ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SEMESTER 1 (JULY-DEC 2019)

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
Assignment No-I

1) An 11KV, 3-phase, 50HZ, 50 MVA, star connected generator is protected by the simple Merz-
price protection. The CTs used are 3000/5A. The relay is set to operate for a current of 150mA.
Under direct through fault condition of 14 times full load, the CTs at one end will have a voltage
that is 85% of that at the other end.
The relay having a resistive impedance of 100 ohms is connected to the physical midpoint of the
pilots. The pilot wire has a resistance of 0.54 Ohm per 100 meters. The distance between the
two sets of CTs is 250 meters. Determine the extra resistance required to be connected in series
with the relay to have a stability factor of 3 for this fault condition.
2) A generator having a rated current equal to 1000A is to be protected by a circulating current
differential relay using a stabilizing resistor. The through fault stability is required up to 10 times
full load current. Assuming one set of CTs at one end completely saturated, CT ratio 1000/1A, CT
secondary resistance=1.5 Ohms and total lead burden= 1 Ohm (from CT to relay), determine the
required stabilizing resistance. The relay picks up at 0.1A and has a resistive burden of 50 Ohms.
3) An 11 KV, 3-phase, 30MVA, star connected alternator is protected by an earth fault relay having
10% setting. If the neutral resistance limits the maximum earth fault current to 40% of full load
value, determine the value of the resistor and % of the winding protected. Find also the value of
the earth resistor needed to allow only 9.5% of the winding to be left unprotected. CT ratio is
2000/1 A.
4) A 10 MVA, 132/33KV,YD-1, 3-phase, 50 Hz transformer is connected in delta on the LV side and
in star with the star point earthed on the HV side. If the CTs on the HV have a ratio of 75/1 A,
determine the CT ratio on the LV side.
What would be the current circulating through pilots for a through fault due to which a current
of 5 times the full load occurs if the voltage tapping is set to 128 KV at the time of occurrence of
fault?
5) A single line diagram of a simple radial feeder is shown in figure. Using standard IDMT
characteristic, calculate the relay setting of all the phase relays. Assume suitable discrimination
time. Relevant data is as follows:
 Rated current of the relay=1A
Setting range of plug setting=50-200% of 1A in 7 equal steps
Setting of relay R3 : PS= 75%, TMS=0.1

6) The following figure shows a single line diagram of a portion of typical power station. Find out
the relay settings of phase relays used therein. Relays used are standard IDMT relays with
normal inverse characteristic and a plug setting range 50-200% of CT secondary rating. The time
multiplier setting of the relay R4 is given as 0.2. The fault levels of a 6.6 KV bus are 45 KA and 42
KA respectively.
7) The following figure shows a single line diagram of a portion of typical power system. Bracketed
figures give the fault levels on the concerned bus. Relays used are standard IDMT over current
relays giving normal inverse characteristic and they are rated for 1A with a setting range of 50-
200% of 1A in 7 equal steps. The plug setting and TMS of the relay R4 are 100% of 1A and 0.1
respectively. Assuming suitable discrimination time, determine the settings of relays R1, R2 and
R3.

8) A single line diagram of a simple radial network is shown below. Calculate the relay settings of
ground relays R1 and R2, given the PS and TMS of the ground relay R3 as 10% of 1A and 0.1
respectively. The relays are normal inverse IDMT relays with a setting range of 10-40% of 1A in 7
equal steps. The fault current for L-G faults at different buses are given as follows:
Bus Fault current for L-G fault(in KA)
A 5.0
B 3.0
C 1.5
D 1.0

Assume that excitation current of each CT is 0.03A.

9) The following figure shows a single line diagram of a ring network. The relays used are
directional and non-directional over current relays of the IDMT type. The fault currents fed from
both the directions are shown in figure.

The table gives the CT ratio and plug settings of relays.

