IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE IMSEC/QF/48

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FORMATS Issue No: 02
Long Answer Question Bank Issue Date: 1 May 2010
Prepared by: MR Approved by: Director

Subject Name - Analog & Digital Communication Subject Code – NEC-702A

UNIT-1
(Amplitude Modulation)
1. What are the advantages of Amplitude modulation? The .carrier frequency and
amplitude of an AM broadcast transmitter is 100 MHz, 10v and signal frequency,
amplitude is 5 kHz, 5v. What is the approximate bandwidth the signal and
modulation index?
2. Explain the working of balanced frequency-discriminator with the help of a circuit
diagram.
3. The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 8 amp when only the carrier is sent,
but it increases to 8.93 amp when the carrier is modulated by a single sine wave"
Find the percentage of modulation. Determine the antenna current when the
percentage of modulation changes to 0.8.
4. What is the advantage of quadrature amplitude modulator? Explain with the help
of suitable block diagram?
5. Explain the working of phase shift method for SSB-SC generation with block
diagram. Also draw the spectrum of SSB-SC.
6. Describe the operation of super heterodyne receiver with block diagram. What are
the drawbacks of tuned radio receiver?
7. Define the vestigial side band modulation. Explain the working of frequency
discrimination method for VSB generation and calculate the bandwidth of it.

8. A modulating signal 10 sin (2π * 103 t) is used to modulate a carrier signal 20 sin
(2π* 104 t). Find the modulation index, percentage modulation, frequencies of the
sideband components and their amplitudes. What is the bandwidth of the
modulation signal?

9. Discuss the coherent detection of DSB-SC modulated wave with a block diagram
of
Detector and Explain.

10. Draw the block diagram for the generation and demodulation of a VSB signal and
explain the principle of operation.
11. Draw the circuit diagram of Ring modulator and explain with its operation.

UNIT-2
(Angle Modulation & Noise)
1. Explain the indirect method of generation of FM wave and any one method of
Demodulating an FM wave.

2. Derive the expression for the frequency modulated signal. Explain what is meant
by narrowband FM and wideband FM using the expression?

3. Explain any two techniques of demodulation of FM.

4. Explain the working of reactance tube modulator and derive an expression to

show how the variation of the amplitude of the input signal changes the
Frequency of the Output signal of the modulator.

5. Draw the frequency spectrum of FM and explain. Explain how Varactor diode can
be used for frequency modulation.

6. Discuss the indirect method of generating a wide-band FM signal.

7. What are the advantages of frequency modulation? The .carrier frequency of an

FM broadcast transmitter is 100 MHz and maximum frequency deviation is 75
kHz. If the highest audio frequency modulating the carrier is l5 kHz, what is the
approximate bandwidth the signal?

8. Explain the working of a balanced frequency-discriminator with the help of a

circuit diagram.

9. What is noise? Explain the different types of noise present in radio receiver.

10. A single tone FM is represented by v(t) = 12cos ( 6x108t + 5sin 1250t). Determine
the Following.
(i) Carrier frequency
(ii) Modulation frequency
(iii) Modulation index
(iv) Maximum deviation.
 UNIT-3
(Pulse Modulation & Waveform Coding)

1. What is sampling theorem? Proof the sampling theorem with the help of
mathematical expression. Also explain nyquist rate and nyquist interval for proper
sampling.

2. Classify the different sampling techniques. Also explain the working principle of
natural sampling with help of suitable block diagram, wave form.

3. A flat top sampling system samples a signal of maximum frequency 1Hz with 9.5
Hz sampling frequency. The pulse duration is 0.2second. Compute the amplitude
distortion due to aperture effect at highest signal frequency. Also determine the
equalization characteristics

4. With the help of proper block diagram and wave form explain the working of
pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Also give the expression to calculate
bandwidth of PAM signal.

5. With the help of proper block diagram and wave form explain the working of
pulse Width modulation (PWM). Also give the expression to calculate bandwidth
of PWM signal.

6. With the help of proper block diagram and wave form explain the working of
pulse Position modulation (PPM). Also give the expression to calculate
bandwidth of PPM signal.

7. What is Pulse code modulation (PCM)? With the help of block diagram of
transmitter, receiver and channel explain the working of PCM.

8. What is quantization? Why quantizer is used in ADC? Explain the working of

linear and non-linear quantizer with the help of suitable block diagram.

9. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4kHz. The input
signal varies in amplitude from – 3.8v to + 3.8v and has average power of 30Mw.
The required SNR is 20Db. The PCM modulator produces binary output.
Determine
(i) Number of bits required per sample.
(ii) Output of such 30 PCM coders are time multiplexed what will be minim
um required transmission bandwidth.
10. What is Differential Pulse code modulation (DPCM)? With the help of block
diagram of transmitter, receiver and channel explain the working of DPCM.

UNIT-4

1. Define figure of merit. Derive the expression for figure of merit for AM systems.
2. What is Delta modulation? Discuss the errors in Delta modulation. How they are
overcome in Adaptive Delta modulation?
3. What are vocoders? List various types of vocoders and discuss them briefly.
4. What is DPCM? Explain the working of DPCM with block diagram.
5. What do you mean by Noise? Show the effect of certain types of filters on the
noise.
6. What is slope overload error and Granular error?
7. Explain flat top sampling in detail.
8. Explain the working of Adaptive Delta modulation in detail.
9. How to generate PPM from PWM? Explain with proper waveforms.
10. Derive the spectral components of Noise.

UNIT-5
(Noise)

1. What is Time Division multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division multiplexing

(FDM)? Explain with suitable diagram.

2. With the help of suitable block diagram explain the working of a PAM/TDM
system. Also discuss why synchronization is essential in time division
multiplexing technique.

3. Explain the following term for PAM / TDM system.

(i) Frame
(ii) Signalling rate
(iii) Transmission bandwidth
(iv) Synchronization
(v) Crosstalk
(vi) Guard time

4. Define noise figure. Determine the noise figure in the case of DSB-SC
modulation.
5. Calculate the noise figure in FM and PM system.
6. Calculate the noise figure in various amplitude modulated signal.
7. Calculate the S/N ratio in square law modulator.
8. Draw and explain the basic block diagram of PLL. Define the capture range and
lock range of PLL.
9. What is PLL? How phase lock is achieved in PLL?
10. What is Pre-Emphasis and De-Emphasis? Explain