SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,

MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

CHENNAI
◦ A Residence :- is living or dwelling in a certain place permanently or for a
considerable length of time
◦ An apartment building is a multi-unit dwelling made up of several apartments
(US) or flats (UK)
◦ If the building is a high-rise construction, it is termed a tower block(UK)

NEED OF APARTMENTS TYPES OF APARTMENTS

 Scarcity of land. A.According to vertical movement
 Higher land value. 1.Central corridor
2. Point block
 Inconveniency of services like
3. Multi core
water supply in individual level. 4. Exterior corridor system
5. Skid stop system
 Inconveniency of construction
work in individual level. B. According to design
 Security and privacy. 1. Simplex apartments
2. Duplex apartments
 Increase in population. 3.Triplex apartments
 Migration to city. 4.Efficiency apartments

 Trend of parent-child unit eliminating C. According to no. of bedrooms

the extended family concept.  Single  Double  3 bedroom  4 bedroom
CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH RISE APARTMENTS
◦ Two entrances/exits, front and back.
◦ Laundry, water, heating, telephone, cable, electricity facilities common, parking, air conditioner, extra storage, and
garbage disposed in trash containers, provision of fire escape and lifts because of the no. of stories.
◦ Space must be simple and universal for variety of lifestyles.
◦ Balconies for aesthetic purpose, visual extension of living space, outdoor sitting are green area, extra storage space.

AMENITIES & SERVICES PUBLIC FACILITIES

Community facilities
• Telecommunication
• Park and playground
• Multipurpose hall • Security
• Healthcare and recreational spa
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES
 Market and stores  Bank  Entertainment sector

FACTORS AFFECTING HIGH RISE APARTMENTS

◦ Land topography: slope – economics

◦ Available materials/ technology: steel structure
◦ Skilled manpower
◦ Market situation: people to buy, available land
Even though rooms may vary, the following room-type definitions are common:

•Single: A room assigned to one person. May have one or more beds.
•Double: A room assigned to two people. May have one or more beds.
•Triple: A room assigned to three people. May have two or more beds.
•Quad: A room assigned to four people. May have two or more beds.
•Queen: A room with a queen-sized bed. May be occupied by one or more people.
•King: A room with a king-sized bed. May be occupied by one or more people.
•Twin: A room with two beds. May be occupied by one or more people.
•Double-double: A room with two double (or perhaps queen) beds.May be occupied by one or more people.
•Studio: A room with a studio bed – a couch that can be converted into a bed.May also have an additional bed.

Other types of rooms can include:

•Connecting rooms: Rooms with individual entrance doors from the outside
•and a connecting door between. Guests can move between
• rooms without going through the hallway.

•Adjoining rooms: Rooms with a common wall, but no connecting door.

•Adjacent rooms: Rooms close to each other, perhaps across the hall.

BASIC APARTMENT UNIT REQUIREMENTS:

ENTRY
LIVING ROOM
KITCHEN
DINING ROOM
BEDROOM
BATHROOM
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
PRIMARY CONTROLS BUILDING ENVELOPES
BUILDING HEIGHTS
FLOOR SPACE RATIO
BUILDING DEPTH
BUILDING SEPARATION
STREET SETBACKS
SIDE AND REAR SETBACKS
SITE ANALYSIS PROCESS
SITE ANALYSIS PROCESS ORIENTATION
PUBLIC DOMAIN INTERFACE COMMUNAL AND PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
COMMUNAL AND PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
COMMUNAL AND PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS AND ENTRIES
BICYCLE AND CAR PARKING
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
CEILING HEIGHTS
INTERIOR LAYOUTS
PRIVATE OPEN SPACE AND BALCONIES
PRIVATE OPEN SPACE AND BALCONIES
COMMON CIRCULATION AND SPACES
COMMON CIRCULATION AND SPACES
 CORE DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Cores = service cores = risers

• Contains:
– Elevator shafts
– Elevator lobbies
– Main & escape stairways
– Riser-ducts
– Toilets
– Other service rooms
- Elevators =
MAIN vertical circulation system

Minimization of material costs

• Optimization of core geometry
• Minimization of core area
• Minimization of construction time

Benefits of a peripheral core position:

• No fire-fighting pressurization
duct is needed
• Good view out
• Natural ventilation
• Natural sunlight
• A safer building in the event of total power failure
• Solar-buffers & energy savings
Elevator shaft area should be at least 20% greater than
the car platform area
• Guide rails with fixing point s at a maximum of 2.4 m are required
to provide a rigid running surface for the car guides.
CORE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Elevator car sizes & shapes

• Elevator door types & sizes - common widths 1.1 m or 1.2m

• Elevator shafts - are according to car shapes & sizes, and door
sizes. Sufficient air around cars & counterweights should be provided
to minimize buffeting & air-borne noise during operation.
• Elevator core & lobby planning - ‘outward facing’ elevators VS
‘inward facing’ elevators.
NOISE CONTROL
APARTMENT MIX
FAÇADE TREATMENTS
ROOF TREATMENTS
LANDSCAPE DESIGN
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
WATER MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
WASTE MANAGEMENT
FIRE SAFETY DESIGN PRINCIPLES

The width of fire escape staircase shall not be less

than 0.75metre, the width offire escape stairtread shall
not be less than 15 cm, the height of
thefire escape stair riser shall not exceed 19 cm, and
the number of risers shall not exceed 16 per flight of
stairs .
FIRE SAFETY DESIGN PRINCIPLES
FIRE SAFETY DESIGN PRINCIPLES
 SHAFT,VENTS,DUCTS AND PIPELINES
What is OTS in building plan?
Simply- OTS stands for Open to Sky . It
means the area in buiding which is not
covered by concrete. But sometimes it
covered by special kind of Skylight/Net or
something which is not permanent. If we
have special
subcontractor plan drawings ,it might
have some diffrent meaning also.

