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Soil C and Phi Values

The document provides various relationships for estimating the angle of internal friction (φ) and cohesion (c) of soils based on standard penetration test (SPT) penetration values and soil type. It presents tables relating SPT N-values to φ for sands, soil consistency to SPT blows and unconfined compressive strength, and typical strength characteristics including c for compacted and saturated soils by Unified Soil Classification System group.

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2K views

Soil C and Phi Values

The document provides various relationships for estimating the angle of internal friction (φ) and cohesion (c) of soils based on standard penetration test (SPT) penetration values and soil type. It presents tables relating SPT N-values to φ for sands, soil consistency to SPT blows and unconfined compressive strength, and typical strength characteristics including c for compacted and saturated soils by Unified Soil Classification System group.

Uploaded by

thamirad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOTECHNICAL INFO .

COM

Typical relationships for estimating the angle of internal friction, , are as follows:

Empirical values for , of granular soils based on the standard penetration number,
(from Bowels, Foundation Analysis).

SPT Penetration, N-Value (blows/ foot)  (degrees)


0 25 - 30
4 27 - 32
10 30 - 35
30 35 - 40
50 38 - 43

Relationship between , and standard penetration number for sands, (from Peck
1974, Foundation Engineering Handbook).

SPT Penetration, N-
Value (blows/ foot) Density of Sand  (degrees)
<4 Very loose <29
4 - 10 Loose 29 - 30
10 - 30 Medium 30 - 36
30 - 50 Dense 36 - 41
>50 Very dense >41

Relationship between , and standard penetration number for sands, (from


Meyerhof 1956, Foundation Engineering Handbook).

SPT Penetration, N-
Value (blows/ foot) Density of Sand  (degrees)
<4 Very loose <30
4 - 10 Loose 30 - 35
10 - 30 Medium 35 - 40
30 - 50 Dense 40 - 45
>50 Very dense >45
c = Suc/2
Where:
c = cohesion, kN/m2 (lb/ft2), and
Suc = unconfined compressive strength, kN/m2 (lb/ft2).

Guide for Consistency of Fine-Grained Soil, NAVFAC 7.02


SPT
Penetration (blows/ Estimated
foot) Consistency Suc (tons/ft2)
<2 Very Soft <0.25
2-4 Soft 0.25 - 0.50
4-8 Medium 0.50 - 1.0
8 - 15 Stiff 1.0 - 2.0
15 - 30 Very Stiff 2.0 - 4.0
>30 Hard >4

Empirical Values for Consistency of Cohesive Soil, (from Foundation


Analysis, Bowels)
Estimated
SPT Penetration (blows/ foot) Consistency Suc (kips/ft2)
0-2 Very Soft 0 - 0.5
2-4 Soft 0.5 - 1.0
4-8 Medium 1.0 - 2.0
8 - 16 Stiff 2.0 - 4.0
16 - 32 Very Stiff 4.0 - 8.0
>32 Hard >8

Typical Strength Characteristics (from Lindeburg, Civil Engineering


Reference Manual for the PE Exam, 8th ed.)

USCS Soil Group c, as compacted (lb/ft2) (kN/m2) c, saturated (lb/ft2)


GW 0 0
GP 0 0
GM - -
GC - -
SW - -
SP - -
SM 1050 420
SM-SC 1050 300
SC 1550 230
ML 1400 190
ML-CL 1350 460
CL 1800 270
OL - -
MH 1500 420
CH 2150 230

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