TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 Aurora Blvd. Cubao, Quezon City

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS IN

ENSE 508
SEWAGE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT DESIGN

EVALUATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT OF BUENA RICH

COMMISSARY CORPORATION IN PROJECT 8, QUEZON CITY

Prepared by:

CASTILLO, MARNELLI O.
JIMENEZ, MEGHAN P.
TEOXON, KRISETTE C.

March 15, 2019

Date Submitted

ENGR. GERARDO DB. ABESTILLA

Instructor
OUTLINE:

I. Project Background
 Introduction
 Company Profile
 Company Vicinity Map
II. Objectives
 General Objectives
 Specific Objectives
III. Design Parameters
IV. Design Standards
V. Wastewater Treatment Process
 Flow diagram
 Treatment Procedures
VI. Evaluation
 Observation
 Problems Encountered
 Effluent Test Results
VII. Conclusion
VIII. Recommendation
IX. Appendix
1. Introduction

1.1 Project Background

This study aims to present a brief overview of the sewage treatment plant (STP) of the
company, Buena Rich Commissary Corporation situated in Congressional Ave, Project
8, Quezon City. The approach to the assessment is to inspect the existing STP,
evaluate the current treatment process, analyze the effluent, identify possible problems,
provide design for the client and propose possible solution to the problem and to
rehabilitate the current facility.

1.2 Company Profile

Today’s fast-paced lifestyle entails the need for a convenient and easier approach to
doing things. We recognize that with all the hustle and bustle going about in our day to
day lives, one thing remains to be true – that we are all seeking for the perfect dining
experience that will leave our palates satisfied. However, feasting on a delectable and
tasty meal need not be expensive and complicated. In order to address this concern, a
group of competent individuals established BUENA RICH COMMISSARY
CORPORATION in April of 2002 at Kamias Extension, Diliman, Quezon City. A simpler,
affordable and efficient way of serving appetizing meals of excellent quality can now be
attained. With a working space of 200 square meters, the commissary is equipped with
the latest and modern facilities in food production, accompanied by highly-trained
employees. We cater raw marinated and freshly cooked foods that are in accordance
with the client’s preference.

Figure 1-1: Buena Rich Commissary Corporation Office

 VISION

To be one of the major players in food distribution for restaurants, food chains
and retailers.

MISSION

To become a key player in the food industry we will utilize modern equipment, up
to date systems, and provide our staff with excellent training methods. This in
turn will enable us to respond swiftly to our client’s needs and offer products of
superior quality through an atmosphere of productivity and efficiency.

1.3 Vicinity Map

Figure 1-2: Location of the Buena Rich Commissary Corporation

2. Objectives of the Study

2.1 General Objectives

To rehabilitate the current sewage treatment facility of the client, recommend

a possible solution for the problems encountered and to propose a design
that is suitable for food processing waste water treatment and the effluent
discharge shall conform with the standards set by the DENR Administrative
Order No. 2016 – 08 also known as Water Quality Guidelines and General
Effluent Standards of 2016.

2.2 Specific Objectives

i. To evaluate the existing sewage treatment plant of the Buena Rich

Commissary Corporation including its current treatment processes
ii. To Identify the characteristics of the untreated wastewater
iii. To identify existing problems regarding the effluent quality

3. Design Parameters

The values stated in the table below are given by the client and used as basis for the
design.
Table 3-1: Influent Parameters given by the client
INFLUENT PARAMETERS INFLUENT VALUE GIVEN STANDARD VALUE
BY THE CLIENT
Color (PCU) 235 150
Total suspended solid (mg/L) 390 100
pH 6.8 6.0-9.5
BOD (mg/L) 1050 50
COD (mg/L) 652 100
Oil and Grease (mg/L) 12 5
Nitrate 50 14

Table 3-2: Projected Water Consumption

Projected Water Consumption Qty. CMD
Process water 20
Washing / maintenance 30
Total Estimated Water Consumption 50
The laboratory analyses result of wastewater effluent parameters taken from the
existing WWTF of the client were not incompliant with the standard of the law. Hence a
more effective waste water treatment facility is needed to be installed. Refer to
Appendix for photo of the test analysis report.