Relays CT ratio Plug setting as
% of CT rating
R1 1000/1 100%
R2 800/1 75%
R3 800/1 75%
R4 500/1 100%
R5 500/1 100%
R6 800/1 75%
R7 800/1 75%
R8 1000/1 100%

10) A portion of the power system is shown by the single line diagram of the following figure. The
conventional primary and back-up relaying is used for the system using IDMT over current relays
of directional and non-directional types and bus-zone differential relays. In each of the cases
 listed below, a fault has occurred and circuit breakers have tripped as stated. Indicate the
location of fault. Was there any failure of protective relaying? If yes, where was the failure?
Assume only one failure at a time. Redraw a single line diagram showing CT locations taking care
of overlapping of the primary protective zones.
Case Breakers tripped
a 4,5,6
b 2,3
c 6,8
d 4,5,8
e 3,7,8

11) The following figure shows single line diagram of a portion of a power system. Bracketed figures
show the fault levels at the given buses. Considering a discriminative margin of 0.25 second
between successive relays, determine the relay settings of all the relays. Enlist the relays to be
provided with the directional feature. For which relays is the directional feature not required?
The relays used follow standard IDMT characteristic, and the time multiplier settings of the
relays R10 and R11 are set at 0.2.
12) Obtain 3 zone settings for (i) a reactance relay and (ii) a Mho relay of 60° MTA from the
following data:
CT – 400/1A
PT – 132KV/110V
Impedance for the first section is 2.5+j5.0 Ohms (primary) and that for the second section is
3.5+j7.0 Ohms (primary). The first zone covers 80% of the first section, the second zone covers
the first section plus 30% of the second section and the third zone cover the first section plus
120% of the second section.
13) A 220KV long transmission line has an impedance of 2+j8 Ohms. Suggest suitable distance relays
for its protection and determine the settings of the relays for all the three zones given that
(i) Zone 1 covers 80% of the line length
(ii) Zone 2 covers 150% of the line length
(iii) Zone 3 covers 225% of the line length
Assume
(a) A fault resistance of 2 Ohms while deciding settings and
(b) A suitable characteristic angle of the distance relay suggested by you.
Relevant data:
CT ratio: 1000/1A
PT ratio: 220KV/110V
14) A 3 section radial feeder shown in figure is to be protected by distance relays. The relevant data
is as follows:
 Radial Feeder
(i) Impedance of section I = 4+j16 Ohms (primary)
(ii) Impedance of section II = 3+j12 Ohms (primary)
(iii) Impedance of section III = 2+j8 Ohms (primary)
(iv) Rated load current of feeder = 1000A at 0.8 PF lag
(v) Probable overloading = 200% of the rated current
(vi) Probable voltage dip = 10%
CT ratio = 1000/1A
PT ratio = 132KV/110V
Relay R
(i) Transient over reach = 10%
(ii) Characteristic angle = 60° of Mho relay
Determine the settings of zones 1, 2 and 3 of the distance relay R. Also determine the reach of
all the three zones, for the line to be protected in terms of % of impedance of the first section.

15) The following figure shows the single line diagram of a portion of a power system. The relevant
data is as follows:

Line Impedance(Ohms/Km) Distance(Km)

L1 0.03+j0.12 150
L2 0.04+j0.16 100
L3 0.05+j0.15 50
L4 0.08+j0.24 32
L5 0.10+j0.30 25

Mho relay R is with characteristic angle=60°, Zone I setting K1=14.5 Ohms, Zone 2 setting
K2=160% of K1, Zone 3 setting K3=360% of K1, CT ratio of 1000/1 and PT ratio of 132KV/110V is
given. Find out in terms of distance in Km:
 Zone 1 reach of R from the switchyard A for the line L1.
  Zone 2 reach of R from the switchyard B for the line L2.
Also find in which zone of relay R, will the faults of lines L3, L4 and L5 will be cleared? Will the
lines L3, L4 and L5 be fully protected by the relay R?