What is a duct shaft?

Duct Shaft Layout. When sizing duct
shafts, architects must account for
steel supports, duct take-offs,
dampers, and insulation. The
following diagrams provide general
clearances, but consult with an
HVAC engineer for the needs of a
particular system.

What is WTP plant?

Water Treatment Process. Before
arriving at your tap, water is treated
at the Hanahan Water Treatment
Plant to remove sediment, bacteria,
and other impurities. The plant is a
member of the Partnership for Safe
Water and meets or exceeds all
water quality standards.

What is STP?
Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) is a
process, wherein the contaminants
are removed from wastewater as
well as household sewage, to
produce waste stream or solid waste
suitable for discharge or reuse
SHAFT,VENTS,DUCTS AND PIPELINES

How to Design a
Home Plumbing
System
1.Decide where to
place your main
stack. ...
2.Place your
drains and vents.
...
3.Prepare a
rough-in plumbing
diagram. ...
4.Place the hot
water tank in the
design. ...
5.Determine the
paths of the cold
water/hot water
pipe runs. ...
6.Design the final
runs to each
fixture for the
rough-in supply
pipes.
 REQUIREMENTS
APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2
STANDARDS
 PARKING STANDARDS

30 degree 90 degree or parallel

60 degree 45 degree
PARKING STANDARDS

Driveway gates are usually 10 to 12 feet

wide to fit cars, large rideable lawnmowers
and even farm equipment. Larger gates that
are meant to accommodate incoming and
outgoing traffic can be about 18 feet wide.
STAIRCASE STANDARDS
 RAMP STANDARDS
Ramps are sloped pathways used both inside and
outside buildings used to provide access between
vertical levels. The gradient, slope or steepness of
a ramp is the angular relationship between its rise
(vertical height) and its horizontal projection or
length (run), often expressed as a ratio. The slope
can be expressed as a percentage that results from
the ratio between the height to be overcome (h)
and the length of the horizontal plane (d),
multiplied by 100.
Slope expressed as a percentage = (h/d) x 100
ELEVATOR STANDARDS
UTILITY ROOM AND LAUNDRY SPACES

A room equipped with

appliances for washing and other
domestic work minimum

Size for one of these rooms

should be 9 feet wide by 11 feet
long. Bigger is better. The door
leading into the room should be
at least 32 inches wide. Most are
only 30 inches wide.
CORRIDOR AND BALCONY SPACES

CORRIDORS:
Corridor Width. The
minimum corridor width shall be
as determined in Section
1005.1, but not less than 44
inches (1118 mm). The
minimum width of
any hallway/corridor/landing
within a communal area is
1200mm, which may reduce to
1050mm at 'pinch points' (e.g.
due to a structural column) as
long as the reduced width is not
opposite, or adjacent to, a
doorway.

BALCONIES:
Going from 6 to 8 feet will
make it more
comfortable, but any
deeper is mostly only
useful when hosting large
groups. A recent study on
raising children in tall
buildings by the City of
Toronto suggests
minimumdimensions of
2.4 metres
(approximately 8 feet)
deep by 2.7 metres
(approximately 22 feet)
wide.
BASIC BODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS
WINDOWS AND DOORS STANDARDS

Windows and doors

placed on the east or
west can waste twice
as much energy as
those placed to the
north or south. It is
best to orient the
house with the longest
walls facing north and
south. The sill or
bottom height of
the window can vary
within a room and still
look visually correct,
but the head
heights have to be
the same, especially
as windows turn a
corner. ... Make sure
the window head
heights are set to
match the top of
the doorframe, so the
interior trim can align.
WINDOWS AND DOORS STANDARDS
LIVING ROOM STANDARDS
 LIVING ROOM STANDARDS

A space of 12 x 18 ft (about 3.7 x 5.5m) would fit

between 6 and 10 people in a conversation area with
about 5 of the seats facing the TV There's room for 3-
seater sofas in medium sized living
rooms.
KITCHEN STANDARDS

Taking the common size of a kitchen (10% to 15%

of total floor space) this means an
average kitchen in an average home is 240 to 360
square feet. Also, this doesn't include condos or
apartments which have kitchens that are only 100 to
200 square feet on average.
KITCHEN STANDARDS
DINING ROOM STANDARDS
BEDROOM STANDARDS
 BEDROOM STANDARDS

Allow an area of at least 8 by 8 feet in addition to your requirements for the beds,
dressers and chests. You more likely will need an area that is 10 by 10 feet. A
rectangular room that's 21 feet long and 14 feet wide will accommodate
abedroom with a king-size bed and a sitting area.
BATHROOM STANDARDS
BATHROOM STANDARDS

A full bathroom usually

requires a minimum of 36 to
40 square feet. A 5' x 8' is
the most
commondimensions of a
guest bathroom or a
masterbathroom in a small
house. If you happen to
have this standard-sized
small bathroom, there are
two different layouts you
can consider.
Bathrooms are generally
categorized as
"master bathroom",
containing a showerand a
bathtub that is adjoining to
the largest bedroom; a
"full bathroom" (or
"fullbath"), containing four
plumbing fixtures:
a toilet and sink, and either
a bathtub with ashower, or
a bathtub and a
separate shower stall; "half
(1/2) bath"