4. Design Standards

The quality of wastewater discharge from wastewater treatment facility shall be in

compliant with the standards set by Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Administrative Order No. 2016-08 Class C Fresh Waters. The required effluent
parameters are listed below.

PARAMETER STANDARD VALUE

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 50 mg/L
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 50 mg/L
Boron 100 mg/L
Chloride 3 mg/L
COD 450 mg/L
Color (TCU) 100 mg/L
Cyanide as Free Cyanide 150
Fluoride 0.2 mg/L
Nitrate as NO3-N 14
Ph (Range) 6.0-9.5
Phosphate 1 mg/L
Selenium 0.04 mg/L
Sulfate 550 mg/L
Surfactants (MBAS) 15 mg/L
Temperature (h) change 3ºC
Total Suspended Solids 100 mg/L
Oil and Grease 5 mg/L
Table 3-3: Effluent Standards based on DAO No. 2-16-08

4.1 Applicable Environmental Laws

For a sewage treatment facility to work, standards set must be complied with. The
following are the regulations that govern the sewage treatment and disposal in the
Philippines:
4.1.1.1 R.A. 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004)

Chapter 2 – Water Quality Management System, Sec. 8 Domestic Sewage

Collection, Treatment and Disposal.

Within five (5) years following the effectivity of this Act, the Agency vested to provide
water supply and sewerage facilities and/or concessionaires in Metro Manila and
other highly urbanized cities (HUCs) as defined in Republic Act No. 7160, in
coordination with LGUs, shall be required to connect the existing sewage line found
in all subdivisions, condominiums, commercial centers, hotels, sports and
recreational facilities, hospitals, market places, public buildings, industrial complex
and other similar establishments including households to available sewerage
system. Provided, that the said connection shall be subject to sewerage services
charge/fees in accordance with existing laws, rules or regulations unless the sources
had already utilized their own sewerage system: Provided, further, that all sources of
sewage and septage shall comply with the requirements herein.

4.1.2 Sewage Disposal Provisions (IRR Of P.D. 522)

(Excerpts from The IRR of P.D. 522, DOH Department Circular No. 220, s. 1974,
Signed on 5 August 1974)

General Provisions - Waste Disposal

2. Sewage Collection and Disposal

a) Sewage Collection - the sewage from the house plumbing system shall be
connected to a public sewage. system if available or to a septic tank.

b) Disposal of Septic Tank Effluent - the septic tank effluent shall be discharged into
a subsurface soil absorption field where applicable or shall be treated with some
type of purification device. The treated effluent shall conform to the quality standards
prescribed by the National Pollution Control Commission.

4.1.3 DENR Administrative Order No. 2016-08 (Water Quality Standards and
Effluent Standards 2016)
 Section 7 General Effluent Standards.

Discharges from any point source shall at all times meet the effluent standards set
forth in Tables 2-3 to maintain the required water quality per body classification. The
GES shall be used regardless of the industry category.

4.1.4 Presidential Decree 856 (Sanitation Code of the Philippines)

Chapter 17 Section 73.

Operation of Sewage Treatment Works Private or public sewerage systems shall:

(a) Provide laboratory facilities for control tests' and other examinations needed;
(b) Forward to the local health authority operating data, control tests and such other
records and information as may be required; (c) Inform the local health authority in
case of break-down or improper functioning of the sewage treatment works; and
(d) Provide for the treatment of all sewage entering the treatment plant.

5. Wastewater Treatment Process

5.1 Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Process

The Sequencing Batch Reactor Process is a modified conventional activated sludge

system used for the treatment of wastewater. The process takes place in a reactor tank
by batch. Each batch goes through series of several treatment stages which
incorporates aeration process for the biological treatment
Figure 5-1: Schematic Diagram for a Typical SBR Process
Figure 5-4: Typical SBR Flow Diagram
5.2 Treatment Process

The treatment process contains several stages. Equalization tank evens out the
imbalances of the flow of the wastewater. It stabilizes the overall composition of the
flow. Next stage is the sequencing batch reactor wherein the stabilized flow undergoes
the main treatment such as aerating, mixing, settling, and drawing. An additional stage
for the sludge is added for its removal. Activated sludge digester collects and disposes
the accumulated sludge which has been used up during the treatment process. Ion
exchange tank is added for the removal of heavy metals in the industrial wastewater.
Before final discharge, the effluent passes through chlorine contact tank for final
disinfection.

