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Clean Agent System Test Report-1

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Clean Agent System Test Report-1

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City of Black Hawk

Fire Department
196 Clear Creek Street | PO Box 68
Black Hawk, CO 80422-068
Office 303-582-0426 | Fax 303-582-2229
www.cityofblackhawk.org

System Test Report

CLEAN AGENT
Occupancy Information

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Occupancy Address: Phone:
Email:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone:
Address: Emergency Phone:
Email:

Inspector/Tester Information

Name: Phone:

Signature:
CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM

Date Tested:

The items in the checklists below shall be inspected and tested. This list does not constitute all of the
required inspecting and testing of the fire and life safety system(s). Refer to the current Fire Code and
NFPA 2001 Standard, and the manufacturer’s instructions for weekly, monthly, and quarterly
requirements for inspection and testing. System test results must be submitted to the Black Hawk
Fire Department during annual inspection.

General
5. All signs, placards, and labels are provided on doors,
system controls, and electrical circuits. □ YES □ NO
6. No significant changes or unrepaired penetrations were
found in the enclosure protected by the system. □ YES □ NO

Recalls
7. The inspector did not find recalled devices during the visual
inspection. □ YES □ NO

Note: the Inspector’s inspection is a visual cursory inspection from the floor level in accessible areas.
Nozzles, Piping, and Hose
8. All nozzles, piping, and brackets are properly placed and
are secured. □ YES □ NO

9. All end-of-line resisters are in place. □ YES □ NO

10. All hose was visually inspected and does not have visual
defects. □ YES □ NO
11. All hose five years old and older has been tested in 5-year
intervals in accordance with NFPA 2001. □ YES □ NO

CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 2 OF 4
Cylinders & Extinguishing Agent
12. The quantity loss is <5% and the pressure loss is <10% in
each cylinder from the required quantity and pressure of the □ YES □ NO
extinguishing agent.
13. There is an up-to-date log containing a record of semi-
annual checks for the agent quantity and pressure on each □ YES □ NO
cylinder.
14. All cylinders with an unacceptable quantity loss were
refilled or replaced. □ YES □ NO
15. All cylinders are tested according to NFPA 2001 at the
proper intervals. □ YES □ NO

Initiating & Alerting Components

16. All detection/initiating devices respond properly when
tested. □ YES □ NO
17. All alarm functions take place upon receipt of a signal from
the detection devices. □ YES □ NO

18. All alerting devices work properly. □ YES □ NO

19. All supervised circuits send the proper signals to the control
panel. □ YES □ NO
20. All manual pull stations are readily accessible, accurately
identified, and properly protected to prevent damage. □ YES □ NO

Release Devices
21. The automatic release device(s) work properly, including
pre-discharge time delays. (Note: Confidence testing of the
release device does not require release of the clean agent
after the initial full discharge acceptance test. However, full □ YES □ NO
discharge tests may be required after changes to the
protected area or system.)
22. All manual stations used to release agents work properly
and require two separate and distinct actions for operation. □ YES □ NO

Abort Devices
23. The manual abort switch is a dead-man type switch and
functions properly. □ YES □ NO

Auxiliary Functions
24. All auxiliary functions such as alarm-sounding or displaying
devices, remote annunciators, air-handling shutdown,
damper operation, and power shutdown operate properly in □ YES □ NO
accordance with system requirements and design
specifications.
25. The alarms can be silenced, when allowed, without
affecting other system functions. □ YES □ NO

System Monitoring
26. The control panel sends the proper signals to the remote
FAP. □ YES □ NO
27. The fire protection system, including the alarm system,
works correctly on standby power during a simulated power □ YES □ NO
failure.
28. A signal was received at the Central Station monitoring
company. □ YES □ NO

CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 3 OF 4
Training
29. There is documentation that all personnel working in
enclosures protected by a clean agent system have
received up-to-date training regarding clean agent safety □ YES □ NO
issues.
Final Checks
Put the Fire Alarm back into service and/or other precautionary measures that were made to restore fire
alarm system to normal operation (includes removal of protective coverings). If the system was taken
offline, the TFWP Log Sheet must be submitted to the City of Black Hawk Fire Department after the
system is restored.
30. The system was left in service. □ YES □ NO
31. A printed or electronic copy of the test report was provided
to the owner/manager to maintain on the premises for a □ YES □ NO
minimum of three (3) years.
32. Temporary Fire Watch Permit Log Sheet submitted. □ YES □ NO
By accepting this statement I, the certified technician shown on this form, certify that this fire protection
system(s) has been properly inspected for functional operation in accordance with the current Fire Code
(FC) used by the department that has jurisdiction and NFPA Standards adopted by the FC for this
system. Any deficiencies found are noted in the report and have been reported to the building
Owner/Manager for corrective action. I am authorized to submit this report for the certified technician who
has accepted this statement.
Printed Name of Technician: Signature:

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 4 OF 4
City of Black Hawk
Fire Department
196 Clear Creek Street | PO Box 68
Black Hawk, CO 80422-068
Office 303-582-0426 | Fax 303-582-2229
www.cityofblackhawk.org

System Test Report

EMERGENCY GENERATOR
Occupancy Information

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Occupancy Address: Phone:
Email:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone:
Address: Emergency Phone:
Email:

Inspector/Tester Information

Name: Phone:

Signature:
EMERGENCY GENERATOR SYSTEM

Date Tested:

Pre-Test Checks
A Temporary Fire Watch Permit (TFWP) is required when a system is taken offline. Only the
owner/operator is authorized to request and receive a TFWP. Avoid unnecessary alarms by putting the
Fire Alarm System in test mode. Failure to place the Fire Alarm System (FAS) into test mode and/or
taking other precautions to may cause preventable alarms.
1. If system is taken offline, Temporary Fire Watch Permit
(TFWP) has been submitted and approved. □ YES □ NO
2. The building occupants were notified. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
3. The onsite supervisory station was notified. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
4. The Central Station Monitoring Service was notified to
place FAS in test mode. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
5. All signs, labels, and placards are in place and visible. □ YES □ NO
Load Test
Amps Volts Hertz
Generator Load Rating
Test Results (full load)
This generator supplies power for Over Current Capacity (Amps)
Required Emergency Equipment
Legally required Equipment
Optional loads
6. The EG was operated for the annual test according to Fire
Code Section 604, the manufacturer’s recommendations, □ YES □ NO
and NFPA 110 Section 8.4.
7. All of the fire and life safety equipment requiring EG power
was checked and operated properly. □ YES □ NO
8. The test results indicate that this generator provides
adequate power to support all loads connected to it and/or
sheds the Optional loads (Emergency, Legally Required, □ YES □ NO
Optional).

EMERGENCY GENERATOR SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 2 OF 3
Controls
9. The EG starts on power failure. □ YES □ NO
10. The EG run light operates on the controller panel.
11. The EG transfer switches operate correctly. Including load
shedding if so equipped.
Maintenance
12. The emergency generator (EG) maintenance record is
posted. □ YES □ NO
13. The EG has been exercised once a month according to Fire
Code Section 604, the manufacturer’s recommendations, □ YES □ NO
and NFPA 110 Section 8.4.
Fuel
14. The EG has a fuel supply large enough to accommodate
the longest minimum time required for the Emergency
and/or Legally Required load while the generator is under □ YES □ NO
full load.
15. The required annual ASTM approved fuel quality test is up-
to-date. □ YES □ NO

Final Checks
Put the Fire Alarm back into service and/or other precautionary measures that were made to restore fire
alarm system to normal operation (includes removal of protective coverings). If the system was taken
offline, the TFWP Log Sheet must be submitted to the City of Black Hawk Fire Department after the
system is restored.
16. The system was left in service. □ YES □ NO
17. A printed or electronic copy of the test report was provided
to the owner/manager to maintain on the premises for a □ YES □ NO
minimum of three (3) years.
18. Temporary Fire Watch Permit Log Sheet submitted. □ YES □ NO
By accepting this statement I, the certified technician shown on this form, certify that this fire protection
system(s) has been properly inspected for functional operation in accordance with the current Fire Code
(FC) used by the department that has jurisdiction and NFPA Standards adopted by the FC for this
system. Any deficiencies found are noted in the report and have been reported to the building
Owner/Manager for corrective action. I am authorized to submit this report for the certified technician who
has accepted this statement.
Printed Name of Technician: Signature:

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

EMERGENCY GENERATOR SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 3 OF 3
City of Black Hawk
Fire Department
196 Clear Creek Street | PO Box 68
Black Hawk, CO 80422-068
Office 303-582-0426 | Fax 303-582-2229
www.cityofblackhawk.org

System Test Report

FIRE ALARM
Occupancy Information

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Occupancy Address: Phone:
Email:

Fire Alarm Inventory

System Make:
System Model:
Control Panel Location:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone:
Address: Emergency Phone:
Email:

Inspector/Tester Information

Name: Phone:

Signature: Name:
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Date Tested:

The items in the checklists below shall be inspected and tested. This list does not constitute all of the
required inspecting and testing of the fire and life safety system(s). Refer to the current Fire Code,
referenced NFPA 72 Standard, and the manufacturer’s instructions for weekly, monthly, and quarterly
requirements for inspection and testing. System test results must be submitted to the Black Hawk
Fire Department during annual inspection.

General
5. The key to the panel is available at the Fire Alarm Control
Panel (FACP). □ YES □ NO □ N/A
6. The operating instructions are available at the FACP. □ YES □ NO
7. Materials and equipment needed to restore pull stations are
available at the main panel, e.g. glass rods, and plates; □ YES □ NO □ N/A
keys and allen wrenches, etc.
Alarm Panel
8. The FACP operates on AC power □ YES □ NO
9. The FACP operates on Battery power. □ YES □ NO
10. The FACP operates on emergency generator/standby
power. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
11. The trouble indicators function properly and a trouble signal
comes on with AC power off. □ YES □ NO

Initiation Devices & Notification Appliances

12. Initiating and notification appliances tested operate properly
on AC power. □ YES □ NO
13. Initiating and notification appliances tested operate properly
on generator/standby power. □ YES □ NO
14. Initiating and notification appliances tested operate properly
on battery power. □ YES □ NO
15. 100% of the INITIATING DEVICES per circuit were tested
in accordance with the NFPA 72 Chapter 10 standards □ YES □ NO
referenced by the current fire code (NFPA 72).
NOTE: 2 or 20%, whichever is greater, of restorable fixed-temperature, spot-type heat detectors need to

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 2 OF 4
be tested annually. Records shall be kept to ensure that every detector is tested every five years.
16. 100% of the AUDIBLE ALARM APPLIANCES per circuit
were tested in accordance with NFPA 72 Chapter 10. □ YES □ NO
17. The audible alarm appliances tested operate at the levels
the levels required by NFPA 72. □ YES □ NO
18. The audible appliances tested in residential units generate
a minimum of 60DBA at the pillow in the sleeping areas. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
19. 100% of the VISUAL ALARM APPLIANCES per circuit
were tested in accordance with NFPA 72 Chapter 10. □ YES □ NO
20. The visual alarm appliances tested operate as required by
NFPA 72. □ YES □ NO

Batteries
21. The batteries are rated for: (hours & minutes) Hours: Minutes:
22. Battery voltage (no load) Volts:
23. Battery voltage (full load) Volts:
24. Charge circuit voltage Volts:
Interface Devices
25. The FACP received signals from the following Interface
devices: Tested by: □ Simulation □ Operation

26. Emergency Generator(s) □ YES □ NO □ N/A

27. Flow Switch(es) □ YES □ NO □ N/A
28. Supervisory Switch(es) □ YES □ NO □ N/A
29. Range Hood Suppression System(s) □ YES □ NO □ N/A
30. Spray Booth Suppression System(s) □ YES □ NO □ N/A
31. Clean Agent System(s) □ YES □ NO □ N/A
32. Pre-action Systems(s) □ YES □ NO □ N/A
33. Pull Stations □ YES □ NO □ N/A
Other Equipment Controlled by FACP
34. The following Fire Safety Functions responded to signals
from the FACP. Tested by: □ Simulation □ Operation
Note: This Section replaces the Sequence Test Form. The checks in this section are only required during
one of the quarterly tests. The functions in this section require testing during the annual confidence test
for all other buildings.
35. Fan controls □ YES □ NO □ N/A
36. Smoke Dampers □ YES □ NO □ N/A
37. Elevator Recall system □ YES □ NO □ N/A
38. Elevator Shunt Switch(es) □ YES □ NO □ N/A
39. Magnetic Door Holders □ YES □ NO □ N/A
40. Door Lock devices □ YES □ NO □ N/A
41. Fire Pump(s) □ YES □ NO □ N/A
42. General alarm automatic time delay __________ (minutes) □ YES □ NO □ N/A

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 3 OF 4
43. Remote Annunciator Panels □ YES □ NO □ N/A
Communication Equipment
44. All phone sets function properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
45. All phone jacks function properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
46. All phone indicating devices at the FACP work properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
47. The public address equipment at the FACP works properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
48. The in-building Emergency Radio Communication Systems
function throughout the building in accordance with the □ YES □ NO □ N/A
current Fire Code Sec. 510.
49. Emergency phone tested in area of refuse. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
Alarm Panel Monitoring
50. A signal was received at the Central Station monitoring
company. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

Stairway Door Locks

51. All stairway door locking devices release simultaneously,
without unlatching, upon activation of the fire alarm system □ YES □ NO □ N/A
from anywhere in the building.
52. All stairway door locking devices release simultaneously,
without unlatching, upon activation from the fire command □ YES □ NO □ N/A
center.
53. The door(s) to the roof unlocks upon activation of the fire
alarm system. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
54. There is an access key at the control panel for doors that
fail to unlock. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
55. All of the doors open, close, and latch properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
Final Checks
Put the Fire Alarm back into service and/or other precautionary measures that were made to restore fire
alarm system to normal operation (includes removal of protective coverings). If the system was taken
offline, the TFWP Log Sheet must be submitted to the City of Black Hawk Fire Department after the
system is restored.
56. A printed or electronic copy of the test report was provided
to the owner/manager to maintain on the premises for a □ YES □ NO
minimum of three (3) years.
57. Temporary Fire Watch Permit Log Sheet submitted. □ YES □ NO
By accepting this statement I, the certified technician shown on this form, certify that this fire protection
system(s) has been properly inspected for functional operation in accordance with the current Fire Code
(FC) used by the department that has jurisdiction and NFPA Standards adopted by the FC for this
system. Any deficiencies found are noted in the report and have been reported to the building
Owner/Manager for corrective action. I am authorized to submit this report for the certified technician who
has accepted this statement.
Printed Name of Technician: Signature:

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 4 OF 4
City of Black Hawk
Fire Department
196 Clear Creek Street | PO Box 68
Black Hawk, CO 80422-068
Office 303-582-0426 | Fax 303-582-2229
www.cityofblackhawk.org

System Test Report

FIRE PUMP
Occupancy Information

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Occupancy Address: Phone:
Email:

Fire Alarm Inventory

System Make:
System Model:
Control Panel Location:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone:
Address: Emergency Phone:
Email:

Inspector/Tester Information

Name: Phone:

Signature:
FIRE PUMP SYSTEM

Date Tested:

The items in the checklists below shall be inspected and tested. This list does not constitute all of the
required inspecting and testing of the fire and life safety system(s). Refer to the current Fire Code,
referenced NFPA 20 and 25 Standards, and the manufacturer’s instructions for weekly, monthly, and
quarterly requirements for inspection and testing. System test results must be submitted to the Black
Hawk Fire Department during annual inspection.

Electric Pump
8. Electric Pump Wiring Phase □ Single □ Double □ Triple
0 gpm (churn) Amperage __________ Voltage __________
100% gpm Amperage __________ Voltage __________
150% gpm Amperage __________ Voltage __________
9. The electric pump ran properly for a minimum 10 minutes. □ YES □ NO
Diesel Pump
10. Oil level is OK. □ YES □ NO
11. Coolant level is full. □ YES □ NO
12. The hydrometer reading indicates that the antifreeze
protection is adequate. □ YES □ NO

13. The fuel filter/strainer was serviced. □ YES □ NO

14. The diesel engine/pump operated properly for a minimum
30 minutes. □ YES □ NO

FIRE PUMP SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 2 OF 4
Pump Controller(s)
15. The fire pump controller is listed and operates according to
NFPA 20 standards. □ YES □ NO
16. The controller regulates the jockey pump as required by
NFPA 20. □ YES □ NO
17. The controller regulates the fire pump as required by NFPA
20. □ YES □ NO

Pump Test
18. When the Pump starts from pressure drop the start
pressure is 5 psi below the start point of the jockey pump. □ YES □ NO
19. The pump runs smoothly without unusual noise or vibration.
(For standards regarding pump vibration see Hydraulics
Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and □ YES □ NO
Reciprocating Pumps – Ref. NFPA 20)
20. If due, the gauges passed a 5-year pressure gauge
comparison test with a calibrated gauge and were □ YES □ NO
recalibrated or replaced if necessary.
21. The pump performs at its rated capacity (RC) and at 150%
of its RC (or the capacity that the supply will accommodate □ YES □ NO
above the RC if it is less than 150%).
Actual Test RPM Churn ______ 100%RC ______ 150%RC ______

Pitot or Flowmeter Reading (gpm) Test Capacity 100% _______ Test Peak Flow (150%) _______

PSI Reading on Discharge Gauge Pre-test ______ Churn ______ 100%RC ______ 150%RC ______

PSI Reading on Suction Gauge Pre-test ______ Churn ______ 100%RC ______ 150%RC ______

22. Hose Size Hose Size ______in. Tip Size ______in. Hose length ______ft.

23. The shaft seals are dripping water properly. □ YES □ NO

24. The system pressure relief valve operates properly. □ YES □ NO
25. The Casing relief valve operates properly. □ YES □ NO
26. The fire alarm panel monitors the fire pump. □ YES □ NO
Transfer Switch
27. A simulated power failure during peak flow automatically
activated the transfer switch within 10 seconds. □ YES □ NO
28. After the automatic connection was made to an alternate
power source peak flow was redelivered within 30 seconds. □ YES □ NO
29. The manual emergency transfer equipment operated
properly during peak flow and peak flow was redelivered □ YES □ NO
within 30 seconds.

