International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 4 Issue 1, December 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Seismic Analysis and Design of Vertically Irregular

Mutistoried RC Concrete Building using Staad Pro V8i
Anjali Raw1, Ashish Verma2
1Student of M.Tech Civil Engineering, 2Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering,
1,2BRCM College of Engineering and Technology, Bahal Bhiwani, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Anjali Raw |

This paper is concerned with the effects of a variety of vertical irregularities Ashish Verma "Seismic Analysis and
on the seismic response of a structure. The objective of the project is to carry Design of Vertically Irregular Mutistoried
out Response spectrum analysis (RSA) and Time history Analysis (THA) of RC Concrete Building using Staad Pro V8i"
vertically irregular RC building frames and to carry out the ductility based Published in
design using IS 13920 corresponding to Equivalent static study and Time International
history analysis. Comparison of the results of analysis and design of irregular Journal of Trend in
structures with regular structure was done. The scope of the project also Scientific Research
includes the evaluation of response of structures subjected to high, low and and Development
intermediate frequency content earthquakes using Time history analysis. (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
Three types of irregularities namely mass irregularity, stiffness irregularity 6470, Volume-4 | IJTSRD29518
and vertical geometry irregularity were measured. According to our Issue-1, December
examination the storey shear force was found to be maximum for the first 2019, pp.237-242, URL:
storey and it decreases to minimum in the peak storey in all cases. The mass https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29
irregular structures were observed to occurrence larger base shear than 518.pdf
similar regular structures. The stiffness irregular structure experienced lesser
base shear and has larger inter-storey drifts. The total displacements obtained Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
from time history analysis of geometry irregular structure at respective nodes International Journal of Trend in Scientific
were found to be larger than that in case of regular structure for high stories Research and Development Journal. This
but steadily as we moved to lower stories displacements in both structures is an Open Access article distributed
tended to congregate. Lower stiffness results in higher displacements of upper under the terms of
stories. In case of a mass irregular structure, time history analysis gives a little the Creative
higher displacement for upper stories than that in regular structures whereas Commons Attribution
as we move down lower stories show higher displacements as compared to License (CC BY 4.0)
that in regular structures. When time history analysis was done for regular as (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
well as stiffness irregular structure, it was found that displacements of upper /4.0)
stories did not vary much from each other but as we moved down to lower
stories the total displacement in case of soft storey were higher compared to
respective stories in regular structure. High structures were found to have low
natural frequency hence their response was found to be maximum in a low
frequency earthquake. It is because low natural frequency of tall structures
subjected to low frequency earthquake leads to resonance resulting in larger
displacements. If a high rise structure (low natural frequency) is subjected to
high frequency ground motion then it results in small displacements. Similarly,
if a low rise structure (high natural frequency) is subjected to high frequency
ground motion it results in larger displacements whereas small displacements
arise when the high rise structure is subjected to low frequency ground
motion.

INRODUCTION
The structure is the main focus at the duration of an Due to lack of strength, mass, stiffness as well as height
earthquake and when it goes fail it shows a weakness of this causes irregularity in the structure of the building. Design
structure. Due to the incoherence of stiffness, mass and and analysis become more complex when these buildings are
geometry of structure this weakness appears. This is called built in seismic areas.
as ‘Irregular Structure’ and it also adds a huge division of A. Plan Irregularities
urban area. During earthquakes, vertical irregularities are B. Vertical Irregularities.
the main cause of failure. Soft story structure hits more and
collapsed with each other when an earthquake occurs. Hence Vertical Irregularities are mainly of five types-“
vertically irregularities have more effects on the seismic Mass Irregularity-Mass irregularity shall be looked to occur
performance of structures. There is some characteristic like at the place that the seismic mass of every storey is actually a
change in height, mass and stiffness which are different from lot more compared to 200 % of this of the adjacent storeys. If
regular buildings.IS 1893 definition of Vertically Irregular roofs irregularity doesn't have to be regarded as.
structures:”