5.2.1 Screening

Influent wastewater passes through screens first before moving on to the next stage.
It eliminates suspended solids and floating debris like plastics, particulates and other
large solid waste materials that are flushed or discharged along with the wastewater.
This limits the damages to the equipment by solid waste. Bar Screens (perforated
plates or mesh, 10mm or less) retain the coarse solids (large objects, rags, paper,
plastic bottles, etc.) present in wastewater preventing damage to piping and
mechanical equipment that follows this treatment step. They are cleaned by hand
daily. Screenings are typically disposed of by landfilling or incineration.

5.2.2 Equalization

Flow equalization is used to overcome the operational problems caused by flow rate
variation. It reduces or increases the flow rate to a constant value before flowing to
the next stage. Equalization becomes vital to achieve proper execution of the
treatment facility by avoiding shock loading to the downstream equipment.

5.2.3 Sequencing Batch Reactor

Sequencing Batch Reactor is a tank that operates on a draw-and-fill course. All the
important processes occur in a single tank. The process consists of five different
phases which are: Fill, React, Settle, Draw or Decant, and Idle.
 (a) Aerated Fill
Mixed liquor is pumped into the SBR tank. This initiates the feast period.
Feast is when the micro-organisms have been in contact with the substrate
and the amount of oxygen is provided to facilitate the substrate consumption.
Nitrification and denitrification occur at the beginning of this stage. This period
ends when the tank is either full or when a maximum time for filling is
reached.
(b) React
During this period aeration continues until complete biodegradation of BOD
and nitrogen is achieved. After the substrate is consumed famine stage starts.
During this stage, some micro-organisms will die because of the lack of food
and will help reduce the volume of the settling sludge. The length of the
aeration period determines the degree of BOD consumption.
(c) Settle
Aeration is discontinued at this stage and solids separation takes place
leaving clear, treated effluent above the sludge blanket. During this clarifying
period, no liquids should enter or leave the tank to avoid turbulence in the
supernatant.
(d) Decant
This period is characterized by the withdrawal of treated effluent from
approximately two feet below the surface of the mixed liquor by the fixed
solids excluding decanter. This removal must be done without disturbing the
settled sludge. Sludge wasting is done simultaneously in this stage.

(e) Idle Phase

The transition from the draw phase and the fill phase of the next batch
prepares the SBR for another cycle. Idle phase can also be used to remove
waste sludge produced during the whole process.

5.2.4 Chlorination

The purpose of the Chlorine Contact Tank is to allow enough time for the chlorine to
disinfect the water. The water will stay inside the vessel for a minimum contact time
of 15 minutes to allow the chlorine to wipe out any unnecessary bacteria that may
still be present before its final disposal.
 5.2.5 Activated Sludge Digestion

Sludge or also known as biomass that has been accumulated in the SBR tank
settles underneath the tank. The settled sludge which has been used up is
transferred to the digester for self - cannibalization. At some point, there will be a
decline of growth of bacteria because of the amount of the food to microorganisms
(F/M). When the F/M ratio is less than one, the microorganisms feed off each other.
The sludge is only collected in the digester not treated on-site. Third-party collectors
are contacted to handle the waste activated sludge.