FIRE PUMP SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 3 OF 4
Final Checks
Put the Fire Alarm back into service and/or other precautionary measures that were made to restore fire
alarm system to normal operation (includes removal of protective coverings). If the system was taken
offline, the TFWP Log Sheet must be submitted to the City of Black Hawk Fire Department after the
system is restored.
30. A printed or electronic copy of the test report was provided
to the owner/manager to maintain on the premises for a □ YES □ NO
minimum of three (3) years.
31. Temporary Fire Watch Permit Log Sheet submitted. □ YES □ NO
By accepting this statement I, the certified technician shown on this form, certify that this fire protection
system(s) has been properly inspected for functional operation in accordance with the current Fire Code
(FC) used by the department that has jurisdiction and NFPA Standards adopted by the FC for this
system. Any deficiencies found are noted in the report and have been reported to the building
Owner/Manager for corrective action. I am authorized to submit this report for the certified technician who
has accepted this statement.
Printed Name of Technician: Signature:

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

FIRE PUMP SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 4 OF 4
City of Black Hawk
Fire Department
196 Clear Creek Street | PO Box 68
Black Hawk, CO 80422-068
Office 303-582-0426 | Fax 303-582-2229
www.cityofblackhawk.org

System Test Report

HOOD SUPRESSION
Occupancy Information

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Occupancy Address: Phone:
Email:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone:
Address: Emergency Phone:
Email:

Inspector/Tester Information

Name: Phone:

Signature: Name:
HOOD SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

Date Tested:

The items in the checklists below shall be inspected and tested. This list does not constitute all of the
required inspecting and testing of the fire and life safety system(s). Refer to the current Fire Code used by
the AHJ, NFPA 17, NFPA 17A, and NFPA 96 and the manufacturer’s recommendations for inspecting
and testing requirements. System test results must be submitted to the Black Hawk Fire Department
during annual inspection.

5. All nozzles are properly positioned. □ YES □ NO

6. All piping and conduit are immobilized with proper hangers
and brackets. □ YES □ NO

System Controls
7. All system controls and components are accessible and
free from obstructions. □ YES □ NO
8. The system is operational from the terminal link (last fusible
link). □ YES □ NO

9. The fusible links were replaced. (Only required annually.) □ YES □ NO

10. The manual (remote) pull is configured correctly and is
operational. □ YES □ NO
11. The operation of the fusible link line is not impaired by
grease. □ YES □ NO
12. The micro switch that controls the gas and/or electrical
power to the appliances functions properly. □ YES □ NO

13. The gas shuts down upon system activation. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
14. The appliance electrical shutdown device functions
properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

HOOD SUPPRESSION SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 2 OF 3
Cylinders & Extinguishing Agent
15. The extinguishing agent in the cylinders conforms to the
manufacturer’s requirements for this system. □ YES □ NO
16. The system has adequate supply of extinguishing agent as
required to meet the demand for complete coverage of the □ YES □ NO
cooking appliances.
17. The cylinders are filled with the correct volume of
extinguishing agent. □ YES □ NO

18. The cylinder gauge is in the operational range. □ YES □ NO

19. The CO2 or Nitrogen cylinder is fully charged. □ YES □ NO
20. The hydrostatic testing of the agent cylinder(s) is up-to-
date. □ YES □ NO

System Security & Monitoring

21. The lead and wire seals on the suppression system were
replaced. □ YES □ NO
22. The system is connected to the fire alarm panel. (if an
alarm panel exists) □ YES □ NO
23. The fire alarm panel receives the proper signals upon
suppression system activation. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

24. The alarm monitoring company received the alarm signal. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
Cleaning
25. The surfaced around the cooking surfaces, range hood,
and ducting from hood to termination □ YES □ NO
26. The system is on a cleaning schedule in accordance with
IFC 609.3.3. □ YES □ NO

Final Checks
Put the Fire Alarm back into service and/or other precautionary measures that were made to restore fire
alarm system to normal operation (includes removal of protective coverings). If the system was taken
offline, the TFWP Log Sheet must be submitted to the City of Black Hawk Fire Department after the
system is restored.
27. A printed or electronic copy of the test report was provided
to the owner/manager to maintain on the premises for a □ YES □ NO
minimum of three (3) years.
28. Temporary Fire Watch Permit Log Sheet submitted. □ YES □ NO
By accepting this statement I, the certified technician shown on this form, certify that this fire protection
system(s) has been properly inspected for functional operation in accordance with the current Fire Code
(FC) used by the department that has jurisdiction and NFPA Standards adopted by the FC for this
system. Any deficiencies found are noted in the report and have been reported to the building
Owner/Manager for corrective action. I am authorized to submit this report for the certified technician who
has accepted this statement.
Printed Name of Technician: Signature:

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

HOOD SUPPRESSION SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 3 OF 3
City of Black Hawk
Fire Department
196 Clear Creek Street | PO Box 68
Black Hawk, CO 80422-068
Office 303-582-0426 | Fax 303-582-2229
www.cityofblackhawk.org

System Test Report

SMOKE CONTROL ALARM
Occupancy Information

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Occupancy Address: Phone:
Email:

Fire Alarm Inventory

System Make:
System Model:
Control Panel Location:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone:
Address: Emergency Phone:
Email:

Inspector/Tester Information

Name: Phone:

Signature:
SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM

Date Tested:

The items in the checklists below shall be inspected and tested. This list does not constitute all of the
required inspecting and testing of the fire and life safety system(s). Refer to the current Fire Code,
referenced NFPA 92 and 204 Standards, and the manufacturer’s instructions for weekly, monthly, and
quarterly requirements for inspection and testing. System test results must be submitted to the Black
Hawk Fire Department during annual inspection.

Breakout Glass (Obsolete)

6. The building has: □ Tempered Breakout Glass □ Operable Windows
If Tempered Breakout Glass, answer the following:
a. The tempered breakout windows have 2-Inch white
dots located on the lower 1/3 of each window. □ YES □ NO

b. The tempered breakout windows are unobstructed. □ YES □ NO

Smoke Removal General
7. The building smoke removal system(s) operate on the
activation of the fire alarm. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
8. The sequence of actions to activate the smoke control
system is in the proper order so that no components of the □ YES □ NO □ N/A
system are damaged.
9. The fans operate properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
10. The smoke and fire dampers work properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
11. The fans operate on emergency power. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
12. The fans operate on emergency power. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
13. The fans work on manual controls. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
14. Location of manual controls:

15. The fire dampers work on manual controls. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 2 OF 3
16. The smoke removal system provides six air changes per
hour. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

17. List the measurement method and equipment used to test air flow: □ N/A

18. Copy of Air Change Test Report is attached to this Smoke

Control System Report. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

Stairway & Elevator Shaft Pressurization

19. CFM: Stairway _ Elevator _

20. Measurements were taken from atmospheric pressure. □ YES □ NO

21. Measurements were taken from shaft and the main
occupied area. □ YES □ NO

22. Readings were taken at every 5th floor. □ YES □ NO

23. Elevator shaft pressures measure 0.15 in H2O or greater
(non-sprinklered shaft) □ YES □ NO
24. Elevator shaft pressures measure 0.10 in H2O, (100%
automatic sprinklered building) □ YES □ NO

25. Stair shaft pressures measure 0.15 in H2O □ YES □ NO

26. Life safety core type building has 0.05 in H2O differential
between pressurized core and tenant area. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
27. All doors (stairway and elevator) open and close correctly
with fans running. □ YES □ NO

28. Gaskets are in good condition on stair and elevator doors. □ YES □ NO
Final Checks
Put the Fire Alarm back into service and/or other precautionary measures that were made to restore fire
alarm system to normal operation (includes removal of protective coverings). If the system was taken
offline, the TFWP Log Sheet must be submitted to the City of Black Hawk Fire Department after the
system is restored.
29. A printed or electronic copy of the test report was provided
to the owner/manager to maintain on the premises for a □ YES □ NO
minimum of three (3) years.
30. Report of all measurements taken attached. □ YES □ NO
31. Temporary Fire Watch Permit Log Sheet submitted. □ YES □ NO
By accepting this statement I, the certified technician shown on this form, certify that this fire protection
system(s) has been properly inspected for functional operation in accordance with the current Fire Code
(FC) used by the department that has jurisdiction and NFPA Standards adopted by the FC for this
system. Any deficiencies found are noted in the report and have been reported to the building
Owner/Manager for corrective action. I am authorized to submit this report for the certified technician who
has accepted this statement.
Printed Name of Technician: Signature:

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 3 OF 3
City of Black Hawk
Fire Department
196 Clear Creek Street | PO Box 68
Black Hawk, CO 80422-068
Office 303-582-0426 | Fax 303-582-2229
www.cityofblackhawk.org

System Test Report

SPRINKLER
Occupancy Information

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Occupancy Address: Phone:
Email:

Sprinkler Inventory

# of Wet Systems in the Building:

# of Wet Systems Tested:
# of Dry Systems in the Building:
# of Dry Systems Tested:
# of Foam Systems in the Building:
# of Foam Systems Tested:
Standard Sprinkler Heads Sample Testing Due Date:
Quick Response Sprinkler Heads Sample Testing Due Date:
Dry Type Sprinkler Heads Sample Testing Due Date:
Due Date For Next Gauge Comparison Test:
Date For Next FDC Obstruction Investigation:
Date For Next Piping Obstruction Examination:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone:
Address: Emergency Phone:
Email:

Inspector/Tester Information

Name: Phone: State Reg. No.:

Signature: Date:
SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Date Tested:

The items in the checklists below shall be inspected and tested. This list does not constitute all of the
required inspecting and testing of the fire and life safety system(s). Refer to the current Fire Code,
referenced NFPA 25 Standard, and the manufacturer’s instructions for weekly, monthly, and quarterly
requirements for inspection and testing. System test results must be submitted to the Black Hawk
Fire Department during annual inspection.

Pre-Test Checks
A Temporary Fire Watch Permit (TFWP) is required when a system is taken offline. Only the
owner/operator is authorized to request and receive a TFWP. Avoid unnecessary alarms by putting the
Fire Alarm System in test mode. Failure to place the Fire Alarm System (FAS) into test mode and/or
taking other precautions to may cause preventable alarms.
1. If system is taken offline, Temporary Fire Watch Permit
(TFWP) has been submitted and approved. □ YES □ NO
2. All signs, placards, and labels are provided on doors and
system controls. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
3. There is an up-to-date log of any weekly, monthly, and
quarterly inspections and testing of the system(s) covered □ YES □ NO □ N/A
by this report.
Pre-Test Checks
4. All accessible sprinkler heads have been visually inspected
and are free of corrosion, paint, obstructions and/or □ YES □ NO □ N/A
physical damage.
5. The sprinkler coverage is OK. (Note: If the coverage has
not been altered after the last acceptance/reacceptance □ YES □ NO □ N/A
test it is OK.)
6. The standard sprinkler heads are less than 50 years old or
within a prescribed testing period. If “No” have the heads
sample tested or replaced per NFPA 25 and at the □ YES □ NO □ N/A
prescribed intervals thereafter.
7. The Quick Response sprinkler heads are less than 20
years old or within a prescribed testing period. If “No” have
the heads sample tested or replaced per NFPA 25 and at □ YES □ NO □ N/A
the prescribed intervals thereafter.
8. The dry type sprinkler heads are less than 10 years old or
within a prescribed testing period. If “No” have the heads
sample tested or replaced per NFPA 25 and at the □ YES □ NO □ N/A
prescribed intervals thereafter.
9. The proper number and type of spare sprinkler heads is
available, with the proper wrenches for each, at the riser or □ YES □ NO □ N/A
another designated location.
Heat Activated Devices
10. Heat actuation devices function on pre-action and deluge
systems. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

SPRINKLER SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 2 OF 4
Flow Tests
11. The system(s) passed the Main Drain flow test □ YES □ NO
12. The Main Drain is the proper size. □ YES □ NO
Return to Static Pressure
Riser: Static Pressure (PSI): Flow Pressure (PSI):
(min/sec):

Alarms & Supervisory Devices

13. Flow from the inspector’s test valve activates the system
alarms. □ YES □ NO
14. All Supervisory and alarm devises [i.e. bell(s), flow
switches, supervisory switches] function properly. □ YES □ NO

Valves
15. Pressure regulating valves (PRV) are set properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
16. All supply valves are secured or supervised. □ YES □ NO
17. All supply valves have been lubricated (where required) □ YES □ NO
18. The maintenance on the system gauges is up-to-date. □ YES □ NO
Note: The system gauges are to be compared with a calibrated gauge every five (5) years. If a gauge is
not within +/- 3% of the calibrated gauge it must be replaced or recalibrated. This check should be done
for multiple floors at static pressure using one calibrated gauge and hydraulic.
Obstruction Investigation
19. The 5-year obstruction investigation of Fire Department
Connection (FDC) piping is up-to-date in accordance with □ YES □ NO
NFPA 25 Chap. 14. (eff. 10/21/2012).
20. The 5-year obstruction exam for the FDC(s) included
testing and operation of the check valve. □ YES □ NO
21. The 5-year Obstruction Examination of the sprinkler piping
is up-to-date in accordance with NFPA 25 Chap. 14. □ YES □ NO

Fire Department Connections

22. The Fire Department Connection(s) (FDC) is clear of
bushes, guards, or other debris and is visible from the □ YES □ NO
street.
23. All FDCs have protective plugs or covers. □ YES □ NO
24. If a plug or cover was missing from a FDC the piping was
inspected for debris. (this is required) □ YES □ NO
25. All caps and plugs have at least 12” clearance for operating
wrenches. □ YES □ NO
26. All swivels turn freely. □ YES □ NO
27. Sign designating “FDC” □ YES □ NO
Recalls
28. The inspector did not find recalled devices during the visual
inspection. □ YES □ NO

Note: The technician’s inspection is visual and from the floor level in accessible areas.
Alarm Monitoring
29. A signal was received at the Central Station monitoring
company. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

SPRINKLER SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 3 OF 4
Foam Generating Equipment
30. Control valves, including all automatic and manual
actuating devices operate properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

31. All control valves are secured or supervised. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

32. Supervisory switches operate properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
33. The alarm indication device operates properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
34. Alarm bells operate properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
35. All of the proportioning devices, their accessory equipment,
and foam makers have been inspected, tested, and are □ YES □ NO □ N/A
functioning properly.
36. A sample of the foam concentrate was sent to a testing
laboratory and passed the analysis. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
37. The above-ground piping is in good condition and drains
properly. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
38. As required by NFPA 11, the underground piping has been
spot-checked for deterioration within the last 5 years □ YES □ NO □ N/A
39. All the strainers have been inspected and cleaned quarterly
(by maintenance) and as necessary during confidence □ YES □ NO □ N/A
testing.
Dry Sprinkler Systems
40. The system(s) passed the trip test. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
41. Air compressor(s) refills system in 30 minutes or less. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
42. The system’s low points were drained and the system was
restored to service. □
YES □ NO □ N/A
System: System Tripped In (Seconds):

Final Checks
Put the Fire Alarm back into service and/or other precautionary measures that were made to restore fire
alarm system to normal operation (includes removal of protective coverings). If the system was taken
offline, the TFWP Log Sheet must be submitted to the City of Black Hawk Fire Department after the
system is restored.
43. The system was left in service. □ YES □ NO
44. A printed or electronic copy of the test report was provided
to the owner/manager to maintain on the premises for a □ YES □ NO
minimum of three (3) years.
45. Temporary Fire Watch Permit Log Sheet submitted. □ YES □ NO
By accepting this statement I, the certified technician shown on this form, certify that this fire protection
system(s) has been properly inspected for functional operation in accordance with the current Fire Code
(FC) used by the department that has jurisdiction and NFPA Standards adopted by the FC for this
system. Any deficiencies found are noted in the report and have been reported to the building
Owner/Manager for corrective action. I am authorized to submit this report for the certified technician who
has accepted this statement.
Printed Name of Technician: Signature:

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

SPRINKLER SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 4 OF 4
City of Black Hawk
Fire Department
196 Clear Creek Street | PO Box 68
Black Hawk, CO 80422-068
Office 303-582-0426 | Fax 303-582-2229
www.cityofblackhawk.org

System Test Report

STANDPIPE
Occupancy Information

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Occupancy Address: Phone:
Email:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone:
Address: Emergency Phone:
Email:

Inspector/Tester Information

Name: Phone: State Reg. No.:

Signature: Date:
STANDPIPE SYSTEM

Date Tested:

The items in the checklists below shall be inspected and tested. This list does not constitute all of the
required inspecting and testing of the fire and life safety system(s). Refer to the current Fire Code,
referenced NFPA 25 Standard, and the manufacturer’s instructions for weekly, monthly, and quarterly
requirements for inspection and testing. System test results must be submitted to the Black Hawk
Fire Department during annual inspection.

