that allows users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database. DBA - Database Administrator who is responsible for the design, implementation, and maintenance of the database. Integration - Combining related information from different sources into a unified database. Integrity - Ensuring data is valid, accurate and consistent. Persistent data - Data that remains stored in a database even after the

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44 views

DBMS Lect2

Concurrent Access - Allowing multiple users to access a database at the same time. Data administration - Managing the structure and content of a database. Database - An organized collection of related data stored together in one or more files or tables. Database system - Software that allows users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database. DBA - Database Administrator who is responsible for the design, implementation, and maintenance of the database. Integration - Combining related information from different sources into a unified database. Integrity - Ensuring data is valid, accurate and consistent. Persistent data - Data that remains stored in a database even after the

Uploaded by

Umer Rashid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2

Introduction to RDBMS and


Relational Model - 1

Wednesday, August 29, 2001


Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
Recall: Database Management System (DBMS)
•DBMS is an application, which holds user data permanently and
then provide different operations on this data e.g., retrieval of data,
insertion of data, updation of data etc.
•It is a computerized system whose overall purpose is to maintain
information and to make that information available on demand.

RDBMS is an enhancement to DBMS. It is a system in


which:
The data is perceived by the user as tables; and
The operators (or operations) at the user's disposal include
atleast RESTRICT (SELECT), PROJECT and JOIN.

Relational Database:
A database in which data is perceived as tables
The Relational Model

It is a prescription for a way of representing data by means of


tables and a prescription for a way of manipulating such a
representation using some operators.
It is an abstract theory of data that is based on certain aspects
of mathematics like set theory and predicate logic.
The principles of relational model were originally laid down in
1969-70 by Dr. E.F.Codd.
Terms in Relational Model
Relation
Tuple, Attribute
Cardianlity, Degree
Domain

attributes Employee Relation

ID Name Age Department


S1 Ahmad 23 Sales
S2 Salman 34 Marketing
tuples S3 Karim 21 Sales Cardinality
S4 Tariq 29 Admin
S5 Sadiq 32 Sales

Degree
Important terms and definitions
Scalar values (Atomic)
– at every row and column position in every table there is always
exaclty one data value
Repeating Group
A repeating group is a column, or combination of columns that
contain several data values in each row
ID Name Age Max.Marks Marks

• RDBMS does not allow repeating groups


 Optimazation
a system component that determine how to implement
user requests
 Catalog
set of system tables
Part and Types of Relation
Parts of Relation
– heading
fixed set of attributes
– body
set of tuples
Named Relation
defined in dbms
Base Relation
an autonomous named relation
Derived Relation
a relation consists of part of named relations or base relations
View
a named derived relation with no physical existence
Snapshot
a named derived relation with physical existence
Properties of Relations
There are no duplicate Tuples
Tuples are unordered
Attributes are unordered
All attributes have atomic values
Assignment # 1
Explain the following terms:
Concurrent Access, data administration, database, database
system, DBA, integration, integrity, persistent data, redundancy,
security, sharing, data dictionary, distributed database, DDL,
DML

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