5.3 The Existing Wastewater Treatment Facility of Buena Rich Corporation

The Buena Rich Commissary Corporation uses the Sequential Batch Reactor for their
waste water. Waste water coming out from the cooking area will pass thru oil separator
before joining the rest of the wastewater flow from the other parts of the commissary,
which will be directed to the sequencing batch reactor system. The overflow of the oil
separator joins the other waste influent from the equalization tank. Then the waste
water stream is directed to the aeration tank for approximately 8 hrs. of aerobic process,
which removed approximately 95 percent of BOD and COD load. The overflow in the
aeration tank enters the clarifier tank, then the overflow from the clarifier tank is directed
to the discharge or effluent tank, wherein chlorine dozing and contact time is achieved
before discharging to the sewer line, ensuring compliance to the clean water act. The
existing WWTF of the Buena Rich Corporation is located at the rooftop of the building
occupying a lot area of 16.5 m2 and oil separator tanks located at the parking lot in front
of the building occupying a 6 m2 lot area.
5.3.1 Process Flow Diagram of WWTF of Buena Rich Corporation

Figure 5-5: Process Flow Diagram of WWTF of Buena Rich Corporation

5.3.2 Schematic Diagram of WWTF of Buena Rich Corporation

Figure 5-6: Schematic Diagram of WWTF of Buena Rich Corporation

5.3.3 STP Plan of Buena Rich Corporation

Figure 5-7: WWTF Plan of Buena Rich Corporation

5.3.4 Manhole Detail and Section Plan

Figure 5-8: Manhole Detail and Section Plan

5.4 Sizing of Existing Unit Process

A. PRIMARY TREATMENT

BAR SCREEN

Spacing 20 mm
Dimension 0.70m x 0.50m

EQUALIZATION TANK

Rectangular Basin One unit

Total Volume 7.2 cubic meters
Water Depth 1.70 m
Detention Time 3.46 hours
Dimension:
Length 1.2 m
Width 3.0 m
Height 2.0 m

B. SECONDARY TREATMENT

AERATION/ (SBR)

Rectangular Basin One unit

Total Volume 7.2 cubic meters
Water Depth 1.60 m
Detention Time 3.46hours
Dimension:
Length 1.2 m
Width 3.00 m
Height 2.00 m

C. CLARIFIER

Rectangular Basin One unit

Total Volume 7.2 cubic meters
Water Depth 1.60 m
Detention Time 3.46 hours
Dimension:
Length: 1.2 m
Width: 3.0 m
Height: 2.0 m
6. Evaluation
6.1 Observations

 The treatment tanks are located at the rooftop of the building in an

enclosed area, therefore it is not visible to the person who intend to
inspect the actual process.
 The septage are stored and cumulative in the grease trap where the
collection is done through the facility’s manhole located at the parking lot
in front of the building.
 The coagulants are exposed and stored in an open room located near the
roadside. The exposure of coagulants may react to certain particulates
that can harm the treatment process.
 Referring to the plan that they showed us, the process of the system is
incomplete.
 Based on the sizing of the tanks, the detention time is within the allowable
values.

6.2 Problems encountered

 The tanks are not visible and not possible to physically inspect; therefore,
it gave us a hard time to understand the actual process of the system.
 The influent results are questionable because some values are lower than
the effluent values.
 It is impossible for us to verify if the actual process followed the plan that
is provided by the designer as the tanks are not visible.
 The measure of oxygen supply to reduce the BOD is unknown. Therefore,
it is one aspect that we should consider in evaluating the efficiency of the
treatment system.
6.3 Effluent Test Results

PARAMETER METHOD RESULT STANDARD

Color, Visual Comparison 100 at pH 6.24 150

Apparent Color Unit SMEWW 2120B

Total Suspended Solids, Gravimetry

mg/L SMEWW 2540D 340 100

Oil & Grease, Gravimetry 10 5

mg/L SMEWW 5520B

Biochemical Oxygen Azide Modification

Demand, SMEWW 5210B 670 50
mg/L

Chemical Oxygen Open Reflux

Demand, SMEWW 5220B 883 200
mg/L

pH at 24.9° C Glass Electrode 6.24 6.0 – 9.5

SMEWW 4500 -H+

Table 6-1: Effluent Test Results from June 2017

PARAMETER METHOD RESULT STANDARD

Biochemical Oxygen Azide Modification

Demand, SMEWW 5210B 430 50
mg/L
Chemical Oxygen Open Reflux
Demand, SMEWW 5220B 698 200
mg/L
Oil & Grease, Gravimetry 18 5
mg/L SMEWW 5520B
Table 6-2: Effluent Test Results from December 2017
7. Conclusion