Testing & Inspection Checklist

6. The standpipe is located in areas that could be damaged
by water if a leak occurs, and passed the air pressure test □ YES □ NO
at 25 psi (1.7 bar) prior to introducing water to the system.
7. The standpipe passed the 5-year hydrostatic test in
accordance with NFPA 25 (manual dry standpipe systems □ YES □ NO □ N/A
and semi-automatic dry standpipe systems only)
Flow Tests

8. The required flow for this standpipe is: __________ gpm

9. The standpipe passed the 5-year Flow Test. □ YES □ NO

10. For stand-alone automatic standpipes: The system passed
the main drain test, done in accordance with NFPA 25
Chapter 13.A separate main drain test does not need to be □ YES □ NO
done on standpipes combined with a sprinkler system that
has already been tested.
11. Pressure regulating valves (PRV) provide acceptable flow
and pressure. (Document results on separate page). □ YES □ NO

12. The flow switch(es) operates properly. □ YES □ NO

13. The flow alarm(s) operates properly. □ YES □ NO
14. Fire pump(s) started from roof flow. □ YES □ NO

STANDPIPE SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 2 OF 4
Obstruction Investigation
15. The 5-year obstruction investigation of Fire Department
Connection (FDC) piping is up-to-date in accordance with □ YES □ NO
NFPA 25 Chap. 14.
Note: This test is satisfied for combination standpipes when it is done for the automatic sprinkler system.
16. The 5-year obstruction investigation for the FDC(s) included
testing and operation of the check valve and auto drain in □ YES □ NO
accordance with NFPA 25.
Gauges
17. The maintenance on the system gauges is up-to-date. □ YES □ NO
Note: The system gauges are to be compared with a calibrated gauge every five (5) years. If a gauge is
not within +/- 3% of the calibrated gauge it must be replaced or recalibrated. This check can be done for
multiple floors at static pressure using one calibrated gauge and hydraulic calculations.
Valves & Hose Connections
18. The water supply control valves are secured or
electronically supervised. □ YES □ NO
19. The Fire Department Connection(s)(FDC) is clear of
bushes, guards, or other debris and is visible from the □ YES □ NO
street.
20. All FDCs have protective plugs or covers. □ YES □ NO
21. If a plug or cover was missing from a FDC the piping was
inspected for debris in accordance with NFPA 25. □ YES □ NO

22. All swivels turn freely. □ YES □ NO

23. All hose connection valves/ports have a protective cap with
a 1/8” relief hole. □ YES □ NO
24. All caps and plugs have at least 12” clearance for operating
wrenches. □ YES □ NO

Monitoring
25. A signal was received at the Central Station monitoring
company. □ YES □ NO

Recalls
26. The inspector did not find recalled devices during the visual
inspection. □ YES □ NO

Note: the inspector’s inspection is a visual cursory inspection from the floor level in accessible areas.
Alarm Monitoring
27. A signal was received at the Central Station monitoring
company. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

Type II Standpipes
28. The hose cabinet(s) is in acceptable condition in
accordance with NFPA 25. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
29. The hose storage device(s) is in acceptable condition in
accordance with NFPA 25. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
30. The hose is in acceptable condition in accordance with
NFPA 25. □ YES □ NO □ N/A
31. The nozzle is in acceptable condition in accordance with
NFPA 25. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

STANDPIPE SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 3 OF 4
Final Checks
Put the Fire Alarm back into service and/or other precautionary measures that were made to restore fire
alarm system to normal operation (includes removal of protective coverings). If the system was taken
offline, the TFWP Log Sheet must be submitted to the City of Black Hawk Fire Department after the
system is restored.
32. The standpipe was left in service. □ YES □ NO
33. A printed or electronic copy of the test report was provided
to the owner/manager to maintain on the premises for a □ YES □ NO
minimum of three (3) years.
34. Temporary Fire Watch Permit Log Sheet submitted. □ YES □ NO
By accepting this statement I, the certified technician shown on this form, certify that this fire protection
system(s) has been properly inspected for functional operation in accordance with the current Fire Code
(FC) used by the department that has jurisdiction and NFPA Standards adopted by the FC for this
system. Any deficiencies found are noted in the report and have been reported to the building
Owner/Manager for corrective action. I am authorized to submit this report for the certified technician who
has accepted this statement.
Printed Name of Technician: Signature:

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

STANDPIPE SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

PAGE 4 OF 4
PRESSURE DYNAMICS OF CLEAN AGENT DISCHARGES
Mark L. Robin, Hughes Associates, Inc., West Lafayette, IN
(Ph: 765-583-0718; fax: 765-583-2066; [email protected]),

Eric W. Forssell, Hughes Associates, Inc., Baltimore, MD

(Ph: 410-737-8677; Fax: 410-737-8688; [email protected]), and

Vimal Sharma, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN

(Ph: 765-497-6100; [email protected]).

ABSTRACT

Despite the long held agreement that a knowledge of enclosure integrity is an essential element
in the design of fire protection systems, relatively little information is available concerning the
development of enclosure pressure during the discharge of gaseous agents.

Room pressure development during clean agent discharges is dependent upon several system-
and enclosure-related factors. A major factor influencing the development of room pressure is
the nature of the clean agent. The discharge of inert gas agents is characterized by a rapid
buildup of pressure to a maximum, followed by a relatively slow decay in pressure with time.
The discharge of halocarbon-based agents on the other hand, is characterized by an initial,
relatively rapid negative pressure pulse, due to initial cooling of the enclosure and its contents,
followed by a relatively rapid positive pressure pulse. Additional factors influencing the
development of room pressure during a clean agent discharge include the enclosure construction,
the enclosure integrity (leakage area, hold time), the fire size per enclosure volume ratio, and the
agent flow rate.

Details of the effects of the above factors on room pressure development for both inert gas and
halocarbon-based systems will be reviewed, along with data relating enclosure pressurization to
enclosure integrity. Approaches to the evaluation of enclosure strengths for various construction
types will be discussed, and recently developed methodologies for the prediction of the pressure
dynamics of clean agent discharges will also be reviewed.

PRESSURE DYNAMICS: OBSERVATIONS

Room pressure development during clean agent discharges is dependent upon several system-
and enclosure-related factors. A major factor influencing the development of room pressure is
the nature of the clean agent. Figure 1 shows the variation of the room pressure with time for the
discharge of Inergen®, an inert gas type clean agent. The discharge of an inert gas agent is
characterized by a rapid buildup of pressure to a maximum, followed by a relatively slow decay
in pressure with time. Figure 2 shows the variation of the room pressure with time for the
discharge of FM-200®, a halocarbon type clean agent. For halocarbon-based clean agents, an
initial negative pressure event occurs: the agent undergoes a phase change from liquid to vapor
2.5

Enclosure Pressure (iwc)

1.5

0.5

0
200 220 240 260 280 300
Time (seconds)

Figure 1. Development of Room Pressure During

the Discharge of 30.9% v/v Inergen®

0.4

0.2
Room Pressure (iwc)

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

-1.2
60 70 80 90 100 110
Time (seconds)

Figure 2. Development of Room Pressure During

the Discharge of 6.1% v/v FM-200®

2
at the nozzle, which results in the absorption of heat from enclosure air and a decrease in the
room pressure to below the ambient pressure. The negative pressure event is followed by a
positive pressure event during which heat transfer occurs from the enclosure and its contents to
the cooled air and expansion of the agent results in an increase in room pressure to above the
ambient pressure. Hence, the discharge of halocarbon-based clean agents is characterized by an
initial, relatively rapid negative pressure pulse, due to initial cooling of the enclosure and its
contents, followed by a relatively rapid positive pressure pulse.

Previous studies [1-3] of the pressure dynamics of halocarbon agent discharges have shown that
the magnitude of the enclosure pressures developed is dependent upon several factors, including:

• Agent properties
• Agent concentration
• Discharge time
• Enclosure leakage area
• Enclosure construction
• Fire size

As discussed above, the pressure dynamics of inert gas agent discharges differ significantly from
the pressure dynamics of halocarbon-based agent discharges. The thermodynamic properties of
a halocarbon-based agent will determine the extent of heat transfer occurring during agent
discharge, and hence the pressure dynamics of different halocarbon-based agents will be
different. Testing with FM-200® indicated a dependence of the enclosure pressure on the agent
concentration. Figure 3 shows the maximum and minimum enclosure pressures measured during
the cold discharge of FM-200® in an 85 m3 enclosure constructed from 2x4 wood studs and
gypsum wallboard. As can be seen from Figure 3, as the agent concentration increases, the
magnitude of the positive and negative pressure pulses also increases.

1.5

1
Enclosure Pressure (iwc)

0.5

0
6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2
FM-200 Concentration (% v/v)

Figure 3. Effect of Concentration on Enclosure Pressure.

FM-200®, 10 s discharge; leakage area 35 sq. in.

3
The discharge time was found to have little effect on the enclosure pressure [1], for discharge
times ranging between 6 and 10 seconds. For example, Figure 4 shows the effect of the
discharge time on the enclosure pressure for the discharge of 8% v/v FM-200® on a 445 mm
heptane pan fire. The effect of the leakage area on the enclosure pressure is as expected: as the
leakage area is increased, the magnitude of the enclosure pressures decreases, as seen in Figure
5.

4

3

Enclosure Pressure, iwc

2
Max. Positive Pressure
1 Max. Negative Pressure
0

-1

-2

-3
4 6 8 10 12
Discharge Time, seconds

Figure 4. Effect of Discharge Time on Enclosure Pressure.

8 % v/v FM-200®; 445 mm heptane pan fire.

1.6
Max. Enclosure Pressure, iwc

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6
20 25 30 35 40 45
Leakage area, sq. in.

Figure 5. Effect of Leakage Area on Enclosure Pressure

7% FM-200®; 8 second discharge

4
The construction of the enclosure has been observed to affect the magnitude of the enclosure
pressures developed, as seen in Figures 6 and 7. The magnitude of enclosure pressure was
observed to be larger in an enclosure constructed of cinder block compared to a similar structure
constructed from gypsum wallboard and 2x4 studs. This was attributed to the greater flexibility
of the wallboard construction, which afforded a dampening of the pressure pulses.

Effect of Construction on Enclosure Pressure

7% v/v FM-200; 8 s Discharge; Positive Pressure
1.8
Cinder Block
1.6
W allboard
1.4
inches water

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
25 35 45

mlr 4/97 Leakage Area, sq. in.

Figure 6. Effect of Construction on Maximum

Positive Enclosure Pressure

Effect of Construction on Enclosure Pressure

7% v/v FM-200; 8 s Discharge; Negative Pressure
1.8
Cinder Block
1.6
Wallboard
1.4
inches water

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
25 35 45

mlr 4/97 Leakage Area, sq. in.

Figure 7. Effect of Construction on Maximum

Negative Enclosure Pressure

5
The fire size has been observed to have a large influence on the enclosure pressure as shown in
Figures 8 and 9. An increase in fire size results in an increase in the magnitude of both the
positive and negative pressure pulses associated with the discharge of a halocarbon-based agent.

5
Maximum Positive Pressure, iwc

4

1
No Fire PVC cable 300 mm Pan 445 mm Pan

Figure 8. Effect of Fire Size on Maximum Positive

Enclosure Pressure; 7 % FM-200®

0
Maximum Negative Pressure, iwc

-0.5

-1
-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5
-4
No Fire PVC Cable 300 mm Pan 445 mm Pan

Figure 9. Effect of Fire Size on Maximum Negative

Enclosure Pressure; 7% FM-200®

6
PRESSURE DYNAMICS: MODELING

The inert gas-type clean agents are all based on ideal gases. Calculation of enclosure pressures
can be accomplished by assuming ideal gas behavior, and venting information is available from
the agent manufacturers to allow for the calculation of the vent sizes required to ensure enclosure
pressurization does not occur. The halocarbon-based clean agents, however, do not behave as
ideal gases, and the prediction of enclosure pressures developed upon their discharge is a much
more difficult challenge than in the case of the inert gas clean agents.

A model for use in predicting the enclosure pressures developed during the discharge of a clean
fire suppression agent, either inert gas or halocarbon-type, into an enclosed space had been
previously developed by Hughes Associates, Inc. [4]. The model utilizes a mass balance, an
energy balance and the Soave modification of the Redlich- Kwong equation of state. This model
also utilizes the Hughes Associates, Inc (HAI) Clean Agent flow model to provide the required
flow rate and thermodynamic state of the agent and super-pressurizing nitrogen as they enter the
enclosure. The model assumes instantaneous mixing throughout the enclosure and complete
vaporization of the agent.

In comparison with experimental data, this early model has a tendency to accurately predict
pressures for small enclosures (on the order of 400 ft3), but over-predicts the negative pressure
pulse and under-predicts the positive pressure pulse in larger enclosures (on the order of 3,500
ft3). This was believed to be due to the neglecting of heat transfer to the vaporizing liquid agent
as it comes into contact with the ceiling near the nozzle location.

In order to account for this heat uptake, a sub-model was added to the program. The portion of
the ceiling and the amount of the agent liquid that was involved in this heat transfer was
estimated based upon the liquid flow rate and pressure at the nozzle. A lumped heat capacity-
based energy balance was applied to the involved section of the ceiling to account for the
reduction in heat transfer over time due to the temperature reduction of the ceiling section. With
the addition of the sub-model, pressures in the larger enclosures were accurately predicted.
However, for the smaller enclosures, the sub-model had to be defeated/removed to regain
accurate predictions.

In order to obtain accurate predictions for a wide range of enclosure sizes, a set of experiments
involving the discharge of FM-200® were designed to allow for the development of an improved
correlation for the portion of the ceiling and the amount of agent liquid involved in this enhanced
heat transfer process. The experimental program examined the effect of the following variables
on the enclosure pressure dynamics:

• Nozzle to ceiling distance

• Nozzle to wall distance
• Average nozzle pressure
• Liquid flow rate

7
Based upon the experimental results, a correlation was developed relating the portion of the
ceiling and the amount of the agent liquid involved in heat transfer to the liquid flow rate and
pressure at the nozzle, and the distance between the nozzle and the walls of the enclosure.

Table 1 compares the peak pressure values predicted by the enhanced model with experimentally
measured values. For fill densities above approximately 35 lb/ft3, the enhanced model predicts
the maximum and minimum enclosure pressures to within approximately 0.5 iwc of the
experimentally observed values. Figure 10 compares the predicted enclosure pressure with the
experimentally observed enclosure pressure for the discharge of 8% v/v FM-200® in a 3355 ft3
(95 m3) enclosure employing gypsum wallboard and 2x4 stud construction, and characterized by
a leakage area of 43 in2.

Enclosure Pressure 43 in2 leakage 8% FM-200

1.50

1.00

0.50
Enclosure Pressure (iwc)

Predicted
0.00
Experimental

-0.50

-1.00

-1.50
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
Time (sec)

Figure 10. Predicted and Experimental Enclosure Pressures

GEP9; 8% FM-200®; 8 s discharge; wallboard/2x4 construction

8
Table 1. Prediction of Enclosure Pressures. FM-200®

Predicted Experimental Max. Enclosure Predicted Experimental Min. Enclosure

Enclosure Enclosure Leakage Max. Max. Pressure Min. Min. Pressure
Volume Height Area Conc. Enclosure P Enclosure P Pred - Exp Enclosure P Enclosure P Pred - Exp
TestName ft^3 ft ft^2 % v/v iwc iwc iwc iwc iwc iwc

GS50 UL2166 pl. sheets in 8'x8'x10' 517 9.8 0.10 4.9 0.20 0.55 -0.35 -0.61 -1.15 0.54
GS55 UL2166 pl. sheets in 8'x8'x10' 517 9.8 0.10 5.4 0.16 0.46 -0.30 -0.66 -1.18 0.52
GS58 UL2166 pl. sheets in 8'x8'x10' 517 9.8 0.10 5.7 0.15 0.32 -0.17 -0.72 -0.95 0.23
GS65 UL2166 pl. sheets in 8'x8'x10' 517 9.8 0.10 6.4 0.18 0.48 -0.30 -0.84 -1.01 0.17
GS70 UL2166 pl. sheets in 8'x8'x10' 517 9.8 0.10 6.9 0.20 0.51 -0.32 -0.88 -1.04 0.16
GLEP7-35 ElDO Pressure Tests 3011 9.8 0.24 7.0 1.42 1.00 0.42 -1.26 -1.00 -0.26
GLEP7-43 ElDO Pressure Tests 3011 9.8 0.30 7.0 1.13 0.80 0.33 -0.97 -1.00 0.03
GLEP8-35 ElDO Pressure Tests 3011 9.8 0.24 8.1 1.72 1.30 0.42 -1.26 -1.10 -0.16
GLEP8-43 ElDO Pressure Tests 3011 9.8 0.30 8.1 1.38 1.20 0.18 -0.98 -0.90 -0.08
GLEP9-35 ElDO Pressure Tests 3011 9.8 0.24 9.2 1.80 1.60 0.20 -1.23 -1.40 0.17
GLEP9-43 ElDO Pressure Tests 3011 9.8 0.30 9.2 1.43 1.30 0.13 -0.97 -1.20 0.23
Hygood-3 IMO telltales 17640 16.4 1.80 7.4 1.21 1.21 0.00 -0.61 -0.60 -0.01
KF-180 IMO telltales 17640 16.4 1.80 6.9 0.46 0.80 -0.35 -0.24 -0.40 0.17
G12EP6 HAI Fall 2004 3591 12.0 0.31 5.9 0.40 0.21 0.19 -0.94 -1.23 0.29
G12EP8 HAI Fall 2004 3591 12.0 0.31 5.9 0.40 0.24 0.16 -0.94 -1.14 0.20
G12EP10 HAI Fall 2004 3591 12.0 0.31 5.9 0.40 0.19 0.21 -0.94 -1.07 0.13
GP16F9 HAI Fall 2004 3505 16.0 0.32 6.0 0.34 0.29 0.05 -0.90 -0.60 -0.30
GP16F10 HAI Fall 2004 3505 16.0 0.32 6.0 0.34 0.27 0.07 -0.90 -0.65 -0.25
GP16F11 HAI Fall 2004 3505 16.0 0.32 6.0 0.34 0.31 0.03 -0.90 -0.60 -0.30
G12EP11 HAI Fall 2004 1344 12.0 0.22 7.0 0.34 0.30 0.04 -1.03 -0.73 -0.30
G12EP12 HAI Fall 2004 1344 12.0 0.22 7.0 0.34 0.29 0.05 -1.03 -0.87 -0.16
G12EP13 HAI Fall 2004 1344 12.0 0.22 7.0 0.34 0.29 0.05 -1.03 -0.83 -0.20

concrete block

GLEP7-41 GEP28 1.19 1.30 -0.11 -1.03 -1.40 0.37

GLEP8-41 GEP22 1.45 1.40 0.05 -1.04 -1.40 0.36

GEP27 1.45 1.29 0.16 -1.04 -1.58 0.54

GEP32 1.79 1.59 0.20 -1.65 -1.59 -0.06

9
ENCLOSURE STRENGTHS

The ability to accurately predict enclosure pressures resulting from clean agent discharges is of
practical use only if the strength of the enclosure with respect to the maximum pressure it can
accommodate is known. NFPA 12 (Carbon Dioxide) indicates, without explanation, that “light”
construction can tolerate 25 psf of pressure and that “normal” construction can tolerate 50 psf.
These values are apparently based on resistance to wind, and no definition of “light” or “normal”
construction is provided in NFPA 12. A “rule of thumb” currently encountered in the field is a
maximum pressure of 5 psf. This figure is apparently based on building code requirements for
interior wall partitions subject to normal use.

A previous analysis by Harry, et. al. [2] of various structural elements indicated that the
pressures developed during discharge of FM-200® are less than the yield strengths of structural
members generally used in applications protected by FM-200® systems (interior, no-load bearing
framing or partition studs).

Strength comparisons of concrete, masonry, and wood construction are available from
construction material suppliers. Table 2, for example, shows the pressure limitations (based on
wind loading) for several structural components [5]. In general, it can be observed that typical
construction can tolerate at least 10 psf pressure. This is in agreement with observations made at
Hughes Associates, Inc. during the discharge of clean agents in test enclosures employing 2x4
wood studs or steel studs and wallboard construction in enclosure of up to 16 feet in height:
minor enclosure damage (i.e., the development of small cracks in the structure) do not occur until
enclosure pressures exceed approximately 10 psf.