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Stiffness Irregularity —Soft Storey-A soft storey is but one within stiffness as well as a mass on the level of this
whereby the lateral stiffness is actually under 70 % of this construction.
storey previously mentioned or even under 80 % of typical
lateral stiffness of 3 storeys previously mentioned. Karavasilis et al. (2013) studied the inelastic seismic effect
of plane metal moment resisting frames with vertical mass
Vertical Geometric Irregularity- A framework is actually irregularity. The evaluation on the produced result databank
regarded as Vertical geometric irregular if the horizontal demonstrated that the number of storeys, the ratio of the
dimension of lateral pressure resisting method in almost any power of column and beam and also the place of the thicker
storey is actually a lot more compared to 150 % of that mass impact the height wise division as well as the
storey within the adjacent storey of this structure. amplitude of inelastic deformation requires, even though the
result doesn't appear to be impacted by the mass ratio.
In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Elements Resisting
Lateral Force-An in a plane set off of lateral pressure Athanassiadou (2015) concluded that this impact of this
resisting components better compared to the measurements ductility category on the price of structures is actually
of these components. negligible, while the functionality of the abnormal frames put
through earthquake seems to be just as good enough, not
Discontinuity in Capacity —Weak Storey-A weak storey is substandard to this of normal types, quite possibly for two
but one whereby the storey lateral toughness is actually times the layout earthquake forces. DCM frames had been
under 80 % of this within the storey previously mentioned. discovered to always be better also much less ductile
IS 1893, Part one Linear fixed evaluation of buildings could compared to corresponding DCH styles. The about
be utilized for normal buildings of small level as within this sturdiness of abnormal frames was discovered to become
procedure lateral forces are actually estimated as a code much like this of normal types, while DCH frames have been
based the mostly essential period of time of this framework. found to dispose better about power compared to DCM
Linear powerful evaluation is actually an enhancement of shoes. Pushover evaluation appeared to undervalue the
“Linear Static Analysis” because this evaluation creates the result numbers within the top flooring surfaces of abnormal
outcome of greater vibration modes and also the real frames. 1:12 scope 17 story RC wall structure creating
division forces within flexible assortment within a far better clothes airers owning various kinds of irregularity on the
method. Structures are actually intended as a Design bottom part 2 accounts to exactly the same number of
grounded earthquake, though the particular forces acting on simulated earthquake excitations to look at the seismic
the system is much more compared to this of DBE (Ductility response characteristics of theirs was subjected by lee plus
Based Earthquake). So, within increased seismic zones Ko (2017). The very first item had a symmetrical moment
Ductility based style strategy is actually desired as ductility resisting frame (Model one), the next had an infilled shear
of this framework narrows the gap. The main goal within wall structure within the main frame (Model two), and also
developing an earthquake proof components is actually to the 3rd had an infilled shear wall in just among the outside
make sure that the structure has sufficient ductility to resist frames (Model three) on the bottom part 2 accounts. The
the ‘earthquake forces’ that it'll be put through in the course entire quantities of power absorption by harm are actually
of an earthquake. very similar no matter the presence and also spot of the
infilled shear wall structure. The most well-known power
LITERATURE REVIEW absorption was as a result of overturning, and then the shear
Tesfamariam and Rajeeva (2014) Fragility grounded deformation.
seismic vulnerability of buildings with an account of “Soft
Storey” (SS) and also “Quality of Construction” (CQ) was Devesh et al. (2016) agreed on the increased drift need
evidenced on 3, 5, as well as 9 storey RC setting up frames within the tower component of setback buildings as well as
created just before the 1970s. “Probabilistic Seismic demand on the increased seismic need for structures with
Model” (PSDM) for anyone gravity load created discontinuous distributions in deep mass, stiffness and
constructions were created, utilizing nonlinear limited power. The most significant seismic need was discovered for
component evaluation since the interactions involving CQ that consolidated stiffness as well as power irregularity.
and SS The resulting area technique is utilized to produce a
predictive situation for PSDM details as a characteristic of SS Moehle and Shahrooz (2014) assumed analytical and
as well as CQ. Result of this evaluation displays the experimental research to recognize the earthquake reply of
awareness of this product parameter to the interaction of CQ setback constructions. The experimental analysis required
and SS. layout, building, as well as earthquake simulation tests
associated with a quarter scope type of a multistory,
Sarkar et al. (2016) recommended an interesting approach reinforced concrete, setback frame. Style, as well as inelastic
to quantifying irregularity within vertically unusual evaluation of a number of multistory frames owning
construction frames, accounting for powerful qualities different amounts of setbacks, were involved by the
(stiffness and mass). The salient conclusions had been as analytical scientific studies. Along with were: was dealt with
follows: by the problems
1. An empirical formulation is actually suggested to 1. The adequacy of present fixed and also powerful style
compute the essential period of time of stepped demands for setback buildings;
developing, as a characteristic of regularity index. 2. Design solutions to boost the result of setback
2. A way of measuring vertical irregularity, ideal for structures;
stepped structures, referred to as ‗regularity index', is 3. The impact of setbacks on powerful response;
actually suggested, accounting for your adjustments