Upon the client visit, the following are the conclusions drawn from the situation:

 Upon evaluating the existing WWTF of Buena Rich Corporation it is confirmed

that the wastewater that has undergone the treatment process is directed to the
effluent or discharge tank where in the wastewater is collected by the third party
daily. Therefore, the effluent quality is not compliant to the standard set by the
DENR and the client are not allowed to discharge to the sewer line. The existing
WWTF is not effective. Hence, it needs modification or upgrade.
 Buena Rich Commissary Corporation manufactures meat products. Therefore,
the wastewater from the production has a strong concentration of BOD, COD, Oil
& Grease and Suspended Solids. In addition to that, the raw waster has Acidic
pH level.
 The TSS, Oil and Grease, BOD and COD did not pass the parameters standards
after 2 attempts of test. Because of this problem, the Buena Rich received notice
from the authorities regarding this matter and they were given considerations to
rehabilitate their waste water treatment facility. The possible cause of the
problem is the flaw in the design. Upon reading the plan provided by the
designer, the group noticed that the unit operations are incomplete. The following
errors are specified:

1. The client uses SBR type of STP wherein the fill, react, settle, draw and idle
process happens in the same tank. It was notice that they use single batch
reactor where equalization, aeration and clarification are achieved. The
optimization of the performance of the system can only be attained if there
are two or more batch reactor. Therefore, one of the factors that may cause
the ineffectiveness of the WWTF is the incomplete system.
2. The use of coagulants is unnecessary to the treatment process therefore it
has a very minimal effect to the improvement of the effluent quality.

8. Recommendation

The wastewater characteristics from the client’s manufacturing operations do not

comply with the standards due to high concentrations of the three parameters (oil and
grease, COD and BOD). In order to solve this problem, especially the high BOD
concentration, a Modified Filter Pod Treatment Process is suggested by the designers.
This process is a modification of septic tanks and has 97% BOD removal efficiency and
requires low energy consumption.
8.1 Modified Filter Pod Treatment Process

Figure 8-1: Schematic Diagram of a Modified Filter Pod Treatment Process

Figure 8-2: Process Flow for Modified Filter Pod Treatment Process
The Modified filter Pod Treatment is a modern take on the septic tank system. It is a
combination of Complete Mix Aeration System, Pre-Anoxic stage and Filter Pods. The
system is not well known locally but has been developed in UK.
The treatment starts with the pre-anoxic stage, wherein nitrate is removed separately by
producing an anoxic environment, a process which does not involve air production. The
high COD levels is caused by 2 nutrients that can cause plant life and algae to grow
quickly and plants also die quickly. This contributes to the organic waste in water, which
is then decomposed by bacteria. In the Anoxic tank, the bacteria are being starved of
readily available oxygen. Bacteria will then use Nitrate as an Oxygen. Afterwards,
aeration is used to maximize removal of nitrate as well as the other parameters. The
filter pod is used as filtration method and remains in contact with air for continuous
treatment.
To ensure total disinfection, the effluent passes through the chlorine contact tank before
discharge. The total process ensures 97% removal efficiency.

8.2 System Design

8.2.1 Preliminary Treatment

The influent is passed through screening and grit chamber to remove solid particles
present in the wastewater.
8.2.2 Anoxic Tank

Figure 8-3: Schematic Diagram of Anoxic Tank

This process removes nitrate in water by creating anoxic environment for the
organisms in the influent. The influent is combined with the return sludge from the
aeration tank and nitrate-rich mixed liquor to induce denitrification. The influent will
be the carbon source for the, microorganisms from the activated sludge while
oxygen is provided by the nitrate pumped into the basin. The tank is mixed and not
aerated using mechanical type or submersible motors fitted with propeller-type
mixer.
8.2.3 Aeration Tank
The tank is aerated to provide oxygen for the microorganisms, allowing
biodegradation and breakdown of organic and inorganic matter present in the
wastewater. Return activated sludge is will serves as microorganism for the anoxic
tank for nitrate removal.
8.2.4 Sedimentation Tank
The remaining suspended particles from the previous processes are settled into the
tank before proceeding to the next step. It also increases purification for the
wastewater.
8.2.5 Filter Pod