CONCLUSION

By accounting for the heat transfer to the vaporizing liquid agent as it comes into contact with
the ceiling near the nozzle location, we have been able to refine our enclosure pressure model to
allow for the accurate prediction of enclosure pressures developed during the discharge of the
clean agent FM-200®. Maximum positive and negative enclosure pressures have been predicted
to within 0.5 iwc for structures of various configuration. Combined with a knowledge of the
strength of an enclosure with regard to pressurization, the use of the pressure model ensures the
proper and safe design of FM-200® suppression systems.

10
Table 2. Strength of Walls. Exterior Wall, 10 Feet Tall [5]

Maximum Allowable
Wall Type Pressure
(psf)
2x4 stud @ 16” OC 13
2x6 stud @ 16” OC 32
2x8 stud @ 16” OC 56
2x10 stud @ 16” OC 90
6” masonry reinforced 41
8” masonry reinforced 57
10” masonry reinforced 74
12’ masonry reinforced 91
4” concrete reinforced 59
6” concrete reinforced 89
8” concrete reinforced 120
4” concrete unreinforced 29
6” concrete unreinforced 66
8” concrete unreinforced 117

REFERENCES

1. Robin, M.L., “Investigation of the Pressure Dynamics of FM-200 System Discharges,”

Proceedings of the 1997 Halon Options Technical Working Conference, May 6-8, 1997,
Albuquerque, NM.

2. Harry, L.D., Meltzer, J.S., and Robin, M.L., “Development of Room Pressure in the
Discharge of FM-200 Compared to the Strength of Various Structural Elements,”
Proceedings of the 1997 Halon Options Technical Working Conference, May 6-8, 1997,
Albuquerque, NM.

3. Senecal, J.A. and Prescott, R.C., “FM-200 Suppression Systems: A Conservative

Discharge Test Method and IN-Room Pressure Variance Upon Discharge,” Proceedings
of the 1997 Halon Options Technical Working Conference, Mat 6-8, 1997, Albuquerque,
NM.

4. DiNenno, P.J. and Forssell, E.W., “Evaluation of Alternative Agents for Use in Total
Flooding Fire Protection Systems,” NASA SBIR Phase II Final Report, NASA, Kennedy
Space Center, FL, 1994.
5. Technical Bulletin ICF No. 7004, “Concrete, Masonry, Wood Wall Strength
Comparisons, Feb. 1995 (revised March 1999), AFM Corporation.

11
second edition
PIPE DESIGN HANDBOOK

For Use With

Special Hazard

Fire Suppression

Systems
FSSA PDH-01

PIPE DESIGN HANDBOOK

For Use With

SPECIAL HAZARD

FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

Second Edition
August 2003

Fire Suppression Systems Association

5024-R Campbell Boulevard
Baltimore, Maryland 21236-5974

Phone: (410) 931-8100

Fax: (410) 931-8111
www.fssa.net

© 2003 by the Fire Suppression Systems Association. All Rights Reserved. No part of this
book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical
means, including photocopy, xerography, recording, or by use of any information or storage
and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher.
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION

Forward, Introduction & Definitions 1

Design Criteria 2

Pipe Pressure Tables 3

Pipe & Fittings- Rated Working Pressure 4

Special Requirements for Closed Sections of Piping 5

Pipe Supports and Hangers 6

APPENDIX A: Pipe Requirements for FSSA Equipment Manufacturers 7

Engineered Systems

APPENDIX B: Pipe Fittings for use in CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM 8

Piping

APPENDIX C: References 9

Page 1 of 1
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

FORWARD

The Fire Suppression Systems Association (FSSA) has developed this handbook to provide
guidance to system designers on how to apply the ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code in a uniform
and consistent manner, in order to determine the maximum allowable internal working pressure
for piping used in special hazard fire suppression systems.

The FSSA Technical Committee was assigned the task to address this issue. The resulting
document provides the necessary guidelines, along with supplemental information, to assist the
system designer in complying with the requirements specified in the applicable NFPA Standards
related to the Power Piping Code. This handbook is currently referenced in several of the NFPA
standards.

The first edition of this document was published in June 2001.

The second edition of the handbook was published in August 2003, and includes revisions to
Section 3, Appendix A, and Appendix C; along with the addition of new Section 6 and new
Appendix B.

CAUTION
This document provides general guidelines and is not intended to provide all information
necessary to determine equipment and material requirements for specific installations or
applications. Always refer to the equipment manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations,
along with other regulations and NFPA Standards that may apply.
Some limitations and restrictions apply. Please refer to the text and notes, which follow.
This document is subject to modifications. Users should obtain the latest version. The
Association, its members, and those participating in its activities accept no responsibility or
liability to any one for the completeness or use of, or reliance on this document, or for
compliance with the provisions herein.

Section 1 / Page 1 of 3
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This document provides general information and guidelines on the design of piping and tubing
systems for use with all types of special hazard fire suppression systems, where the ASME
B31.1 Power Piping Code is specified. This Guide follows the general design parameters of the
Power Piping Code, but has been modified similar to the accepted formats found in NFPA-12A
and NFPA-2001.

An expanded list of pressure Tables are found in Section 3. These Tables provide the system
designer with maximum allowable internal working pressures that have been pre-calculated for
various types of pipe and tubing materials and end connections.

In all cases, the pipe and fittings shall have a minimum rated working pressure equal to or
greater than the minimum piping design working pressure specified in Appendix A of this
document, for the agent being used.

1.1 DEFINITIONS

Some terms used in this document, related to pipe and tubing and supports / hangers are
defined below.

Brazing:
A metal joining process where fusion is produced by use of a nonferrous filler metal having a
melting point above 800oF (425oC) but lower than that of the base metals used. The filler metal
is distributed between the closely fitted surfaces of the joint by capillary action.

Butt Joint:
A joint between two members lying approximately in the same plane.

Filler Metal:
Metal that is added during welding, soldering, or brazing.

Full Fillet Weld:

A fillet weld whose size is equal to the thickness of the thinner member joined.

Maximum Allowable Stress (SE):

The maximum stress value that may be used in the design formulas for a given material and
design temperature. These valves are given in the Tables in Appendix A of the Power Piping
Code, and in Table 2-1 of this document; and include the longitudinal seam joint efficiency
factors.

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure:

The pressure at a coincident temperature to which the piping can be subjected without
exceeding the maximum allowable stress.

Section 1 / Page 2 of 3
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

Nominal Thickness:
The thickness given in the product material specification or standard, exclusive of
manufacturing tolerances.

Pipe and Tube:

The fundamental difference between pipe and tube is the dimensional standard to which each is
manufactured. For use in this document both have a round cross section.

A pipe is a tube of round cross section conforming to the dimensional requirements for
nominal pipe size as tabulated in ANSI B36.10.

A tube is a hollow product of round cross section that may be specified with respect to
any two, but not all three of the following: outside diameter, inside diameter, and wall
thickness. (Types K, L, and M copper tube may also be specified by nominal size and
type only).

Electric Resistance Welded Pipe and Tubing (ERW):

Pipe or tubing having a longitudinal butt joint where fusion is produced by the heat obtained
from resistance to the flow of electric current in a circuit of which the pipe/tubing is a part, and
by the application of pressure.

Furnace Butt Welded Pipe:

Pipe having its longitudinal butt joint forge welded by mechanical pressure developed in drawing
the furnace heated metal through a cone shaped die which serves as a combined forming and
welding die.

Electric Fusion Welded Pipe:

Pipe having a longitudinal butt joint where fusion is produced in the preformed metal by manual
or automatic arc welding. The weld may be made with or without the use of filler metal.

Seamless Pipe:
Pipe produced by several methods that result in a round pipe that does not have a longitudinal
seam.

Soldering:
A metal joining process where fusion is produced by heating to a suitable temperature and by
using a nonferrous alloy that melts at temperatures below 800oF (425oC) and having a melting
point below that of the base metals being used.

Rigid Support:
The method of securing pipe or tubing to walls, ceiling structures or columns to prevent
movement in any direction.

Intermediate Support:
The method of supporting piping or tubing to counter the force of gravity. The supports are
normally located between rigid supports, but are not intended to counter longitudinal or lateral
sway, or as bracing against thrusts associated with changes in direction.

Section 1 / Page 3 of 3
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

2.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

All calculations to determine the maximum allowable working pressure for various types of pipe
and tubing, shall be based on the ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code, 1998 edition, (including
B31.1a 1999 Addenda; & B31.1b 2000 Addenda); and as modified herein for use in all types of
special hazard fire suppression systems:

The criteria specified follows the basic format found in NFPA-12A and NFPA-2001, and covers
pressure-temperature ratings for allowable stress, longitudinal joint efficiencies, end connection
factors, and other allowances and limitations used in the design of actuation and distribution
system piping.

2.1 Limitations established for pipe and tubing, used in special hazard fire suppression
systems, are set by:
(Note: Where the word “pipe” is used it is understood to also mean “tubing”).

(a) Maximum pressure expected in the pipe, or as specified in the applicable NFPA
Standard.
(b) Materials of construction of the pipe, tensile strength, yield strength, and temperature
limitations of the material.
(c) End connection joining methods, (e.g. threaded, welded, grooved, etc.).
(d) Pipe construction method, (e.g. seamless, ERW, furnace welded, etc.).
(e) Pipe diameter.
(f) Pipe wall thickness.
(g) Cast iron pipe, steel pipe conforming to ASTM A-120, aluminum pipe, or non-metallic
pipe, shall not be used.

2.2 The calculations are based on the following:

(a) The appropriate maximum allowable stress value (SE) shall be taken from Appendix
A of the Power Piping Code (PPC).
(b) The SE values taken from Appendix A of the Power Piping Code shall be based on a
temperature of not less than +130oF for the material being used.

Note: 130oF designation is based on the maximum operating temperature of most

listed/approved fire suppression systems.

(c) For piping, the calculations cover threaded, welded, brazed, rolled and cut groove,
end connections.
(d) For tubing, the calculations cover using compression or flare fittings; or welded,
brazed, or soldered end connections.
(e) Materials covered in the calculations include steel pipe and tubing, stainless steel
pipe and tubing, and copper tubing.
(f) Other metallic pipe and tubing can be used, provided that the appropriate SE values,
wall thickness, and end connection factors are substituted.

Section 2 / Page 1 of 5
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

2.3 DESIGN CALCULATIONS

The basic equation to be used to calculate the maximum allowable working pressure for
piping/tubing subject to internal pressure is:

P = 2SE (t-A)/D EQ #1

Where:

t = nominal wall thickness (inches)

D = outside diameter of pipe or tubing (inches)
P = maximum allowable working pressure (psig)
SE = maximum allowable stress [including longitudinal seam joint efficiency] (psi)
A = allowance for threading, grooving, etc. (inches).
NOTE: For these calculations:
A = depth of thread for threaded connections
A = depth of groove for cut groove connections
A = zero for welded or rolled groove connections
A = zero for joints in tubing using compression or flare fittings; or brazed
or welded end connections

The term SE is generally defined as 1/4 of the tensile strength of the piping material or 2/3
of the yield strength (whichever is lower) multiplied by a longitudinal seam joint efficiency
factor, as noted below.

Joint efficiency factors are:

1.00 for seamless
0.85 for ERW (electric resistance welded)
0.60 for furnace butt weld (continuous weld) (Class F)

When A=0 the basic equation can be further simplified to:

P = (2tSE)/D EQ #2

Section 2 / Page 2 of 5
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

2.4 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS (SE) VALUES

The majority of special hazard fire suppression systems have piping systems that are not
normally pressurized. In addition, most of these systems have discharge times that are
considerably less than 60 minutes in duration, and therefore satisfy the criteria where the
SE values can be increased by 20% when calculating the maximum allowable working
pressures.

To directly address the most common type of systems, the maximum allowable working
pressures shown in the pipe pressure Tables in Section 3, use SE values that have been
increased by 20% for use with piping not normally pressurized. The 20% increase is
only valid where the duration of system discharge is limited to 60 minutes at any one time.

Reference Information

Paragraph 102.2.4 of the ASME B31.1b-2000 Addenda to the Power Piping Code,
recognizes that the piping system shall be considered safe under conditions where
the piping may be subjected to short periods of higher design pressure or
temperature. For this situation the ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code allows the
maximum allowable stress to be exceeded by:
(a) 15% increase in allowable stress, if the event duration occurs for no more
than eight hours (480 minutes) at any one time, and no more than 800
hours/year, or
(b) 20% increase in allowable stress, if the event duration occurs for no more
than 1 hour (60 minutes) at any one time, and no more than 80 hours/year.

Table 2-1 gives values for SE as taken from Appendix A of the ASME B31.1, Power Piping
Code, along with SE values increased by 20% for use in the calculations.

CAUTION
The SE values used in the calculations are also limited to the maximum temperatures
shown in Table 2-1. If higher temperatures are anticipated, then the SE values must
be reduced to agree with the values shown in Appendix A of the Power Piping Code at
the higher temperature for the piping materials being used.

Section 2 / Page 3 of 5
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 2-1

SE Value
Pipe or ASTM Spec (psi) (oF) SE Value
Tube Material Taken From Temperature Increased 20%
Appendix A Range (psi)
ASME B31.1
Steel Pipe
Seamless A 106 Gr. C 17500 -20 to +650 21000
Seamless A 53 Gr. B 15000 -20 to +650 18000
Seamless A 106 Gr. B 15000 -20 to +650 18000
Seamless A 53 Gr. A 12000 -20 to +650 14400
Seamless A 106 Gr. A 12000 -20 to +650 14400
ERW A 53 Gr. B 12800 -20 to +650 15360
ERW A 53 Gr. A 10200 -20 to +650 12240
Furnace Welded A 53 Gr. F 7200 -20 to +650 8640
Stainless Steel Pipe
Type 304 Seamless A 312 15700 -20 to +200 18840
Type 304 Welded A 312 13300 -20 to +200 15960
Type 304L Seamless A 312 13400 -20 to +200 16080
Type 304L Welded A 312 11400 -20 to +200 13680
Type 316 Seamless A 312 16200 -20 to +200 19440
Type 316 Welded A 312 13800 -20 to +200 16560
Type 316L Seamless A 312 13300 -20 to +200 15960
Type 316L Welded A 312 11300 -20 to +200 13560
Steel Tubing
Seamless A 179 11800 -20 to +650 14160
ERW A 178 Gr. A 10000 -20 to +650 12000
ERW A 178 Gr. C 12800 -20 to +650 15360
Stainless Steel Tubing
Type 304 Seamless A 213, A 269 15700 -20 to +200 18840
Type 304 ERW A 249, A 269 13300 -20 to +200 15960
Type 304L Seamless A 213, A 269 13400 -20 to +200 16080
Type 304L ERW A 249, A 269 11400 -20 to +200 13680
Type 316 Seamless A 213, A 269 16200 -20 to +200 19440
Type 316 ERW A 249, A 269 13800 -20 to +200 16560
Type 316L Seamless A 213, A 269 13300 -20 to +200 15960
Type 316L ERW A 249, A 269 11300 -20 to +200 13560
Copper Tubing
Seamless, Annealed B 88, B 280 5100 -20 to +150 6120
Seamless, Drawn B 88, B 280 9000 -20 to +250 10800

Section 2 / Page 4 of 5
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

2.5 MULTIPLICATION FACTORS

To determine the maximum allowable working pressure for other type of systems (such as
where the piping is under continuous pressure, or for systems having longer discharge
times), the values of maximum allowable working pressure, shown in the Tables of Section
3, shall be reduced using the applicable multiplication factor shown below.

System Piping Multiply By

• For piping under continuous pressure 0.8333

• For discharge times between 60 and 480 minutes 0.9583

Section 2 / Page 5 of 5
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

3.0 PIPE PRESSURE TABLES

The following Tables provide values of maximum allowable working pressure for various types
of pipe and tubing. These values have been calculated using the formulae, SE values and end
connections shown in:

• Section 2.3 and Equations #1 and #2.

• Table 2-1

• Table 3-1: Steel Pipe with Threaded End Connections.

• Table 3-2: Steel Pipe with Rolled Groove or Welded End Connections.
• Table 3-3: Steel Pipe with Cut Groove End Connections.
• Table 3-4: Stainless Steel Pipe with Threaded End Connections.
• Table 3-5: Stainless Steel Pipe with Welded End Connections.
• Table 3-6: Steel Tubing with Welded, Brazed, Flare, or Compression Fitting Ends.
• Table 3-7: Stainless Steel Tubing with Welded, Brazed, Flare, or Compression Fitting Ends.
• Table 3-8: ASTM B-88 Seamless Copper Water Tubing with Brazed, Soldered, Flare, or
Compression Fitting Ends. (Annealed and Drawn Tempers).
• Table 3-9: ASTM B-280 Seamless Copper Refrigeration Tubing with Brazed, Soldered, Flare or
Compression Fitting Ends. (Annealed and Drawn Tempers).

CAUTIONS
a. The values of maximum allowable working pressure, shown in Tables 3-1 to 3-9, have
been calculated subject to the following limitations:
• The pipe/tubing system is not normally pressurized.
• System discharge time does not exceed 60 minutes in duration.
• The pipe/tubing is not normally exposed to ambient temperatures that exceed the
temperature limitations shown in Table 2-1, for the material being used.
b. If the pipe/tubing system is subjected to higher ambient temperatures for a specific
application, then the SE values and the resultant maximum allowable working pressures,
must be reduced to agree with the lower SE values coincident with the higher
temperatures for the material being used. The SE values and temperature data are
found in Appendix A of the Power Piping Code.
c. For pipe/tubing normally under continuous pressure, or for systems having longer
discharge times, the values of maximum allowable working pressure shown in Tables 3-1
to 3-9, shall be reduced using the following multiplication factors:
Multiply By

• For pipe/tubing under continuous pressure: 0.8333

• For discharge times between 60 and 480 minutes: 0.9583

Section 3 / Page 1 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

3.1 HOW TO USE THE TABLES

The following examples provide typical procedures that can be used to select the proper pipe/tubing
for use in a specific application, where the ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code is specified.

3.1.1
Example #1: High Pressure CO2 System, using stainless steel tubing for the distribution
piping. (Note: NFPA-12, 2000 Edition, section 1-10.1.4 specifies that the minimum pipe design
pressure shall be 2,800 psi when using this material)

Given:
• The pipe/tubing is not normally pressurized.
• There are no stop valves between the agent containers and the nozzles.
• The discharge time is less than 60 minutes.
• The application requires that Type 304 seamless or welded (ERW) stainless steel tubing be
used.
• Tubing Size = 1” OD
• Minimum design pressure specified: 2,800 psi
• Use either flare or compression type tubing fittings (A=0).
• Maximum ambient temperature that the tubing will normally be exposed to: +120oF.

