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Practice Problems

This document provides 15 practice problems related to introductory analog and digital electronics. The problems cover topics such as binary, hexadecimal, BCD, and gray code number conversions; Boolean algebra; logic circuit design; multiplexers; and decoders. Diagrams of logic circuits and components are included. The references provided at the end relate to digital logic, Verilog design, and digital systems principles.

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Sahil Gautam
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104 views

Practice Problems

This document provides 15 practice problems related to introductory analog and digital electronics. The problems cover topics such as binary, hexadecimal, BCD, and gray code number conversions; Boolean algebra; logic circuit design; multiplexers; and decoders. Diagrams of logic circuits and components are included. The references provided at the end relate to digital logic, Verilog design, and digital systems principles.

Uploaded by

Sahil Gautam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ES 104 - Introduction to Analog and Digital Electronics

Practice Problems

April 13, 2018

1. (a) Convert the following binary numbers to their decimal equivalents


i. 011100
ii. 100001
(b) i. (110011.10011)2 = ( )10
ii. (1010101010.1)2 = ( )10
(c) Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to their decimal equivalents:
i. 888.8
ii. EBA.C
(d) Convert the following decimal numbers to their hexadecimal equivalents:
i. 204.125
ii. 255.875
iii. 631.25
iv. 10000.00390625

2. (a) Convert the following 8421 BCD numbers to their decimal equivalents
i. 010101000011
ii. 00110010.10010100
(b) Convert the following decimal numbers to their 8421 BCD equivalents
i. 99.9
ii. 21.001

3. Convert the following Gray code numbers to their straight binary equivalents:

(a) 0100
(b) 11111
(c) 10101
(d) 110011

4. Determine the Boolean function for the output F of the circuit in Fig.1. Obtain equivalent
circuit with fewer NOR gates.

5. Obtain the equivalent AND-OR-NOT logic diagram of Fig.2.

1
Figure 1:

Figure 2:

6. Given the Boolean function: F = xy + xy + yz

(a) Implement it with AND, OR, and NOT gates


(b) Implement it with only OR and NOT gates.
(c) Implement it with only AND and NOT gates.

7. Four large tanks at a chemical plant contain different liquids being heated. Liquid-level sensors
are being used to detect whenever the level in tank A or tank B rises above a predetermined
level. Temperature sensors in tanks C and D detect when the temperature in either of these
tanks drops below a prescribed temperature limit. Assume that the liquid-level sensor outputs
A and B are LOW when the level is satisfactory and HIGH when the level is too high. Also,
the temperature-sensor outputs C and D are LOW when the temperature is satisfactory and
HIGH when the temperature is too low. Design a logic circuit that will detect whenever the
level in tank A or tank B is too high at the same time that the temperature in either tank C
or tank D is too low.

8. Fig.3. shows the intersection of a main highway with a secondary access road. Vehicle-
detection sensors are placed along lanes C and D (main road) and lanes A and B (access
road). These sensor outputs are LOW (0) when no vehicle is present and HIGH (1) when a
vehicle is present. The intersection traffic light is to be controlled according to the following
logic:

(a) The east-west (E-W) traffic light with be green whenever both lanes C and D are occu-
pied.
(b) The E-W light with be green whenever either C or D is occupied but lanes A and B are
not both occupied.
(c) The north-south (N-S) light will be green whenever both lanes A and B are occupied but
C and D are not both occupied.

9. Design a logic circuit that controls an elevator door in a three-story building. The circuit
in Fig.4. has four inputs. M is a logic signal that indicates when the elevator is moving

2
Figure 3:

Figure 4:

(M=1) or stopped (M=0). F1, F2 and F3 are floor indicator signals that are normally LOW,
and they go HIGH only when the elevator is positioned at the level of that particular floor.
For example, when the elevator is lined up level with the second floor, F2=1 and F1=F3=0.
The circuit output is the OPEN signal, which is normally LOW and will go HIGH when the
elevator door is to be opened.

10. Simplify the following Boolean functions to a minimum number of literals.

(a) xyz + xy + xyz


(b) zx + zxy
(c) BD + ABC + ACD + ABC
(d) [(AB)A][(AB)B]

11. It is necessary to multiply two binary numbers, each two bits long, in order to form their
product in binary. Let the two numbers be represented by a1 , a0 and b1 , b0 , where subscript
0 denotes the least significant bit.

(a) Determine the number of output lines required.


(b) Find the simplified Boolean expressions for each output.

12. Show how a full-adder can be converted to a full-subtractor with the addition of one inverter
circuit.

3
Figure 5:

Figure 6:

13. A BCD-to-seven-segment decoder is a combinational circuit that accepts a decimal digit in


BCD and generates the appropriate outputs for selection of segments in a display indica-
tor used for displaying the decimal digit. The seven active-high outputs of the decoder
(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) select the corresponding segments in the display as shown in Fig.5a. The
numeric designation chosen to represent the decimal digit is shown in Fig.5b. Design the
BCD-to-seven-segment decoder circuit.
P
14. Implement f = m(1, 3, 4, 6, 7) using only 3 2:1 Mux.

15. Consider the multiplexer-based circuit illustrated in Fig.6.. Show how the function f =
w2 w3 + w1 w3 + w2 w3 can be implemented using only one instance of this circuit.

References:

• Brown, Stephen D. Fundamentals of digital logic with Verilog design. Tata McGraw-Hill
Education, 3rd edition (Chapter 3, 4 and 5)

• Mano, M. Morris. Digital logic and computer design. Pearson Education India, 2017.

• Tocci, Ronald J. Digital Systems: principles and applications. Pearson Education India, 1980.

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