Figure 8-4: Cross-section of a filter

pod
 As the primary effluent enters the filter pod tank, it is distributed through the filter
media. Filter pod tank is designed vertically to allow downward flow, thus removing
the need for electricity during the filtration process. It is exposed to air to create an
environment for the bacteria, allowing for continuous treatment.

8.2.6 Chlorination
In order to remove pathogens in the effluent, a chlorination tank is added before it is
discharge. It provides disinfection and maintains chlorine residuals in the sewer. This
will prevent unwanted organism to grow and spoil the whole process.

8.3 Design of Modified Filter Pod

Design Criteria Value Unit

Average Flow, Qave 50 Cmd
mgd
Peak factor 2.3
Peak flow, Qpeak 115 Cmd
0.03 Mgd
Influent BOD 1050 Mg/l
Food to Microorganism
0.4
(F/M) Ratio
Mixed Liquor Suspended
3000 Mg/l
Solids
Filter Pod Diameter 1.5 Meter
Detention time, Anoxic
2.5 hours
tank
Detention time 2 Hours
Detention time 3 Minutes
BOD removal Efficiency 97 %
Table 8-1: Design Criteria and values for computation of MFP

8.4 Grit Chamber

115m3
day
Volume= ×3 minutes×60seconds
86400 seconds
Volume=0.240m3
 Let depth=2.0 m
volume 0.240
Area= = =0.120m2
depth 2.0

Then, Length= 1.2 m and Width= 0.1 m

Note: The depth of 2 meters is indicated in the Wastewater Engineering Treatment and
Resource Recovery by Metcalf and Eddy to get the area of the GC tank. The length is in
compliance with the client’s given area.

8.5 Anoxic Tank

Q×Dt 115 ×2.5

Volume= = =11.98m3
24 24

Let depth=2.0 m
volume 11.98
Area= = =5.99m2
depth 2.0
Then, Length= 1.20 m and Width=4.99 m

Note: The formula used for the computation of the tank volume is based on the book,
Water and Wastewater Technology by Mark J. Hammer while the detention time is
within range for anoxic process which is 2-4 hours.

8.6 Aeration Tank

F Q×BOD
=
M V×MLSS
115×1050
0.4=
V×3000
Volume=100.63 m3
Let depth=2.0 m
 volume 100.63
Area= = =50.32m2
depth 2.0

Then, Length=16.77 m and Width= 3.0 m

Note: The F/M ratio assumed in the computation is within the standard values for a
conventional aeration tank (0.2-0.5). The maximum value for MLSS for conventional
aeration is 3000mg/L. using the formula mentioned in the book Water and Wastewater
Technology by Mark J. Hammer, volume is calculated for the aeration tank.
8.6.1 Aeration Period

24Volume 24(100.63)
AP= =
Q 115
AP = 21 hours
Note: Using the formula given by the book Water and Wastewater Technology by Mark
J. Hammer, aeration period is calculated that is within the range 1-24 hours or more).

8.7 Settling Tank

Surface Overflow rate, Vo= 43.2 m3/day.m2

(Range is 12 – 74.4 m3/day.m2 )

Q 115
Area= = =2.66m2
Vo 43.2

Let depth= 2.0m

Volume=Area×depth=2.66m2 ×2.0m=5.32 m3

Then, Length=1.20 m and Width= 2.22 m

Noted: The assumed values for the settling tank are based on the ranges given by the
Operation of Extended Aeration Package Plants, Manual of Practice OM-7 Operations
and Maintenance by the Water Environment and Federation.
8.8 Filter Pod Tank