Find:
• Minimum wall thickness capable of withstanding a minimum allowable working pressure of
2,800 psi.

Procedure:

a. Check Table 2-1 for Type 304 stainless steel tubing. Note that the SE values are
acceptable for temperatures up to +200oF. This satisfies the requirement of +120oF.
b. Go to Table 3-7, titled “Stainless Steel Tubing with Welded, Brazed, Flared or Compression
Fitting Ends (A=0)”.
c. For 1” tube size, look under the Type 304 seamless and welded columns for wall thickness’
where the calculated working pressure is 2,800 psi or greater.
d. Inspection of Table 3-7 shows that the following sizes are acceptable:
• 1’” OD x 0.083” wall thickness (or greater) Type 304 seamless tubing is acceptable.
or:
• 1” OD x 0.095” wall thickness (or greater) Type 304 welded (ERW) tubing is acceptable.
e. Check with tubing supplier(s) for commercially available sizes and wall thickness.
f. Check with tubing fitting manufacturer(s) for pressure ratings of fittings.

Section 3 / Page 2 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

3.1.2
Example #2: 360 psi HFC-227ea Clean Agent System using threaded steel pipe.

Given:
• The piping is not normally pressurized.
• There are no stop valves between the agent containers and the nozzles.
• The discharge time is less than 60 minutes.
• The application allows the use of seamless, welded, or furnace welded steel pipe with
threaded end connections.
• Pipe sizes: 2” and 3” schedule 40.
• Minimum pipe design pressure: 416 psi. [This value obtained from NFPA-2001, 2000
edition, Table 2-2.1.1(b) for HFC-227ea at 72 Lb/Ft3 fill density].
• Use threaded fittings.
• Maximum ambient temperature that the pipe will normally be exposed to: +130oF.

Find:
• The types and grades of sch.40 steel pipe that can be used in both 2” and 3” sizes.

Procedure:

a. Check Table 2-1 for steel pipe. Note that the SE values are acceptable for temperatures
up to +650oF. This satisfies the requirement of +130oF.
b. Go to Table 3-1, titled “Steel Pipe with Threaded End Connections (A = thread depth)”.
Look in the sch. 40 section.
c. Look across the rows for 2” and 3” sizes, for the grades and types of steel pipe where
the calculated maximum allowable working pressures are equal to or greater than 416
psi.
d. Inspection shows that, for the 2” and 3” pipe sizes, all grades and types of sch. 40 steel
pipe are acceptable. (Note: Further inspection shows for this example, that all grades
and types of sch. 40 steel pipe can be used in all sizes up to 8” NPS).
e. Check pipe suppliers for commercial availability.
f. Check pressure rating of the threaded fittings to be used.

3.1.3
General Notes:
Note 1: When using copper tubing with brazed or soldered connections, the maximum
allowable stress (SE) must be based on the annealed value.

Note 2: Pipe supplied as dual stenciled A120/A53 Class F, meets the requirements of
Class F furnace welded ASTM A 53 as listed in Table 2-1.

Section 3 / Page 3 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-1
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Steel Pipe with Threaded End Connections (A = thread depth)
A-53B A-53A
NPS Wall “A” Grade: A-106C A-106B A-53B A-106A A-53A A-53F
Pipe Thick. Dim. Type: Smls. Smls. ERW Smls. ERW Furnace
Size (t) SE: 21000 18000 15360 14400 12240 8640
1/4 0.088 0.044 3422 2933 2503 2347 1995 1408
3/8 0.091 0.044 2924 2507 2139 2005 1704 1202
1/2 0.109 0.057 2593 2222 1896 1778 1511 1067
3/4 0.113 0.057 2234 1915 1634 1532 1302 919
1 0.133 0.070 2026 1736 1482 1390 1181 833
1-1/4 0.140 0.070 1782 1528 1304 1222 1038 732
Sch. 1-1/2 0.145 0.070 1667 1429 1220 1144 972 686
40 2 0.154 0.070 1494 1280 1093 1025 871 615
2-1/2 0.203 0.100 1505 1290 1100 1032 877 618
3 0.216 0.100 1392 1193 1018 954 811 572
4 0.237 0.100 1278 1096 935 876 745 526
5 0.258 0.100 1193 1022 872 818 693 490
6 0.280 0.100 1141 978 834 782 664 469
8 0.322 0.100 1081 926 790 740 630 444
1/4 0.119 0.044 5833 5000 4267 4000 3400 2400
3/8 0.126 0.044 5102 4373 3732 3499 2974 2099
1/2 0.147 0.057 4493 3851 3286 3080 2618 1848
3/4 0.154 0.057 3874 3320 2833 2657 2258 1593
1 0.179 0.070 3495 2996 2556 2397 2037 1437
1-1/4 0.191 0.070 3073 2634 2248 2107 1792 1264
1-1/2 0.200 0.070 2883 2472 2110 1978 1681 1186
Sch. 2 0.218 0.070 2625 2250 1920 1800 1530 1080
80 2-1/2 0.276 0.100 2571 2204 1882 1764 1499 1058
3 0.300 0.100 2400 2057 1756 1645 1399 986
4 0.337 0.100 2212 1896 1618 1517 1289 909
5 0.375 0.100 2076 1780 1518 1423 1210 853
6 0.432 0.100 2105 1804 1540 1442 1226 865
8 0.500 0.100 1948 1669 1424 1336 1135 801
4 0.437 0.100 3145 2696 2301 2157 1833 1293
Sch. 5 0.500 0.100 3020 2589 2209 2071 1760 1242
120 6 0.562 0.100 2929 2510 2142 2008 1707 1204
8 0.718 0.100 3009 2579 2201 2064 1754 1237
1/2 0.187 0.057 6500 5571 4754 4457 3789 2674
3/4 0.218 0.057 6440 5520 4710 4416 3754 2649
1 0.250 0.070 5749 4928 4205 3942 3351 2365
1-1/4 0.250 0.070 4554 3904 3331 3123 2654 1874
1-1/2 0.281 0.070 4664 3998 3412 3198 2719 1918
Sch. 2 0.343 0.070 4828 4138 3531 3310 2814 1986
160 2-1/2 0.375 0.100 4017 3443 2938 2755 2342 1652
3 0.437 0.100 4044 3466 2958 2773 2357 1663
4 0.531 0.100 4023 3448 2942 2758 2345 1654
5 0.625 0.100 3964 3397 2899 2718 2310 1630
6 0.718 0.100 3918 3358 2866 2687 2284 1611
8 0.906 0.100 3925 3364 2871 2691 2288 1614

Note: All dimensions are in inches.

Section 3 / Page 4 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-1 (Continued)

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Steel Pipe With Threaded End Connections (A = thread depth)

A-53B
NPS Wall “A” Grade: A-106B
Pipe Thick. Dim. Type: Smls.
Size (t) SE: 18000
1/2 0.294 .057 10157
3/4 0.308 .057 8606
1 0.358 .070 7884
1-1/4 0.382 .070 6766
1-1/2 0.400 .070 6253
XXS 2 0.436 .070 5548
2-1/2 0.552 .100 5660
3 0.600 .100 5143
4 0.674 .100 4592
5 0.750 .100 4206
6 0.864 .100 4152
8 0.875 .100 3235

Note: All dimensions are in inches

Section 3 / Page 5 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-2
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Steel Pipe with Rolled Groove or Welded End Connections (A = 0)

A-53B A-53A
NPS Wall Grade: A-106C A-106B A-53B A-106A A-53A A-53F
Pipe Thick. Type: Smls. Smls. ERW Smls. ERW Furnace
Size (t) SE: 21000 18000 15360 14400 12240 8640
1/4 0.088 6844 5866 5006 4693 3989 2816
3/8 0.091 5662 4853 4145 3883 3300 2329
1/2 0.109 5450 4672 3986 3737 3176 2242
3/4 0.113 4520 3875 3306 3100 2634 1860
1 0.133 4248 3641 3107 2912 2475 1747
1-1/4 0.140 3542 3036 2591 2429 2064 1457
1-1/2 0.145 3205 2747 2344 2197 1868 1319
Sch. 2 0.154 2723 2334 1992 1867 1588 1120
40 2-1/2 0.203 2965 2542 2168 2033 1728 1220
3 0.216 2592 2221 1896 1777 1511 1066
4 0.237 2212 1896 1618 1516 1289 909
5 0.258 1948 1669 1424 1336 1135 801
6 0.280 1775 1522 1298 1217 1034 730
8 0.322 1568 1344 1147 1075 914 644
1/4 0.119 9256 7933 6770 6347 5395 3807
3/8 0.126 7840 6720 5734 5376 4570 3225
1/2 0.147 7350 6300 5376 5040 4284 3024
3/4 0.154 6160 5280 4506 4224 3590 2534
1 0.179 5717 4900 4182 3920 3332 2351
1-1/4 0.191 4833 4142 3535 3314 2816 1988
1-1/2 0.200 4421 3789 3234 3032 2576 1819
Sch. 2 0.218 3855 3304 2820 2644 2248 1586
80 2-1/2 0.276 4032 3456 2949 2765 2350 1659
3 0.300 3600 3086 2633 2469 2098 1417
4 0.337 3145 2696 2301 2157 1834 1295
5 0.375 3831 2427 2071 1941 1650 1164
6 0.432 2739 2347 2003 1878 1596 1126
8 0.500 2435 2087 1781 1670 1420 1001
4 0.437 4079 3496 2983 2797 2377 1678
Sch. 5 0.500 3775 3236 2761 2589 2200 1553
120 6 0.562 3563 3054 2606 2443 2077 1465
8 0.718 3496 2997 2557 2397 2038 1438
1/2 0.187 9350 8014 6839 6411 5450 3846
3/4 0.218 8720 7474 6378 5979 5083 3587
1 0.250 7985 6844 5840 5475 4654 3285
1-1/4 0.250 6325 5422 4627 4337 3687 2602
1-1/2 0.281 6212 5324 4543 4259 3620 2556
Sch. 2 0.343 6066 5199 4437 4159 3535 2496
160 2-1/2 0.375 5478 4696 4007 3757 3193 2254
3 0.437 5244 4495 3836 3596 3057 2157
4 0.531 4956 4248 3625 3398 2889 2039
5 0.625 4719 4045 3451 3236 2750 1941
6 0.718 4552 3902 3329 3121 2653 1873
8 0.906 4412 3782 3227 3025 2571 1814

Note: All dimensions are in inches.

Section 3 / Page 6 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-2 (Continued)

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Steel Pipe With Welded End Connections (A = 0)

A-53B
NPS Wall Grade: A-106B
Pipe Thick. Type: Smls.
Size (t) SE: 18000
1/2 0.294 12600
3/4 0.308 10560
1 0.358 9801
1-1/4 0.382 8284
1-1/2 0.400 7579
XXS 2 0.436 6609
2-1/2 0.552 6912
3 0.600 6171
4 0.674 5392
5 0.750 4853
6 0.864 4695
8 0.875 3652

Note: All dimensions are in inches

Section 3 / Page 7 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-3
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Steel Pipe with Cut Groove End Connections (A = Groove Depth)

A-53B A-53A
NPS Wall "A" Grade: A-106C A-106B A-53B A-106A A-53A A-53F
Pipe OD Thick. Dim. Type: Smls. Smls. ERW Smls. ERW Furnace
Size (t) SE: 21000 18000 15360 14400 12240 8640
1/2 0.840 0.109 0.056 2650 2271 1938 1817 1545 1090
3/4 1.050 0.113 0.056 2280 1954 1668 1563 1329 938
1 1.315 0.133 0.063 2236 1916 1635 1533 1303 920
1 1/4 1.660 0.140 0.063 1948 1670 1425 1336 1136 802
Sch. 1 1/2 1.900 0.145 0.063 1813 1554 1326 1243 1057 746
40 2 2.375 0.154 0.063 1609 1379 1177 1103 938 662
2 1/2 2.875 0.203 0.078 1826 1565 1336 1252 1064 751
3 3.500 0.216 0.078 1656 1419 1211 1136 965 681
4 4.500 0.237 0.083 1437 1232 1051 986 838 591
5 5.563 0.258 0.084 1314 1126 961 901 766 540
6 6.625 0.280 0.085 1236 1060 904 848 721 509
8 8.625 0.322 0.092 1120 960 819 768 653 461
1/2 0.840 0.147 0.056 4550 3900 3328 3120 2652 1872
3/4 1.050 0.154 0.056 3920 3360 2867 2688 2285 1613
1 1.315 0.179 0.063 3705 3176 2710 2541 2159 1524
1 1/4 1.660 0.191 0.063 3239 2776 2369 2221 1888 1332
1 1/2 1.900 0.200 0.063 3028 2596 2215 2077 1765 1246
Sch. 2 2.375 0.218 0.063 2741 2349 2005 1880 1598 1128
80 2 1/2 2.875 0.276 0.078 2893 2479 2116 1983 1686 1190
3 3.500 0.300 0.078 2664 2283 1949 1827 1553 1096
4 4.500 0.337 0.083 2371 2032 1734 1626 1382 975
5 5.563 0.375 0.084 2197 1883 1607 1507 1281 904
6 6.625 0.432 0.085 2200 1886 1609 1508 1282 905
8 8.625 0.500 0.092 1987 1703 1453 1362 1158 817
4 4.500 0.437 0.083 3304 2832 2417 2266 1926 1359
Sch. 5 5.563 0.500 0.084 3141 2692 2297 2154 1831 1292
120 6 6.625 0.562 0.085 3024 2592 2212 2074 1763 1244
8 8.625 0.718 0.092 3048 2613 2230 2090 1777 1254
1/2 0.840 0.187 0.056 6550 5614 4791 4491 3818 2695
3/4 1.050 0.218 0.056 6480 5554 4740 4443 3777 2666
1 1.315 0.250 0.063 5973 5119 4369 4096 3481 2457
1 1/4 1.660 0.250 0.063 4731 4055 3461 3244 2758 1947
1 1/2 1.900 0.281 0.063 4819 4131 3525 3304 2809 1983
Sch. 2 2.375 0.343 0.063 4952 4244 3622 3395 2886 2037
160 2 1/2 2.875 0.375 0.078 4339 3719 3174 2975 2529 1785
3 3.500 0.437 0.078 4308 3693 3151 2954 2511 1772
4 4.500 0.531 0.083 4181 3584 3058 2867 2437 1720
5 5.563 0.625 0.084 4084 3501 2988 2801 2381 1680
6 6.625 0.718 0.085 4013 3440 2935 2752 2339 1651
8 8.625 0.906 0.092 3964 3398 2899 2718 2310 1631

Note: Maximum allowable pressure may be limited by the fitting used.

All dimensions are in inches.
Section 3 / Page 8 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-4
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Stainless Steel Pipe with Threaded End Connections (A = Thread Depth)

A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312

NPS Wall "A" Grade: 304 304 304L 304L 316 316 316L 316L
Pipe OD Thick. Dim. Type: Smls. Welded Smls. Welded Smls. Welded Smls. Welded
Size (t) SE: 18840 15960 16080 13680 19440 16560 15960 13560
1/4 0.540 0.088 0.044 3070 2601 2620 2229 3168 2699 2601 2210
3/8 0.675 0.091 0.044 2624 2223 2239 1905 2707 2306 2223 1888
1/2 0.840 0.109 0.057 2333 1976 1991 1694 2407 2050 1976 1679
3/4 1.050 0.113 0.057 2010 1702 1715 1459 2074 1766 1702 1446
1 1.315 0.133 0.070 1805 1529 1541 1311 1863 1587 1529 1299
1 1/4 1.660 0.140 0.070 1589 1346 1356 1154 1640 1397 1346 1144
Sch. 1 1/2 1.900 0.145 0.070 1487 1260 1269 1080 1535 1307 1260 1071
40 2 2.375 0.154 0.070 1333 1129 1137 968 1375 1171 1129 959
2 1/2 2.875 0.203 0.100 1350 1144 1152 980 1393 1187 1144 972
3 3.500 0.216 0.100 1249 1058 1066 907 1289 1098 1058 899
4 4.500 0.237 0.100 1147 972 979 833 1184 1008 972 826
5 5.563 0.258 0.100 1070 907 913 777 1104 941 907 770
6 6.625 0.280 0.100 1024 867 874 743 1056 900 867 737
8 8.625 0.322 0.100 970 822 828 704 1001 852 822 698
1/4 0.540 0.119 0.044 5233 4433 4467 3800 5400 4600 4433 3767
3/8 0.675 0.126 0.044 4577 3878 3907 3324 4723 4023 3878 3295
1/2 0.840 0.147 0.057 4037 3420 3446 2931 4166 3549 3420 2906
3/4 1.050 0.154 0.057 3481 2949 2971 2528 3592 3060 2949 2505
1 1.315 0.179 0.070 3123 2646 2666 2268 3223 2745 2646 2248
1 1/4 1.660 0.191 0.070 2747 2327 2344 1994 2834 2414 2327 1977
1 1/2 1.900 0.200 0.070 2578 2184 2200 1872 2660 2266 2184 1856
Sch. 2 2.375 0.218 0.070 2348 1989 2004 1705 2423 2064 1989 1690
80 2 1/2 2.875 0.276 0.100 2307 1954 1969 1675 2380 2028 1954 1660
3 3.500 0.300 0.100 2153 1824 1838 1563 2222 1893 1824 1550
4 4.500 0.337 0.100 1984 1681 1694 1441 2048 1744 1681 1428
5 5.563 0.375 0.100 1863 1578 1590 1353 1922 1637 1578 1341
6 6.625 0.432 0.100 1888 1600 1612 1371 1948 1660 1600 1359
8 8.625 0.500 0.100 1747 1480 1491 1269 1803 1536 1480 1258
4 4.500 0.437 0.100 2822 2390 2408 2049 2912 2480 2390 2031
Sch. 5 5.563 0.500 0.100 2709 2295 2312 1967 2796 2381 2295 1950
120 6 6.625 0.562 0.100 2628 2226 2243 1908 2711 2310 2226 1891
8 8.625 0.718 0.100 2700 2287 2304 1960 2786 2373 2287 1943
1/2 0.840 0.187 0.057 5831 4940 4977 4234 6017 5126 4940 4197
3/4 1.050 0.218 0.057 5778 4894 4931 4195 5962 5078 4894 4158
1 1.315 0.250 0.070 5530 4685 4720 4016 5706 4861 4369 3712
1 1/4 1.660 0.250 0.070 4381 3711 3739 3181 4520 3851 3461 2941
1 1/2 1.900 0.281 0.070 4184 3545 3571 3038 4318 3678 3545 3012
Sch. 2 2.375 0.343 0.070 4331 3669 3697 3145 4469 3807 3669 3117
160 2 1/2 2.875 0.375 0.100 3997 3386 3412 2903 4125 3514 3053 2594
3 3.500 0.437 0.100 3951 3347 3372 2869 4077 3473 3073 2611
4 4.500 0.531 0.100 3609 3057 3080 2620 3724 3172 3057 2597
5 5.563 0.625 0.100 3556 3012 3035 2582 3669 3126 3012 2559
6 6.625 0.718 0.100 3515 2978 3000 2552 3627 3090 2978 2530
8 8.625 0.906 0.100 3521 2983 3005 2557 3633 3095 2983 2534

Note: Some sizes, grades and schedule combinations may not be commercially available.
All dimensions are in inches.