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Valmundsson, as well as Nau (2014), evaluated the constant with all the amount of post elastic (ductility)
earthquake effect of 5-, 10, as well as 20story framed reply assumed.
buildings with non-uniform stiffness, mass, as well as 2. Distribute the base shear involving the different lumped
toughness distributions. The result estimated out of TH mass amounts generally based upon an inverted
evaluation was in contrast to the first coat expected through triangular shear division of 90 % of this base shear
the ELF process embodied around UBC. Based on this generally, with 10% of the base shear getting imposed
comparability, the goal was evaluating the present needs within the very best fitness level to permit increased
beneath what a framework could be seen as frequent and method consequences.
also the ELF provisions applied 3. Estimate the original method reply phase of this and put
together in the layout effect spectra.
OBJECTIVES
1. To compare the result about regular as well as irregular RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
structures and with the use of RSA to calculate structure This method enables the many modes of reaction of
forces on irregular or regular structure. construction to be taken into consideration. This' s needed in
2. Vertical geometry irregularities, mass and stiffness are building codes that are many for those apart from quite
the main irregularities that should be checked. simple or perhaps quite complicated buildings. The
3. In order to compute the result of structures subjected in structural reply is usually identified for a blend of countless
order to different kinds of terrain movements modes. Personal computer evaluation could be utilized to
specifically small, high and intermediate frequency land figure out the modes for a frame work .For every function, a
surface movements through the Time historical analysis result is actually received using the layout spectrum,
and also to evaluate the outcomes. resultant to modal frequency as well as the modal mass, after
4. In order to perform ductility based earthquake resistant which they're put together to calculate the entire result of
look as a IS 13920 corresponding to equivalent fixed this framework. Through this, the magnitude of forces in
evaluation as well as THA and then to evaluate the most instructions is actually estimated and next influences
distinction of style and design. on the structure are actually noticed.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY There are some methods for combination:

1. We have studied that column has been molded to base

absolute –‘peak values are added together”’
not fixed.

“Square Root Of The Sum Of The Squares”(SRSS)
2. We have studied that the result of soil structure and

taken to be rockey soil. “Complete Quadratic Combination” (CQC) –“a method
3. We have studied vertical irregularity only. that is an improvement on SRSS for closely spaced
4. We have studied that the contribution of the infill wall modes”
structure to the stiffness wasn't thought as Loading of
infill wall structure was grabbed into consideration. The product of an RSM evaluation in the resulting spectrum
5. We have studied that on structure only linear elastic of a ground movement is usually totally different from that
analysis has been done. and will be estimated from a “Linear Dynamic Analysis”
6. We have considered RC building only. making use of that ground motion straight, as info of this
stage is actually forfeited within the procedure of producing
ANALYSIS METHODS the reply spectrum.
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
‘Seismic analysis’ is actually a significant instrument of TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS
earthquake engineering that is utilized to recognize the Precious time historical analysis methods include the
result of structures because of seismic excitations. In past stepwise option within the time domain name of multi
times the structures had been developed simply for seismic degree-of-freedom equations of movements which in turn
examination as well as gravity lots is a recently available stand for the particular result of construction. It's probably
growth. It's part of structural analysis and integral part of the most advanced evaluation technique accessible to a
structural style in which earthquake is actually common. structural engineer.
Some earthquakes analysis methods are given below:
A. ‘Time History Analysis’(THA) DESIGN METHOD
B. ‘Equivalent Static Analysis’(ESA) DUCTILITY BASED DESIGN
C. ‘Response Spectrum Analysis’(RSA) Hence the chief undertaking would be to make certain this
creating has sufficient ductility to resist the consequences of
EQUIVALENT STATIC ANALYSIS planet quakes, that is actually apt being encountered with
The equal/equivalent fixed evaluation treatment is basically the framework throughout the lifetime of its. Ductility of this
a flexible style method. It's, nonetheless, easy to utilize as framework functions as a shock absorber and also lowers
opposed to the multi-model effect technique, while using the the transmitted forces to the framework. The ductility of a
absolute simplifying assumptions getting arguably a lot more framework is able to evaluated by ductility based method.
constant along with other assumptions complete somewhere
else within the layout process. Ductility in the parts results originating from inelastic
articles conduct and also reinforcement detailing to ensure
This has some below mention steps: that breakable fracture is really stayed away from along with
1. Use the particular style reply spectra to figure out that ductility is really launched by allowing metallic to provide
this lateral base shear of total development is actually within a controlled manner. Hence the chief commencing is
making particular the producing has adequate ductility to