1.52 π
Volume=Area×depth= ×2.5
4
Volume = 4.42m3

8.8.1 Detention time, Dt

24V 24(4.42)
Dt= =
Q 115
Dt=0.92 hours ≈55.3 minutes

8.8.2 Filter size

No. of filter units= 2

Area= 1.76 m2
area of tank
No of filter =
area of filter
1.76m2
2=
area of filter

Area of filter = 0.885 m2

Note: The filter medium to be used in the filter pod is a specially-engineered RDX
synthetic media that is inorganic and does not break down and degrade unlike some
filter media. The size is dependent on the tank size. The filter pod tank/case is made of
impact resistant HDPE.
8.9 Chlorine Contact Chamber

Q ×Chlorine contact time (dt)

Volume=
hours
24
day
115m3
×0.5 hours
day
=
hours
24
day
Volume=2.39 m3
 Let depth= 2.0 meters,

Volume
Area=
depth
2.39m3
Area=
2.0 meters

Area=1.20 m2

Then, Length= 1.20 meters. Width= 1 meter

Note: The contact time for disinfection is within the standards which have a range of 15-
30 minutes, based on the book, Water and Wastewater Technology by Mark J.
Hammer. The depth is in compliance with the client’s allotted space.
8.10 Air blower for Aeration tank

Temperature of Wastewater = 20°C (68°F)

Dissolved Oxygen (Do) = 2.0 mg/L
BODin = 1050 mg/L
BODout = 31.5 mg/L
TSSout = 10.8 mg/L
NO3 = 50 mg/L
SOTR = O2 clean water at standard temperature and pressure, lb/hp-hr, kg/kWh,
or lb/hr
SOTR for fine diffuser = 5.85 O2lb/hp-hr (Range = (4.0 – 7.7) O2lb/hp-hr)
αF = Ratio of the wastewater to clean water transfer rate, typical αF values range
= 0.5 to 0.6
ϴ = dimensionless correction for temperature is equal to 1.024
β = saturation modifier, dimensionless is process water clean C/clean water C,
range between 0.9 to 0.95
CT,P,de = dissolved oxygen, mg/L; concentration adjusted for wastewater temp. is
8.0 for 27°C
C20,l,de= dissolved oxygen saturation, mg/L; concentration at standard temp and
pressure is 9.1 mg/L
OTR = O2 demand corrected for wastewater, lb/hp-hr, kg/kWh, or lb/hr
Qair = airflow rate, ft3/min
QO2 = oxygen transfer rate, lb/day
OTE = Oxygen transfer efficiency
ρair= lb/ft3, density of air is 0.075
ƒO2 = percent of oxygen in air is 0.232

Solution:

O2 demand=Q(BODin-BODout)(8.34)-TSS(1.4)+4.6Q(NO3)(8.34)
= 0.03 mgd(1050-31.5)(8.34)-1.4(10.8)+4.6(0.03mgd)(50)(8.34)
297.25lb
O2 demand= ×2.3
day
683.68lb
O2 demand=
day
β ×Ctpde-Do T-20
OTR=SOTR ( ) ×ϴ ×αF
C20lde

0.9(8.0)-2.0
OTR=5.85 ( ) ×1.02427-20 ×0.5
9.1

OTR=5.85(0.337)

lbO2
OTR=1.97
hr
QO2
Qair=
OTE×ρair×fO2×1440

683.68lb
day
Qair=
0.337×0.0174×1440
Qair=80.97ft3 /min

Qair=2.29m3 min
Provide 50%safety factor,
m3
Qair=2.29 ×1.5=3.44m3 /min
min
Note: For the computation of the aeration requirements for the MFP, the formula applied
is given by the book Water and Wastewater Technology by Hammer. The values are
also stated as standard values especially for filter pods.
8.11 Fine Diffusers for the Aeration tank

Qair 3.44
No. of fine diffusers= = =68 diffusers
Qairflow rate 0.05
Note: The fine diffuser air flow rate assumed is within the range given by the manual of
Practice for Aeration (0.016-0.084).
8.12 Pumps

volume 2.39m3
Q= = =0.0026 m3 /sec
time to empty tank 15minutes×60

Unit weight of water= 9810N/m3

Total Dynamic Head, E=2 meters

QWE (0.0026)(9810)(2)
Power= = =0.06 hp
746 746

PUMPS WHP BHP MHP Motor Pump Overall

Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
CCT 0.06 0.1 0.125 80% 60% 48%
Table 8-2: Pump Calculations of Filter Pod