Section 3 / Page 9 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-5
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Stainless Steel Pipe with Welded End Connections (A = 0)

A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312 A-312

NPS Wall Grade: 304 304 304L 304L 316 316 316L 316L
Pipe OD Thick. Type: Smls. Welded Smls. Welded Smls. Welded Smls. Welded
Size (t) SE: 18840 15960 16080 13680 19440 16560 15960 13560
1/4 0.540 0.088 6140 5202 5241 4459 6336 5397 5202 4420
3/8 0.675 0.091 5080 4303 4336 3689 5242 4465 4303 3656
1/2 0.840 0.109 4889 4142 4173 3550 5045 4298 4142 3519
3/4 1.050 0.113 4055 3435 3461 2944 4184 3564 3435 2919
1 1.315 0.133 3811 3228 3253 2767 3932 3350 3228 2743
1 1/4 1.660 0.140 3178 2692 2712 2307 3279 2793 2692 2287
Sch. 1 1/2 1.900 0.145 2876 2436 2454 2088 2967 2528 2436 2070
40 2 2.375 0.154 2443 2070 2085 1774 2521 2148 2070 1759
2 1/2 2.875 0.203 2661 2254 2271 1932 2745 2339 2254 1915
3 3.500 0.216 2325 1970 1985 1689 2399 2044 1970 1674
4 4.500 0.237 1984 1681 1694 1441 2048 1744 1681 1428
5 5.563 0.258 1748 1480 1492 1269 1803 1536 1480 1258
6 6.625 0.280 1593 1349 1359 1156 1643 1400 1349 1146
8 8.625 0.322 1407 1192 1201 1021 1452 1236 1192 1012
1/4 0.540 0.119 8304 7034 7087 6029 8568 7299 7034 5976
3/8 0.675 0.126 7034 5958 6003 5107 7258 6182 5958 5062
1/2 0.840 0.147 6594 5586 5628 4788 6804 5796 5586 4746
3/4 1.050 0.154 5526 4682 4717 4013 5702 4858 4682 3978
1 1.315 0.179 5129 4345 4378 3724 5292 4508 4345 3692
1 1/4 1.660 0.191 4335 3673 3700 3148 4474 3811 3673 3120
1 1/2 1.900 0.200 3966 3360 3385 2880 4093 3486 3360 2855
Sch. 2 2.375 0.218 3459 2930 2952 2511 3569 3040 2930 2489
80 2 1/2 2.875 0.276 3617 3064 3087 2627 3732 3180 3064 2604
3 3.500 0.300 3230 2736 2757 2345 3333 2839 2736 2325
4 4.500 0.337 2822 2390 2408 2049 2912 2480 2390 2031
5 5.563 0.375 2540 2152 2168 1844 2621 2233 2152 1828
6 6.625 0.432 2457 2081 2097 1784 2535 2160 2081 1768
8 8.625 0.500 2184 1850 1864 1586 2254 1920 1850 1572
4 4.500 0.437 3659 3100 3123 2657 3776 3216 3100 2634
Sch. 5 5.563 0.500 3387 2869 2891 2459 3495 2977 2869 2438
120 6 6.625 0.562 3196 2708 2728 2321 3298 2810 2708 2301
8 8.625 0.718 3137 2657 2677 2278 3237 2757 2657 2258
1/2 0.840 0.187 8388 7106 7159 6091 8655 7373 7106 6037
3/4 1.050 0.218 7823 6627 6677 5680 8072 6876 6627 5631
1 1.315 0.250 7163 6068 6114 5202 7392 6297 6068 5156
1 1/4 1.660 0.250 5675 4807 4843 4120 5855 4988 4807 4084
1 1/2 1.900 0.281 5573 4721 4756 4046 5750 4898 4721 4011
Sch. 2 2.375 0.343 5442 4610 4645 3951 5615 4783 4610 3917
160 2 1/2 2.875 0.375 4915 4163 4195 3569 5071 4320 4163 3537
3 3.500 0.437 4705 3985 4015 3416 4854 4135 3985 3386
4 4.500 0.531 4446 3767 3795 3228 4588 3908 3767 3200
5 5.563 0.625 4233 3586 3613 3074 4368 3721 3586 3047
6 6.625 0.718 4084 3459 3485 2965 4214 3589 3459 2939
8 8.625 0.906 3958 3353 3378 2874 4084 3479 3353 2849

Note: Some sizes, grades and schedule combinations may not be commercially available.
All dimensions are in inches.

Section 3 / Page 10 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-6
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Steel Tubing with Welded, Brazed, Flared or Compression Fitting Ends (A = 0)
A-178 A-178 A-178 A-178
Nom. Wall Grade: A-179 Gr. C Gr. A Nom. Wall Grade: A-179 Gr. C Gr. A
Tube OD Thick. Type: Smls. ERW ERW Tube OD Thick. Type: Smls. ERW ERW
Size (t) SE: 14160 15360 12000 Size (t) SE: 14160 15360 12000
0.250 0.022 2492 2703 2112 1.000 0.028 793 860 672
0.250 0.028 3172 3441 2688 1.000 0.035 991 1075 840
0.250 0.032 3625 3932 3072 1.000 0.049 1388 1505 1176
0.250 0.035 3965 4301 3360 1.000 0.058 1643 1782 1392
1/4 0.250 0.042 4758 5161 4032 1.000 0.065 1841 1997 1560
0.250 0.049 5551 6021 4704 1.000 0.072 2039 2212 1728
0.250 0.065 7363 7987 6240 1.000 0.083 2351 2550 1992
0.250 0.083 9402 10199 7968 1.000 0.095 2690 2918 2280
0.250 0.095 10762 11674 9120 1 1.000 0.109 3087 3348 2616
0.375 0.022 1661 1802 1408 1.000 0.120 3398 3686 2880
0.375 0.028 2115 2294 1792 1.000 0.134 3795 4116 3216
0.375 0.032 2417 2621 2048 1.000 0.156 4418 4792 3744
0.375 0.035 2643 2867 2240 1.000 0.172 4871 5284 4128
0.375 0.049 3700 4014 3136 1.000 0.188 5324 5775 4512
3/8 0.375 0.058 4380 4751 3712 1.000 0.219 6202 6728 5256
0.375 0.065 4909 5325 4160 1.000 0.250 7080 7680 6000
0.375 0.083 6268 6799 5312 1.000 0.281 7958 8632 6744
0.375 0.095 7174 7782 6080 1.000 0.313 8864 9615 7512
0.375 0.120 9062 9830 7680 1.000 0.375 10620 11520 9000
0.500 0.035 1982 2150 1680 1.250 0.035 793 860 672
0.500 0.049 2775 3011 2352 1.250 0.049 1110 1204 941
0.500 0.058 3285 3564 2784 1.250 0.065 1473 1597 1248
0.500 0.065 3682 3994 3120 1.250 0.083 1880 2040 1594
0.500 0.072 4078 4424 3456 1.250 0.095 2152 2335 1824
1/2 0.500 0.083 4701 5100 3984 1.250 0.109 2470 2679 2093
0.500 0.095 5381 5837 4560 1.250 0.120 2719 2949 2304
0.500 0.109 6174 6697 5232 1.250 0.125 2832 3072 2400
0.500 0.120 6797 7373 5760 1 1/4 1.250 0.134 3036 3293 2573
0.500 0.134 7590 8233 6432 1.250 0.156 3534 3834 2995
0.500 0.156 8836 9585 7488 1.250 0.188 4259 4620 3610
0.500 0.188 10648 11551 9024 1.250 0.219 4962 5382 4205
5/8 0.625 0.065 2945 3195 2496 1.250 0.250 5664 6144 4800
0.750 0.035 1322 1434 1120 1.250 0.281 6366 6906 5395
0.750 0.049 1850 2007 1568 1.250 0.313 7091 7692 6010
0.750 0.058 2190 2376 1856 1.250 0.344 7794 8454 6605
0.750 0.065 2454 2662 2080 1.250 0.375 8496 9216 7200
0.750 0.072 2719 2949 2304 1.250 0.438 9923 10764 8410
0.750 0.083 3134 3400 2656
0.750 0.095 3587 3891 3040
3/4 0.750 0.109 4116 4465 3488
0.750 0.120 4531 4915 3840
0.750 0.134 5060 5489 4288
0.750 0.156 5891 6390 4992
0.750 0.172 6495 7045 5504
0.750 0.188 7099 7700 6016
0.750 0.219 8269 8970 7008
0.750 0.250 9440 10240 8000

Section 3 / Page 11 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-6 (Continued)

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Steel Tubing with Welded, Brazed, Flared or Compression Fitting Ends (A = 0)
A-178 A-178 A-178 A-178
Nom. Wall Grade: A-179 Gr. C Gr. A Nom. Wall Grade: A-179 Gr. C Gr. A
Tube OD Thick. Type: Smls. ERW ERW Tube OD Thick. Type: Smls. ERW ERW
Size (t) SE: 14160 15360 12000 Size (t) SE: 14160 15360 12000
1.500 0.035 661 717 560 2.000 0.563 7972 8648 6756
1.500 0.049 925 1004 784 2 2.000 0.625 8850 9600 7500
1.500 0.058 1095 1188 928 2.000 0.750 10620 11520 9000
1.500 0.065 1227 1331 1040 2 1/4 2.250 0.095 1196 1297 1013
1.500 0.072 1359 1475 1152 2.500 0.035 396 430 336
1.500 0.083 1567 1700 1328 2.500 0.049 555 602 470
1.500 0.095 1794 1946 1520 2.500 0.065 736 799 624
1.500 0.109 2058 2232 1744 2.500 0.083 940 1020 797
1.500 0.120 2266 2458 1920 2.500 0.095 1076 1167 912
1.500 0.125 2360 2560 2000 2.500 0.109 1235 1339 1046
1.500 0.134 2530 2744 2144 2.500 0.120 1359 1475 1152
1 1/2 1.500 0.156 2945 3195 2496 2.500 0.125 1416 1536 1200
1.500 0.172 3247 3523 2752 2.500 0.134 1518 1647 1286
1.500 0.188 3549 3850 3008 2.500 0.148 1677 1819 1421
1.500 0.219 4135 4485 3504 2.500 0.156 1767 1917 1498
1.500 0.250 4720 5120 4000 2 1/2 2.500 0.180 2039 2212 1728
1.500 0.281 5305 5755 4496 2.500 0.188 2130 2310 1805
1.500 0.313 5909 6410 5008 2.500 0.219 2481 2691 2102
1.500 0.344 6495 7045 5504 2.500 0.220 2492 2703 2112
1.500 0.375 7080 7680 6000 2.500 0.250 2832 3072 2400
1.500 0.438 8269 8970 7008 2.500 0.281 3183 3453 2698
1.500 0.500 9440 10240 8000 2.500 0.313 3546 3846 3005
1 3/4 1.750 0.095 1537 1668 1303 2.500 0.344 3897 4227 3302
2.000 0.035 496 538 420 2.500 0.375 4248 4608 3600
2.000 0.049 694 753 588 2.500 0.437 4950 5370 4195
2.000 0.065 920 998 780 2.500 0.500 5664 6144 4800
2.000 0.083 1175 1275 996 2.500 0.563 6378 6918 5405
2.000 0.095 1345 1459 1140 2.500 0.625 7080 7680 6000
2.000 0.109 1543 1674 1308 2.500 0.750 8496 9216 7200
2.000 0.120 1699 1843 1440 2 3/4 2.750 0.109 1123 1218 951
2.000 0.125 1770 1920 1500 3.000 0.049 463 502 392
2.000 0.134 1897 2058 1608 3.000 0.065 614 666 520
2.000 0.148 2096 2273 1776 3.000 0.083 784 850 664
2.000 0.156 2209 2396 1872 3.000 0.095 897 973 760
2.000 0.165 2336 2534 1980 3.000 0.109 1029 1116 872
2 2.000 0.180 2549 2765 2160 3.000 0.120 1133 1229 960
2.000 0.188 2662 2888 2256 3.000 0.125 1180 1280 1000
2.000 0.219 3101 3364 2628 3 3.000 0.134 1265 1372 1072
2.000 0.240 3398 3686 2880 3.000 0.148 1397 1516 1184
2.000 0.250 3540 3840 3000 3.000 0.156 1473 1597 1248
2.000 0.281 3979 4316 3372 3.000 0.165 1558 1690 1320
2.000 0.313 4432 4808 3756 3.000 0.180 1699 1843 1440
2.000 0.344 4871 5284 4128 3.000 0.188 1775 1925 1504
2.000 0.375 5310 5760 4500 3.000 0.219 2067 2243 1752
2.000 0.438 6202 6728 5256 3.000 0.250 2360 2560 2000
2.000 0.500 7080 7680 6000 3.000 0.281 2653 2877 2248

Section 3 / Page 12 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-6 (Continued)

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Steel Tubing with Welded, Brazed, Flared or Compression Fitting Ends (A = 0)

A-178 A-178
Nom. Wall Grade: A-179 Gr. C Gr. A
Tube OD Thick. Type: Smls. ERW ERW
Size (t) SE: 14160 15360 12000
3.000 0.313 2955 3205 2504
3.000 0.344 3247 3523 2752
3.000 0.375 3540 3840 3000
3.000 0.437 4125 4475 3496
3.000 0.500 4720 5120 4000
3 3.000 0.563 5315 5765 4504
3.000 0.625 5900 6400 5000
3.000 0.688 6495 7045 5504
3.000 0.750 7080 7680 6000
3.000 0.875 8260 8960 7000
3.000 1.000 9440 10240 8000
3.250 0.120 1046 1134 886
3 1/4 3.250 0.134 1168 1267 990
3.250 0.148 1290 1399 1093
3.250 0.180 1568 1701 1329
3 1/2 3.500 0.120 971 1053 823
3.500 0.134 1084 1176 919
4 4.000 0.134 949 1029 804
4.000 0.148 1048 1137 888
4 1/2 4.500 0.134 843 915 715
4.500 0.148 931 1010 789

Note: All dimensions are in inches.

Section 3 / Page 13 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-7
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Stainless Steel Tubing with Welded, Brazed, Flared or Compression Fitting Ends (A = 0)

A-213 A-249 A-213 A-249 A-213 A-249 A-213 A-249

A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269
Nom. Wall Grade: 304 304 304L 304L 316 316 316L 316L
Tube OD Thick. Type: Smls. Welded Smls. Welded Smls. Welded Smls. Welded
Size (t) SE: 18840 15960 16080 13680 19440 16560 15960 13560
0.250 0.020 3014 2554 2573 2189 3110 2650 2554 2170
0.250 0.028 4220 3575 3602 3064 4355 3709 3575 3037
1/4 0.250 0.032 4823 4086 4116 3502 4977 4239 4086 3471
0.250 0.035 5275 4469 4502 3830 5443 4637 4469 3797
0.250 0.049 7385 6256 6303 5363 7620 6492 6256 5316
0.250 0.065 9797 8299 8362 7114 10109 8611 8299 7051
0.375 0.028 2813 2383 2401 2043 2903 2473 2383 2025
3/8 0.375 0.035 3517 2979 3002 2554 3629 3091 2979 2531
0.375 0.049 4924 4171 4202 3575 5080 4328 4171 3544
0.375 0.065 6531 5533 5574 4742 6739 5741 5533 4701
0.500 0.028 2110 1788 1801 1532 2177 1855 1788 1519
0.500 0.035 2638 2234 2251 1915 2722 2318 2234 1898
0.500 0.049 3693 3128 3152 2681 3810 3246 3128 2658
1/2 0.500 0.065 4898 4150 4181 3557 5054 4306 4150 3526
0.500 0.083 6255 5299 5339 4542 6454 5498 5299 4502
0.500 0.095 7159 6065 6110 5198 7387 6293 6065 5153
0.500 0.120 9043 7661 7718 6566 9331 7949 7661 6509
0.750 0.035 1758 1490 1501 1277 1814 1546 1490 1266
0.750 0.049 2462 2085 2101 1788 2540 2164 2085 1772
3/4 0.750 0.065 3266 2766 2787 2371 3370 2870 2766 2350
0.750 0.083 4170 3532 3559 3028 4303 3665 3532 3001
0.750 0.095 4773 4043 4074 3466 4925 4195 4043 3435
0.750 0.120 6029 5107 5146 4378 6221 5299 5107 4339
1.000 0.035 1319 1117 1126 958 1361 1159 1117 949
1.000 0.049 1846 1564 1576 1341 1905 1623 1564 1329
1.000 0.065 2449 2075 2090 1778 2527 2153 2075 1763
1.000 0.083 3127 2649 2669 2271 3227 2749 2649 2251
1 1.000 0.095 3580 3032 3055 2599 3694 3146 3032 2576
1.000 0.120 4522 3830 3859 3283 4666 3974 3830 3254
1.000 0.188 7084 6001 6046 5144 7309 6227 6001 5099
1.000 0.250 9420 7980 8040 6840 9720 8280 7980 6780
1.250 0.035 1055 894 900 766 1089 927 894 759
1.250 0.049 1477 1251 1261 1073 1524 1298 1251 1063
1.250 0.065 1959 1660 1672 1423 2022 1722 1660 1410
1 1/4 1.250 0.083 2502 2119 2135 1817 2582 2199 2119 1801
1.250 0.095 2864 2426 2444 2079 2955 2517 2426 2061
1.250 0.120 3617 3064 3087 2627 3732 3180 3064 2604
1.250 0.188 5667 4801 4837 4115 5848 4981 4801 4079
1.250 0.250 7536 6384 6432 5472 7776 6624 6384 5424

Section 3 / Page 14 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-7 (Continued)

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
Stainless Steel Tubing with Welded, Brazed, Flared or Compression Fitting Ends (A = 0)

A-213 A-249 A-213 A-249 A-213 A-249 A-213 A-249

Norm. A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269 A-269
Tube OD Wall Grade: 304 304 304L 304L 316 316 316L 316L
Size Thick. Type: Smls. Welded Smls. Welded Smls. Welded Smls. Welded
(t) SE: 18840 15960 16080 13680 19440 16560 15960 13560
1.500 0.035 879 745 750 638 907 773 745 633
1.500 0.049 1231 1043 1051 894 1270 1082 1043 886
1.500 0.065 1633 1383 1394 1186 1685 1435 1383 1175
1 1/2 1.500 0.083 2085 1766 1780 1514 2151 1833 1766 1501
1.500 0.120 3014 2554 2573 2189 3110 2650 2554 2170
1.500 0.188 4723 4001 4031 3429 4873 4151 4001 3399
1.500 0.250 6280 5320 5360 4560 6480 5520 5320 4520
2.000 0.035 659 559 563 479 680 580 559 475
2.000 0.049 923 782 788 670 953 811 782 664
2.000 0.065 1225 1037 1045 889 1264 1076 1037 881
2 2.000 0.083 1564 1325 1335 1135 1614 1374 1325 1125
2.000 0.120 2261 1915 1930 1642 2333 1987 1915 1627
2.000 0.180 3391 2873 2894 2462 3499 2981 2873 2441
2.000 0.188 3542 3000 3023 2572 3655 3113 3000 2549
2.000 0.250 4710 3990 4020 3420 4860 4140 3990 3390
2.500 0.049 739 626 630 536 762 649 626 532
2.500 0.065 980 830 836 711 1011 861 830 705
2 1/2 2.500 0.120 1809 1532 1544 1313 1866 1590 1532 1302
2.500 0.188 2834 2400 2418 2057 2924 2491 2400 2039
2.500 0.250 3768 3192 3216 2736 3888 3312 3192 2712
3.000 0.065 816 692 697 593 842 718 692 588
3.000 0.083 1042 883 890 757 1076 916 883 750
3 3.000 0.120 1507 1277 1286 1094 1555 1325 1277 1085
3.000 0.188 2361 2000 2015 1715 2436 2076 2000 1700
3.000 0.250 3140 2660 2680 2280 3240 2760 2660 2260

Note: Some sizes, grades and schedule combinations may not be commercially available.
Maximum allowable pressure may be limited by the fitting used.
All dimensions are in inches.