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withstand the implications of world quakes, that's really apt- 3.1 The least quality of concrete shall ideally be M20.
getting came across together with the framework through
3.2 Steel reinforcements of quality Fe415 or even much
the lifetime of its.
less simply shall be worn.
ORGANISATION OF DISSERTATION 3.3 The least stress metal ratio is actually provided by:
The very first chapter of the launch is spread cover by min = 0.24fck/fy
Dissertation, goals of this task, range of review, strategy,
3.2.3 The highest metal ratio is actually provided by max
evaluation strategies used and lastly develop method
= 0.025
required. The benefits of seismic evaluation of buildings and
also the necessity of an effective style method are shown by 3.2.4 The good metal ratio with a joint facial skin should
the very first chapter. It offers an introduction to the be for minimum comparable to fifty percent the bad
evaluation techniques implemented together with the metal within this value.
benefits of ductility grounded style and design.
3.2.5 The metal offered within every one of the bottoms
and top facial skin, shall, at any rate, be comparable
WORKING WITH STAAD. Pro
to one-fourth of this optimum unfavorable second
INPUT GENERATION:
metal provided with the facial skin of both joint.
The GUI (Graphical User Interface) communicates with the
STAAD analysis engine through the STD input file. That input
Design for Shear
file is a text file consisting of a series of commands which are
The shear pressure being resisted by vertical hoops is
executed sequentially. The commands contain either
actually instructed through the IS 13920:1993 modification.
instructions or data pertaining to analysis and/or design.
Flexible drooping, as well as hogging occasions of the
The STAAD input file can be created through a text editor or
opposition of this beam aisle at giving ends, are believed to
the GUI Modeling facility. In general, any text editor may be
be while calculating shear pressure. Clear plastic drooping as
utilized to edit/create the STD input file. The GUI Modeling
well as hogging occasions of opposition could additionally be
facility creates the input file through an interactive menu-
looked at for shear look in case PLASTIC parameter is
driven graphics oriented procedure.
actually pointed out within the type in the file. Shear
reinforcement is actually estimated to fight each torsional
TYPES OF STRUCTURES
occasions as well as shear forces.
A STRUCTURE can be defined as an assemblage of elements.
STAAD is capable of analyzing and designing structures
COLUMN DESIGN
consisting of frame, plate/shell and solid elements. Almost
Columns are designed for axial forces and biaxial moments
any type of structure can be analyzed by STAAD.
per IS 456:2000. Columns are also designed for shear forces.
A SPACE structure, which is a three dimensional framed All major criteria for selecting longitudinal and transverse
structure with loads applied in any plane, is the most reinforcement as stipulated by IS: 456 have been taken care
general. of in the column design of STAAD. However following clauses
have been satisfied to incorporate provisions of IS 13920:’”
A PLANE structure is bound by a global X-Y coordinate
system with loads in the same plane. The least quality of concrete shall ideally be M20.