Where:
WHP – water horsepower
MHP – motor horsepower
BHP – brake horsepower

BHP = WHP x (100/60)

MHP = BHP x (100/80)
Overall Efficiency = (WHP/MHP) x 100
 Motor Efficiency = BHP/MHP x 100
Pump Efficiency = WHP/BHP x 100
Overall Efficiency = (WHP/MHP) x 100

8.13 Removal Efficiency

8.13.1 BOD Removal Efficiency based on:

Aeration Tank BOD Removal Efficiency = 85-90%

BODin-BODout
RE, %= ×100
BODin
1050-BODout
90%= ×100
1050
mg
BOD out = 105
l

Filter Pod BOD5 Removal Efficiency = 97%

BODin-BODout
RE, %= ×100
BODin
1050-BODout
97%= ×100
1050
mg
BOD out = 31.5
l
Note: The removal efficiency of the conventional aeration results to a rather higher
effluent than the standard (50 mg/L). However, the filter pod removal efficiency, as
tested abroad is more than the aeration efficiency. The designers decided to utilize the
latter.
8.13.2 COD Removal Efficiency based on:
Pre-anoxic Denitrification Process Removal Efficiency = 97%

CODin-CODout
RE, %= ×100
CODin
652-CODout
97%= ×100
652
mg
COD out = 10.56
l
8.13.3 Nitrate Removal Efficiency based on:
Pre-anoxic Process Nitrate Removal Efficiency = 88%
 Nitrate in-Nitrate out
RE, %= ×100
Nitrate in
50-Nitrate out
88%= ×100
50
mg
Nitrate out = 6
l
8.13.4 TSS Removal Efficiency based on:
Filter Pod Removal Efficiency = 97%

TSSin-TSSout
RE, %= ×100
TSSin
390-TSSout
97%= ×100
390
mg
TSS out = 11.7
l

Parameters Amount leaving the DAO 2016-08 Evaluation

process (mg/L) standards (mg/L)
BOD 31.5 50 COMPLIED
COD 10.56 100 COMPLIED
Nitrate 6 14 COMPLIED
TSS 11.7 100 COMPLIED
Table 8-3: Evaluation of MFP Process

GC ANT AET ST FPT CCT Total

Area (m2)
Area (m2) 0.120 5.99 50.32 2.66 1.76 1.20 61.72
Table 8-4: Total Area of the Proposed WWTF for the client
8.14 New STP Plan and Location

Figure 8-5: New STP Plan and Location

Figure 8-6: New lot allotted for proposed STP design
8.15 Summary
Based on the calculations made in accordance with the standard values and formulas,
the proposed wastewater treatment can help the client to comply with the standards.
However, the computed total area for the proposed design exceeded the available total
area of the existing WWTP (16.5m2) of the client. Furthermore, the existing tanks
cannot be reused in the proposed design because the tanks are not properly designed
and do not conform to the standards. The client has an existing vacant lot which is
newly acquired located at the back of the building. The said vacant lot has an area of
140.63 m2 that may be allotted for the new WWTP design that requires approximately
100 m2 lot area.
8.16 Comparison of the Existing and New STP Design

EXISTING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM NEW SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

EXISTING PLAN AND LOCATTION

EXISTING PLAN AND LOCATION

NEW PLAN AND LOCATION

EXISTING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

EXISTING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Figure 8-7: Facade of Buena Rich Commissary Corp.
APPENDIX:

Figure 1: Polyaluminum chloride is pumped to the influent entry point and used as
coagulant
Figure 2: The path of the coagulant solution to the entry point of influent

Figure 3: The covered grease traps

Figure 4: Meeting with the Pollution Control Officer of Buena Rich Commissary
Corporation
Figure 5: June 2017 Test Report
Figure 6: December 2018 Test Report