Section 3 / Page 15 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-8
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
ASTM B-88 Seamless Copper Water Tubing with Brazed, Flared
or Compression Fitting Ends (A = 0)
Nom. Tube Wall Grade: B-88 B-88
Tube OD Type Thick. Type: Drawn Annealed
Size (t) SE: 10800 6120
0.375 K 0.035 2016 1142
1/4 0.375 L 0.030 1728 979
0.375 M 0.025 1440 816
0.500 K 0.049 2117 1200
3/8 0.500 L 0.035 1512 857
0.500 M 0.025 1080 612
0.625 K 0.049 1693 960
1/2 0.625 L 0.040 1382 783
0.625 M 0.028 968 548
0.750 K 0.049 1411 800
5/8 0.750 L 0.042 1210 685
0.750 M 0.032 922 522
0.875 K 0.065 1605 909
3/4 0.875 L 0.045 1111 629
0.875 M 0.032 790 448
1.125 K 0.065 1248 707
1 1.125 L 0.050 960 544
1.125 M 0.035 672 381
1.375 K 0.065 1021 579
1 1/4 1.375 L 0.055 864 490
1.375 M 0.042 660 374
1.625 K 0.072 957 542
1 1/2 1.625 L 0.060 798 452
1.625 M 0.049 651 369
2.125 K 0.083 844 478
2 2.125 L 0.070 712 403
2.125 M 0.058 590 334
2.625 K 0.095 782 443
2 1/2 2.625 L 0.080 658 373
2.625 M 0.065 535 303
3.125 K 0.109 753 427
3 3.125 L 0.090 622 353
3.125 M 0.072 498 282
3.625 K 0.120 715 405
3 1/2 3.625 L 0.100 596 338
3.625 M 0.083 495 280
4.125 K 0.134 702 398
4 4.125 L 0.110 576 326
4.125 M 0.095 497 282
5.125 K 0.160 674 382
5 5.125 L 0.125 527 299
5.125 M 0.109 459 260
6.125 K 0.192 677 384
6 6.125 L 0.140 494 280
6.125 M 0.122 430 244
8.125 K 0.271 720 408
8 8.125 L 0.200 532 301
8.125 M 0.170 452 256

Note: If soldering or brazing drawn (straight) tubing use annealed allowable pressure.
Maximum allowable pressure may be limited by the fitting used. All dimensions are in inches.

Section 3 / Page 16 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 3-9
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (psig)
ASTM B-280 Seamless Copper Refrigeration Tubing with Brazed, Flared
or Compression Fitting Ends (A = 0)

Nom. Wall Grade: B-280 B-280

Tube Tubing Thick. Type: Drawn Annealed
Size OD Type (t) SE: 10800 6120
(Straight) (Coil)
1/4 0.250 Coil 0.030 1469
5/16 0.312 Coil 0.032 1255
3/8 0.375 Coil 0.032 1044
0.375 Straight 0.030 1728 979
1/2 0.500 Coil 0.032 783
0.500 Straight 0.035 1512 857
5/8 0.625 Coil 0.035 685
0.625 Straight 0.040 1382 783
3/4 0.750 Coil 0.035 571
0.750 Strt./Coil 0.042 1210 685
7/8 0.875 Strt./Coil 0.045 1111 629
1 1/8 1.125 Strt./Coil 0.050 960 544
1 3/8 1.375 Strt./Coil 0.055 864 490
1 5/8 1.625 Strt./Coil 0.060 798 452
2 1/8 2.125 Straight 0.070 712 403
2 5/8 2.625 Straight 0.080 658 373
3 1/8 3.125 Straight 0.090 622 353
3 5/8 3.625 Straight 0.100 596 338
4 1/8 4.125 Straight 0.110 576 326

Note: If soldering or brazing drawn (straight) tubing use annealed allowable pressure.
Maximum allowable pressure may be limited by the fitting used.
All dimensions are in inches.

Section 3 / Page 17 of 17
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

4.0 PIPE & TUBING FITTINGS – RATED WORKING PRESSURE

The tables found in this section include data that is representative of typical pressure-
temperature ratings for several types of pipe fittings commonly used in the agent distribution
piping of special hazard fire suppression systems.

These tables provide guidance to assist the system designer in selection of pipe fittings used in
a particular application. It is recommended that the maximum allowable pressure ratings be
verified with the fitting manufacturer for the type of fittings being used. In addition, the pipe
fitting requirements specified in the suppression system equipment manufacturer's listed design
manual, and in the applicable NFPA Standards, should also be consulted.

If there are differences between the rated working pressure values shown in the tables of this
section, and the fittings specified in the equipment manufacturer’s listed manual or in the
applicable NFPA Standards, then the fitting requirements shown in the equipment
manufacturer’s manual and/or the applicable NFPA Standard shall take precedent.

Fittings shall have a minimum rated working pressure equal to or greater than the minimum
piping design working pressure specified in Appendix A of this document, for the agent being
used.

The following tables provide values of maximum allowable working pressure for various types of
fittings.

• Table 4-1: Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings

• Table 4-2: Grooved Fittings and Couplings
• Table 4-3: Forged Steel Threaded Fittings
• Table 4-4: Forged Carbon Steel Flanges
• Table 4-5: Ductile Iron Fittings
• Table 4-6: Stainless Steel Threaded Fittings
• Table 4-7: Carbon Steel Welded Fittings

TABLE 4-1
MALLEABLE IRON THREADED FITTINGS
Reference: ANSI B16.3

MAXIMUM RATED
SERVICE PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE FITTING NPS FITTING SIZE
DEGREES F. CLASS 1/4" to 1" 1 1/4" to 2" 2 1/2" to 4" 5" to 8"
-20 TO 150 150 lb. Class (PSIG) 300 300 300 300
-20 TO 150 300 lb. Class (PSIG) 2000 1500 1000 800

Note: 300 lb. Class street elbows are not recommended for pressures above 600 psi.

Section 4 / Page 1 of 6
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 4-1 (Continued)

Reference: ANSI B16.39

UNIONS & UNION FITTINGS

CLASS CLASS CLASS
150 250 300
Nonshock Cold Water, Oil or Gas (PSIG)
300 500 600

TABLE 4-2
GROOVED FITTINGS AND COUPLINGS

MANUFACTURER NPS PIPE RATED WORKING

AND TYPE SIZE PRESSURE PSI
Victaulic
Grooved Fittings 3/4" - 8" 500
Style 005 Rigid FireLock Coupling 1 ¼” - 4” 350
Style 07 Zero-flex Rigid Coupling 1" - 6" 500
Style 77 Flexible Coupling 3/4" - 8" 500
Style 75 1" - 4" 500
5” – 8” 450
Style HP-70 Rigid 2" - 6" 750
Style 743 Vic-Flange 2 1/2" - 8" 500

Gruvlok
Grooved Fittings 1" - 8" 500
Fig. 7000 Coupling 1" - 4" 500
Fig. 7000 Coupling 6" - 8" 500
Fig. 7001 Standard Coupling 1" - 8" 500
Fig. 7013 Flange 2" - 8" 500
Fig. 7401 Rigidlok 1 1/2" - 2 1/2" 750
3” - 4” 600
5” - 6” 500
8” 450

Note: Underwriters Laboratories has indicated that listed rubber gasketed fittings (couplings
and fittings rated to 500 PSI minimum) that are not under continuous exposure to HFC-
227ea, and are downstream of the pressure reducing device, can be utilized in 360 psi
HFC-227ea fixed extinguishing systems.

Section 4 / Page 2 of 6
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 4-3
FORGED STEEL THREADED FITTINGS
Reference: ANSI B16.11

SERVICE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NON-SHOCK

TEMPERATURES PRESSURE RATINGS
DEGREES F. (PSIG)
Class 2000 Class 3000 Class 6000
-20 to 150 2000 PSI or rating of 3000 PSI or rating of 6000 PSI or rating of
Sch. 80 smls. pipe of Sch. 160 smls. pipe of XXS smls. pipe of the
the same material the same material same material

TABLE 4-4
FORGED STEEL FLANGES
WITH STANDARD FACINGS (OTHER THAN RING JOINTS)
Reference: ANSI B16.5 Material ASTM A-105

SERVICE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NON-SHOCK

TEMPERATURES PRESSURE RATINGS (PSIG)
DEGREES F. @ PRIMARY SERVICE PRESSURE RATING
150 LB 300 LB 400 LB 600 LB 900 LB 1500 LB 2500 LB
-20 to 200 260 675 900 1,350 2,025 3,375 5,625

Note: The pressure ratings of forged steel flanges are dependent on the type of gasket facing
and the ASTM Grade of material used.

TABLE 4-5
DUCTILE IRON PIPE FITTINGS

WORKING PRESSURES, NONSHOCK

(PSIG)
CLASS 150 CLASS 300
TEMPERATURE FLANGED THREADED
DEGREES F. FITTINGS FITTINGS
1” – 6” ½” – 6”
-20 TO 150 250 500

Section 4 / Page 3 of 6
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 4-6
STAINLESS STEEL THREADED FITTINGS
Reference: ASTM A-16.2, ANSI B16.11

TEMPERATURE WORKING PRESSURE RATING

DEGREES F. NON-SHOCK (PSIG)
Class 150 Class 2000 Class 3000 Class 6000
1/8” – 4” NPT 1/8” – 4” NPT 1/8” – 4” NPT 1/8” – 4” NPT
-20 to 150 300 2000 PSI or rating of 3000 PSI or rating of 6000 or rating of XXS
Sch. 80 smls. pipe of Sch. 160 smls. pipe of smls. pipe of the same
the same material the same material material

TABLE 4-7a
STANDARD WEIGHT – CARBON STEEL BUTTWELD FITTINGS
Reference: ANSI B16.9

**WORKING
PRESSURE -
PSIG AT THE
SIZE OF *WALL FAHRENHEIT
FITTING THICKNESS TEMPERATURES
INCHES INCHES INDICATED)
-20 to 650 ºF
1/2" 0.109 1695
3/4" 0.113 1455
1" 0.133 1575
1 - 1/4" 0.140 1065
1 - 1/2" 0.145 1005
2" 0.154 900
2 - 1/2" 0.203 1215
3" 0.216 1095
3 - 1/2" 0.226 1020
4" 0.237 975
5" 0.258 885
6" 0.280 840
8" 0.322 765

Note: * Nominal wall thickness that corresponds to Schedule 40 steel pipe.

**The pressure rating is dependent on the ASTM Grade of material and schedule of
seamless pipe used.

Section 4 / Page 4 of 6
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 4-7b
EXTRA STRONG – CARBON STEEL BUTTWELD FITTINGS
Reference: ANSI B16.9

**WORKING
PRESSURE -
SIZE OF *WALL (PSIG AT THE
FITTING THICKNESS FAHRENHEIT
INCHES INCHES TEMPERATURES
INDICATED)
-20 to 650 ºF.
1/2" 0.147 3030
3/4" 0.154 2595
1" 0.179 2610
1 - 1/4" 0.191 1935
1 - 1/2" 0.200 1815
2" 0.218 1665
2 - 1/2" 0.276 1935
3" 0.300 1770
3 - 1/2" 0.318 1665
4" 0.337 1590
5" 0.375 1470
6" 0.432 1470
8" 0.500 1350

Note: *Nominal wall thickness that corresponds to Schedule 80 steel pipe.

**The pressure rating is dependent on the ASTM Grade of material and schedule of
seamless pipe used.

TABLE 4-7c
FORGED STEEL SOCKET-WELD FITTINGS
Reference: ANSI B16.11

TEMPERATURE WORKING PRESSURE

Degree F NON-SHOCK (PSIG)
Class 3000 Class 6000
1/8" - 4" NPT 1/8" - 4" NPT
-20 to 650 3000 PSI or rating of Sch. 160 6000 PSI or rating of XXS smls.
smls. pipe of the same material pipe of the same material

Section 4 / Page 5 of 6
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

COMPRESSION-TYPE TUBE FITTINGS

Tube fittings are rated to the maximum working pressure of tubing as shown in tables 3-6, 3-7,
3-8 and 3-9 of this document. Compression fittings that have NPT (female or male) pipe
threads are an exception and the fitting manufacturer shall be consulted.

The manufacturer of compression fittings being considered for use, should be consulted prior to
the use of the fittings with hard drawn copper tubing. Most manufacturers require the tubing be
“soft annealed” copper to ensure safe, reliable, leak-free connections. In addition, the metal
tubing material should be softer than the fitting material. (For example: stainless steel tubing
should not be used with brass fittings)

Section 4 / Page 6 of 6
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

5.0 PIPE DESIGN GUIDELINGS FOR CLOSED SECTIONS OF PIPE

5.1 INTRODUCTION
Many of the NFPA Fire Extinguishing System Standards state in part that:
In sections where valve arrangement introduces sections of closed piping, such sections shall
be equipped with pressure relief devices, or the valves shall be designed to prevent entrapment
of the extinguishing agent.

These “closed sections of pipe” historically have been located between the agent containers
and stop valves. In this scenario the possibility exists that extinguishing agent may be trapped
in this section from actuation of the system agent containers. Because of this possibility,
pressure relief devices are required to be installed in these pipe sections, in order to prevent
over pressurization, in the event of high temperature exposure, and/or liquid full conditions that
may occur when liquefied extinguishing agents are used.

The pressure relief devices are designed to operate at higher than normal pressure. The
operating range of these relief devices may be specified in the applicable NFPA Standard, or
the equipment Manufacturer’s Listed Design Manual.

5.2 DESIGN GUIDELINES

The following guidelines are recommended for the design of “closed sections of pipe” that are
equipped with pressure relief devices, unless specified otherwise in the applicable NFPA
Standard, or as may be specified in the Equipment Manufacturer’s Listed Design Manual.

5.2.1
Select the proper pressure relief device as specified in the applicable NFPA Standard, the
manufacturer’s design manual, and/or other applicable standards.

5.2.1.1
The minimum allowable working pressure of the pipe must be equal to or greater than the
maximum operating pressure of the pressure relief device.

5.2.1.2
From the pipe tables in Section 3 select the desired type pipe that has a maximum allowable
working pressure equal to or greater than the maximum operating pressure of the pressure
relief device.

Section 5 / Page 1 of 1
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.0 PIPE SUPPORTS AND HANGERS

6.1 The scope of this section provides general information and guidelines for the selection and
application of pipe supports and/or hangers utilized with special hazard fire suppression
systems. Pipe supports and hangers shall be capable of supporting the pipe in all conditions of
operation, including shock loads or thrusts created by system discharge.

These general guidelines are not intended to provide all information necessary to determine
equipment and material requirements for specific installations or applications.

Specific installation guidelines, as provided by the manufacturer of pipe supports and/or pipe
support systems, shall be followed.

The design examples provided in this section are typical of installations in the industry. Load
calculations have not been performed for any examples shown.

6.1.1 Conventional hanger design which is generally accepted as good practice, using standard
stock or production units, as manufactured by recognized manufacturers, shall be utilized
whenever possible.

6.1.2 All piping must be solidly anchored to walls, ceiling structure, floors, or columns by angle
iron brackets, channels / struts or equivalent brackets where longitudinal or lateral sway may
occur. Particular attention must be paid to the bracing of all changes in piping direction, nozzle
piping and header piping. As a minimum, rigid pipe supports shall be provided at all locations
where piping changes direction (See Figure 6-1).

FIGURE 6-1

Notes:
1. Actual number of braces will depend upon piping and nozzle arrangement.
2. Nozzles with different orifice orientation may require different types of bracing to counter
thrusts due to direction of agent discharge (Example: 360o, 180o, and orifices angled off the
horizontal).

Section 6 / Page 1 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.1.3 Pipe support components shall be steel and adequate to support the pipe in response to
movements created by changing thermal conditions, and to allow for free and ample movement
for contraction except where anchored, thereby preventing excessive stress. Consideration
should be given to avoidance of rigidly restraining both ends of long pipe runs subject to
expansion or contraction. Either one or the other end of the pipe run should be supported with
an intermediate type hanger which will allow free movement of the piping and to avoid buckling
or separation due to expansion or contraction.