Steel reinforcements of quality Fe415 or even much less
A TRUSS structure consists of truss members which can have simply shall be worn.
only axial member forces and no bending in the members.
The least dimension of column part shan't be a bit less
compared to 200 mm. For columns owning unsupported
A FLOOR structure is a two or three dimensional structure
measurements exceeding 4m, the least dimension of
having no horizontal (global X or Z) movement of the
column shan't be a bit less compared to 300 mm .The
structure [FX, FZ & MY are restrained at every joint]. The
ratio of least cross-sectional dimension to the
floor framing (in global X-Z plane) of a building is an ideal
perpendicular dimension shall ideally be not under zero.
example of a FLOOR structure. Columns can also be modeled
with the floor in a FLOOR structure as long as the structure
The spacing of hoops shan't go beyond fifty percent the
has no horizontal loading. If there is any horizontal load, it very least lateral dimension of this column, with the
must be analyzed as a SPACE structure. exception of the place extraordinary confining
reinforcement is actually supplied.
BEAM DESIGN

Special confining reinforcement shall be offered with
Beams are actually created for flexure, torsion as well as
measurements lo via every joint facial skin, towards mid
shear. In case demanded the outcome of axial pressure might
span, as well as on each side of every axial, in which
be looked at. For everything, the forces, just about all
flexural yielding could happen. The measurements lo
energetic beam loadings are actually rescanned to recognize
shan't be a bit less compared to a) bigger lateral
the crucial ton instances from various areas on the beams.
dimension of this part on the axial in which yielding
For style being done as an IS 13920 the breadth of this part
happens, b) 1/6 of the distinct span of this part, as well
shan't be a bit less compared to 200mm. additionally, the
as c) 450 mm.
part shall ideally enjoy a width to the level ratio of over 0.3.

The spacing of hoops employed as exclusive confining
Design for Flexure reinforcement shan't go over ¼ of least part dimension
Design procedure is the same as that for IS 456. However, but doesn't have to be a bit less compared to seventy-
while designing the following criteria are satisfied as per IS- five mm neither over hundred mm.
13920:”’

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ANALYSIS METHODS
STRUCTURAL MODELLING
SPECIFICATIONS
Live Load 3.0 kN/m2
Density of RCC considered: 25.00 kN/m3
Thickness of slab 150 mm
Depth of beam 800 mm
Width of beam 300 mm
Dimension of column 300x800 mm
Density of infill 20 kN/m3
Thickness of outside wall 250 mm
Thickness of inner partition wall 150 mm
Height of each floor 3.5 m
Earthquake Zone IV
Damping Ratio 5%
Importance factor 1
Type of Soil Rocky
Type of structure Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame
Response Reduction Factor 3

Four types of Irregular buildings were considered, Regular structure, Mass irregular structure, structure with ground storey as
the soft storey and vertically geometric irregular building. The first three structures were 10 storeyed.

1. Regular structure (10 storeys):

Mass Irregular Structure (10 storeys ): The structure is modeled as same as that of
regular structure except the loading due to swimming pool is provide in the fourth and
Eighth floor.
Height of swimming pool considered - 1.80 m
Loading due to swimming pool - 18.00 kN/m2

2. Stiffness Irregular Structure (Soft Storey): The structure is same as that of regular structure but the ground storey has a
height of 4.5 m and doesn‘t have brick infill.
Stiffness of each column= 12EI/L3
Therefore,
Stiffness of ground floor/stiffness of other floors= (3.5/4.5)3 = 0.47 < 0.7
Hence as per IS 1893 part 1 the structure is stiffness irregular.

3. Vertically Geometric Irregular- The structure is 14 storeyed with steps in 5th and 10th floor. The setback is along X
direction.
Width of top storey= 20m Width of ground storey = 40 40/20 = 2 > 1.5

SPECIFICATION
Live Load 3.00 kN/m2
Density of RCC considered: 25.00 kN/m3
Thickness of slab 150 mm
Depth of beam 800 mm
Width of beam 500 mm
Dimension of column 300x800 mm
Density of infill 20 kN/m3
Thickness of outside wall 250.00 mm
Thickness of inner partition wall 150 mm
Height of each floor 3.50 m
Force Amplitude factor 9.81

TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION TO IS CODE GROUND MOTION USED Three kinds of problems specifically mass irregularity,
Regular and various types of irregular buildings were vertical geometry as well as stiffness irregularity had been
analyzed using THA and the response of each irregular regarded. All three types of unusual RC setting up frames
structure was compared with that of regular structure for IS had strategy symmetry. “Reaction Spectrum Evaluation” was
code Ground motion. The IS code ground motion used for the done for every kind of irregularity and also the storey shear
analysis had PGA of 0.2g and duration of 40 seconds forces received ended up being in contrast to this of a typical
framework.

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