6.1.4 Where rod type hangers are permitted for intermediate support between rigid supports,
they shall be steel clevis or steel band hangers of the proper size for the supported pipe and
with solid bar-type hanger rod. Hanger rods shall not be subjected to stresses due to bending.

6.1.5 Grooved pipe, fittings, and couplings must be supported and anchored exactly per the
manufacturer’s specification. Installation shall be such as to allow for contraction over the
anticipated temperature range and pressure thrusts. Consideration should be given to provide
a minimum of two hangers per length of grooved pipe to avoid injury or accident during
installation or maintenance of piping. No grooved pipe length should be left unsupported
between any two couplings.

6.1.6 Cast iron supports, conduit clamps or “C” clamps shall not be used to support piping. All
parts of the supporting equipment shall be fabricated, assembled and installed so that they will
not be disengaged by movement of the supported pipe. Drilling of, welding or the use of beam
clamps are acceptable means of attaching hangers to the building structure. A pipeline is not to
be supported from another pipeline.

6.1.7 All pipe supports shall be installed to avoid interference with other piping, hangers,
electrical conduit, and supports or building structure and equipment.

6.1.8 Supports shall be sufficiently close together to avoid excessive bending stresses from
concentrated loads between supports. (Refer to Table 6-1, Maximum Horizontal Spacing
Between Pipe Supports for Screwed, Welded, Or Grooved Pipe with Rod Diameters and Table
6-2, Maximum Horizontal Spacing Between Tubing Supports with Rod Diameters.)

6.1.9 When using concrete inserts or power driven studs, the manufacturer’s specifications
must be followed. Consideration should be given to minimum and maximum engagement
depths, edge distances, minimum spacing of anchors in the concrete and the quality of the
concrete.

6.1.10 When using channel / strut refer to manufacturer information for limitations.

6.1.11 Consideration shall be given to providing ring inserts to resist galvanic corrosion when
piping and hanger rings or U-bolts are of dissimilar metals.

6.1.12 For guidelines on the application of seismic bracing and supports refer to the following
documents:
9 MSS SP-127-2001 Bracing for Piping Systems Seismic – Wind – Dynamic Design,
Selection, Application – Latest Edition

9 NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems – Latest Edition

9 State and Local Building Codes – Latest Edition

Section 6 / Page 2 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.2 Following are eighteen (18) examples of rigid pipe hangers. Specific installation guidelines,
as provided by the manufacturer of pipe supports and/or pipe support systems, shall be
followed.

6.2.1 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.2 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.3 Typical Rigid Support

Section 6 / Page 3 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.2.4 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.5 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.6 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.7 Typical Rigid Support

Section 6 / Page 4 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.2.8 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.9 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.10 Typical Rigid Support

Section 6 / Page 5 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.2.11 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.12 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.13 Typical Rigid Support

Section 6 / Page 6 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.2.14 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.15 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.16 Typical Rigid Support

Section 6 / Page 7 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.2.17 Typical Rigid Support

6.2.18 Typical Rigid Support

Section 6 / Page 8 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.3 Following are eleven (11) examples of intermediate pipe hangers. Specific installation
guidelines, as provided by the manufacturer of pipe supports and/or pipe support systems,
shall be followed.

6.3.1 Typical Intermediate Support

6.3.2 Typical Intermediate Support

6.3.3 Typical Intermediate Support

Section 6 / Page 9 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.3.4 Typical Intermediate Support

6.3.5 Typical Intermediate Support

6.3.6 Typical Intermediate Support

Section 6 / Page 10 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.3.7 Typical Intermediate Support

6.3.8 Typical Intermediate Support

6.3.9 Typical Intermediate Support

Section 6 / Page 11 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

6.3.10 Typical Intermediate Support

6.3.11 Typical Intermediate Support

Section 6 / Page 12 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE 6-1
MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL SPACING BETWEEN PIPE SUPPORTS
FOR SCREWED, WELDED, OR GROOVED PIPE WITH ROD DIAMETERS
Reference: MSS SP-69-1996

Distance
Pipe Between Rod
Size Supports Diameter
(inches) (feet) (inches)
¼” 7 3/8
½” 7 3/8
¾” 7 3/8
1” 7 3/8
1 ¼” 7 3/8
1 ½” 9 3/8
2” 10 3/8
2 ½” 11 1/2
3” 12 1/2
4” 14 5/8
5” 16 5/8
6” 17 3/4
8” 19 3/4

Note: “C” Clamps are not acceptable to support rod hangers

TABLE 6-2
MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL SPACING BETWEEN TUBING SUPPORTS
WITH ROD DIAMETERS
Reference: MSS SP-69-1996

Distance
Tubing Between Rod
Size Supports Diameter
(inches) (feet) (inches)
¼” 5 3/8
½” 5 3/8
¾” 5 3/8
1” 6 3/8
1 ¼” 7 3/8
1 ½” 8 3/8
2” 8 3/8
2 ½” 9 1/2
3” 10 1/2
4” 12 1/2
5” 13 1/2
6” 14 5/8
8” 16 3/4

Section 6 / Page 13 of 13
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

APPENDIX A
A.0 PIPE REQUIREMENTS FOR FSSA EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER’S
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS

A.1 MANUFACTURER’S SUPPRESSION SYSTEM PARAMETERS

Min Pipe
Product Design
Trade Cylinder Maximum Working
System Manufacturer Name Pressure Operating Pressure Manufacturer
Type Psi @ 70ºF Temp. ºF per NFPA Specs: Pipe
(PSI)
Ansul 850 130 NFPA 12 (1a, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7,8)
CO2 Chemetron 850 130 NFPA 12 (1a, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7,8)
High Press. Fike 850 130 NFPA 12 (1a, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7,8)
Kidde 850 130 NFPA 12 (1a, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7,8)
CO2 Ansul 300 130 350 (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
Low Press. Chemetron 300 130 350 (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
Dry Chemical Ansul 205 120 215 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
FK-5-12 Ansul Novec 1230 360 130 416 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
HFC-125 Fike ECARO-25 360 120 500 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Chemetron FM-200 360 130 416 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Fenwal FM-200 360 130 416 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
HFC-227ea Fike FE-227 360 130 416 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Kidde FM-200 360 130 416 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Pyro Chem FM-200 360 130 416 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Siemens FM-200 360 130 416 (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
HFC-23 Kidde FE-13 686 130 927 to 1,371 (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
(See Note 10)
(Before Press Red.) Argon 2370 130 2370 (2, 3, 4, 5)
IG-01 (After Press Red.) Per Calcs
(Before Press Red.) Argon 2964 130 2964 (2, 3, 4, 5)
(After Press Red.) Per Calcs
Chemetron Argonite
(Before Press Red.) 2900 130 2900 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
IG-55 (After Press Red.) Per Calcs
Fike ProInert
(Before Press Red.) 2900 130 2900 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
(After Press Red.) Per Calcs
IG 100 (Before Press Red.) Nitrogen 2404 130 2404 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
(After Press Red.) Per Calcs
Ansul Inergen
(Before Press Red.) 2175 130 2175 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
IG-541 (After Press Red.) Per Calcs
Ansul Inergen
(Before Press Red.) 2900 130 2900 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
(After Press Red.) Per Calcs
Water Mist Chemetron N/A 130 N/A Corro-Proof, PPC
Fike MicroMist N/A 130 N/A Corro-Proof, PPC

Section 7 / Page 1 of 2
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

Piping & Fitting Notes:

1) Schedule 40 pipe
1a) Schedule 40 pipe, ¾” and smaller
2) Schedule 80 pipe
3) Schedule 160 pipe
4) ASTM A-106, Seamless, Grade C
5) ASTM A-53/A-106, Seamless, Grade B
6) ASTM A-53/A-106, Seamless, Grade A
7) ASTM A-53, ERW, Grade B
8) ASTM A-53, ERW, Grade A
9) ASTM A-53, Class F, Furnace Weld
10) For HFC-23 systems the pipe minimum design pressure rating depends on the cylinder fill density,
determined in accordance with NFPA 2001 Section 2-2.1.1, as follows:
Fill Density (lb/ft3) Minimum Design Pressure (psig)
48 1,371
45 1,248
40 1,106
35 1,007
30 927
PPC: Power Piping Code; ANSI B31.1

Note: Appendix A includes piping parameters for “engineered” systems.

Pre-engineered and pre-calc systems have pre-selected parameters and therefore are not
included in this section.

Section 7 / Page 2 of 2
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

APPENDIX B
B.1 PIPE FITTINGS FOR USE IN CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM PIPING

Fittings that are acceptable for use in clean agent systems are found in Table B.1 and Table
B.2. The fittings shown in these tables are based on use in open ended piping systems.

For fittings used in closed sections of pipe, Section 5 of this Handbook should be consulted.

TABLE B.1 Pipe Fittings for Use in Clean Agent Systems (Note 1)

Pressure in Fitting
Agent Container Minimum Design
o
Clean Agent at 70 F Pressure Minimum Maximum
o
(up to and At 70 F Acceptable Fittings Pipe Size
including) (Note 2)
(psig) (psig) (NPS)
All Halocarbon 360 416 Class 300-lb. thrd. malleable iron. 6”
Agents 500 for HFC-125 Class 300-lb. thrd. ductile iron. 6”
(Except HFC-23) Groove type fittings (Note 3). 6”
Class 300-lb. flanged joints. All
600 820 Class 300-lb. thrd. malleable iron 4”
Class 2,000-lb. thrd./weld F.S. All
Class 400-lb. flanged joint All
HFC-23 609 1,371 Class 300-lb. thrd. malleable iron 2”
(Note 4) Class 2,000-lb. thrd./weld F.S. All
Class 600-lb. flanged joint All
IG-541 2,175 2,175 Class 2,000-lb. thrd. forged steel 2-1/2”
Upstream of the Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S All
pressure reducer Class 1,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)
2,900 2,900 Class 2,000-lb. thrd. forged steel 1”
Upstream of the Class 3,000-lb. thrd./weld F.S. All
pressure reducer Class 1,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)
IG-01 2,370 2,370 Class 2,000-lb. thrd forged steel 1-1/2”
Upstream of the Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. All
pressure reducer Class 1,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)
2,964 2,964 Class 2,000-lb. thrd forged steel 1”
Upstream of the Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. All
pressure reducer Class 1,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)

Section 8 / 1 of 4
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE B.1 Clean Agent System Pipe Fittings (Note 1) (Continued)

Pressure in Fitting
Agent Container Minimum Design
o
Clean Agent at 70 F Pressure Minimum Maximum
o o
(up to and At 70 F (21 C) Acceptable Fittings Pipe Size
including) (Note 2)
(psig) (psig) (NPS)
IG-55 2,175 2,175 Class 2,000-lb. thrd forged steel 2-1/2”
Upstream of the Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. All
pressure reducer Class 1,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)
2,900 2,900 Class 2,000-lb. thrd forged steel 1”
Upstream of the Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. All
pressure reducer Class 1,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)
4,350 4,350 Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. 1”
Upstream of the Class 6,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. All
pressure reducer Class 2,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)

Section 8 / Page 2 of 4
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE B.1 Clean Agent System Pipe Fittings (Note 1) (Continued)

Pressure in Fitting
Agent Container Minimum Design
o
Clean Agent at 70 F Pressure Minimum Maximum
o
(up to and At 70 F Acceptable Fittings Pipe Size
including) (Note 2)
(psig) (psig) (NPS)
IG-100 2,404 2,404 Class 2,000-lb. thrd forged steel 1-1/2”
Upstream of the Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. All
pressure reducer Class 1,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) Note 5)
(Note 5)
3,236 3,236 Class 2,000-lb. thrd forged steel 3/4”
Upstream of the Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S All
pressure reducer Class 1,500-lb.flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)
4,061 4,061 Class 3,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. 1”
Upstream of the Class 6,000-lb. thrd/weld F.S. All
pressure reducer Class 2,500-lb. flanged joint All
Downstream of the
pressure reducer (Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 5)

Notes:
1. All fitting ratings shown are based on open ended piping systems.
2. Minimum design pressures are taken from Table 2-2.1.1(a) and Table 2-2.1.1(b) of NFPA-
2001.
3. Check with grooved fitting manufacturers for pressure ratings.
4. This value good for all fill densities up to 48 lb/ft3.
5. The minimum design pressure, for fittings downstream of the pressure reducer, should be
determined by system flow calculations. Acceptable pipe fittings for several values of
pressures downstream of the pressure reducer can be found in Table B.2.
6. The materials shown in Tables B.1 and B.2 do not preclude the use of other materials and
other types and style of fittings that satisfy the pressure requirements.
7. The pressure ratings of the forged steel threaded or welded fittings are based on the
pressure equivalent of the numerical class of the fitting or on the pressure rating of ASTM
A-106, Grade B seamless steel pipe, whichever is higher.

Section 8 / Page 3 of 4
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

TABLE B.2 Pipe Fittings for use in Inert Gas Systems

Downstream of the Pressure Reducer

Maximum Pressure
Downstream of the
Pressure Reducer
o
At 70 F Minimum Maximum
(up to and Acceptable Fittings Pipe Size
including) (NPS)
(psig)
Class 300-lb. thrd. malleable iron 4”
1,000 Class 2,000-lb. thrd/welded forged steel All
Class 3,000-lb. thrd/welded forged steel All
Class 600-lb. flanged joint All
Class 300-lb. thrd. malleable iron 2”
1,350 Class 2,000-lb. thrd/welded forged steel All
Class 3,000-lb. thrd/welded forged steel All
Class 600-lb. flanged joint All
Class 300-lb. thrd. malleable iron 2”
1,500 Class 2,000-lb. thrd/welded forged steel All
Class 3,000-lb. thrd/welded forged steel All
Class 900-lb. flanged joint All
Class 300-lb. thrd. malleable iron 1”
2,000 Class 2,000-lb. thrd/welded forged steel All
Class 3,000-lb. thrd/welded forged steel All
Class 900-lb. flanged joint All

Section 8 / Page 4 of 4
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

APPENDIX C
C.0 REFERENCES
C.1 PUBLICATIONS

1. ASME B31.1 – 1998 Edition, Power Piping Code

♦ ASME B31.1a – 1999 Addenda, issued November 30, 1999

♦ ASME B31.1b – 2000 Addenda, issued September 15, 2000

2. ASME B 16.3 – 1998 Edition, Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings

3. ASME B 16.11 – 1996 Edition, Forged Steel Fittings – Socket-Welding and

Threaded

4. National Fire Protection Association Standards

♦ NFPA-12 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, 2000 Edition

♦ NFPA-12A Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems, 1997 Edition
♦ NFPA-17 Standard on Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, 1998 Edition
♦ NFPA 750 Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, 2000 Edition
♦ NFPA-2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2000 Edition

5. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Standard Specifications For:

♦ ASTM A53 – Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and
Seamless
♦ ASTM A106 – Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
♦ ASTM A178 – Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Tubes
♦ ASTM A179 – Seamless Cold Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat Exchanger and
Condenser Tubes
♦ ASTM A213 – Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy – Steel Boiler, Superheater,
and Heat Exchanger Tubes
♦ ASTM A249 – Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat Exchanger, and
Condenser Tubes
♦ ASTM A269 – Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for
General Service
♦ ASTM A312 – Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
♦ ASTM B88 – Seamless Copper Water Tube
♦ ASTM B280 – Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Service

6. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.

♦ MSS SP-127-2001 – Bracing For Piping Systems Seismic – Wind – Dynamic

Design, Selection, Application

Section 9 / Page 1 of 2
FSSA PDH-01 FSSA Pipe Design Handbook
August 2003

To order copies of the referenced publications, contact:

a. ASME International
22 Law Drive
P.O. Box 2900
Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900
Phone: 800-843-2763
973-882-1167
Fax: 973-882-1717
Website: asme.org

b. NFPA Standards
National Fire Protection Association
11 Tracy Drive
Avon, MA 02322-9908
Phone: 800-344-3555
Fax: 800-593-6372
Website: www.nfpa.org

c. ASTM Standards
American Society for Testing and Materials
100 Bar Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
Phone: 610-832-9585
Website: astm.org

d. Manufacturers Standardization Society

127 Park Street, N.E.
Vienna, VA 22180
Phone: 703-281-6613
Website: www.mss-hq.com

Section 9 / Page 2 of 2

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Clean Agent System Test Report-1

Uploaded by

Clean Agent System Test Report-1

Uploaded by

City of Black Hawk

System Test Report

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

9. All end-of-line resisters are in place. □ YES □ NO

CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

Initiating & Alerting Components

18. All alerting devices work properly. □ YES □ NO

CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

System Test Report

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

EMERGENCY GENERATOR SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

EMERGENCY GENERATOR SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

System Test Report

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Fire Alarm Inventory

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Initiation Devices & Notification Appliances

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

26. Emergency Generator(s) □ YES □ NO □ N/A

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

Stairway Door Locks

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

System Test Report

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Fire Alarm Inventory

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

13. The fuel filter/strainer was serviced. □ YES □ NO

FIRE PUMP SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

23. The shaft seals are dripping water properly. □ YES □ NO

FIRE PUMP SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

FIRE PUMP SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

System Test Report

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

5. All nozzles are properly positioned. □ YES □ NO

9. The fusible links were replaced. (Only required annually.) □ YES □ NO

HOOD SUPPRESSION SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

18. The cylinder gauge is in the operational range. □ YES □ NO

System Security & Monitoring

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

HOOD SUPPRESSION SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

System Test Report

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

Fire Alarm Inventory

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Breakout Glass (Obsolete)

b. The tempered breakout windows are unobstructed. □ YES □ NO

15. The fire dampers work on manual controls. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

18. Copy of Air Change Test Report is attached to this Smoke

Stairway & Elevator Shaft Pressurization

19. CFM: Stairway _________ Elevator _________

20. Measurements were taken from atmospheric pressure. □ YES □ NO

22. Readings were taken at every 5th floor. □ YES □ NO

25. Stair shaft pressures measure 0.15 in H2O □ YES □ NO

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

System Test Report

Occupancy Name: Contact Name:

# of Wet Systems in the Building:

Inspection & Testing Agency Information

Name: Phone: State Reg. No.:

SPRINKLER SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

Alarms & Supervisory Devices

Fire Department Connections

SPRINKLER SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

31. All control valves are secured or supervised. □ YES □ NO □ N/A

Printed Name of Building Representative: Signature:

SPRINKLER SYSTEM TEST REPORT | REV 03/2018

19. CFM: Stairway _ Elevator _