//Upper triangular matrix & Lower Triangular MAtrix

a=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]

disp(a,"The Original Matrix:")
[m,n]=size(a)
for i=1:m-1
for j=i+1:m
if a(i,i)==0 then
t=a(i,:)
a(i,:)=a(j,:)
a(j,:)=t
else
a(j,:)=a(j,:)-((a(j,i)*a(i,:))/a(i,i))
end
end
end
disp(a,"Upper Triangular:")
disp(a',"Lower Triangular") /*Okay! Transpose of an upper_tri square
matrix is lower trianguler!
//GAUSS ELIMINATION TO SOLVE LINEAR SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

// GIVEN EQ~~ -3x +2y-z=-1 6x-6y+7z=-7 3x-4y+4z=-6

//GIVING AUGMENTED MATRIX AS INPUT

A=[1 1 1 4;2 1 3 7;3 4 -2 9]

disp(A,"Augmented Matrix:")

/*transforming ~THE REQUIRED PART OF THE AUGMENTED MATRIX ~

into upper trangular matrix*/

// U p p e r t r i a n g u l a r i z a t i o n
[m,n]=size(A)
for(i=1:m-1)
for(j=i+1:m)
if A(i,i)==0 then
t=A(i,:)
A(i,:)=A(j,:)
A(j,:)=t
else
A(j,:)=A(j,:)-(A(j,i)*A(i,:))/A(i,i); /*No idea whats goin'on here!!
But it works*/
end
end
end
mprintf("Upper triangularized the necessary elements of matrix:")
disp(A)

// back s u b s t i t u t i o n

x (3) =A (3 ,4) / A (3 ,3) ;

disp (x(3),"Z=" )
for (i =2: -1:1)
k =0
for (j = i+1:3)
k = k + A (i , j ) * x ( j )
end
x ( i ) =(1/ A (i , i ) ) *( A (i ,4) -k )
end
//mprintf("X2:")
disp(x(2),"Y=")
disp(x(1),"X=")
//GAUSS SEIDAL METHOD

A=[3 -0.1 -0.2;0.1 7 -0.3;0.3 -0.2 10]

B=[7.85;19.3;74.4]
disp(A,"Coefficient Matrix:")
disp(B,"Solution Matrix:")

[m,n]=size(A)

x=zeros(1,n)
//disp(x)
err=1
while(err>0.0001)
old_x=x
for(k=1:3)
sum=0
for(s=1:n)
if(k==s)then
sum=sum
else
sum=sum+A(k,s)*x(s)
end
x(k)=(B(k)-sum)/A(k,k)
end
end
err=norm(x-old_x)
disp(err,"Error")
disp(x,"X, Y, Z=")
end

disp(x,"X, Y, Z=")
//DE SOLUTION USING ODE

/* dy/dx=-2x-y Initial condition y(0)=-1. Find value at y(0.4)*/

function dy=f(x, y)
dy=-2*x-y
endfunction

x0=0
y0=-1
x=[0:0.001:0.4]

sol=ode(y0,x0,[0:0.001:0.4],f)

/*(y0,x0,xf,function) parameters of 'ode'*/

disp(sol(0.4/0.001),"Answe, at x=0 y=:")

plot(x,sol,3)
// 2nd Order DE using ODE

/* y"+y=0, initial codition y(0)=0 & y'(0)=0; Find y(5) and y'(5).
Ans: y(5)=0.28 & y'(5)=0.95*/

function dx=f(x, y)
dx(1)=y(2)
dx(2)=-y(1)
endfunction
//x=[0:0.1:5]
soln=ode([1;0],0,5,f)
disp(soln(1),"At x=5 value of y=")
disp(soln(2),"At x=5 value of dy/dx=")

/*Another Example
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
//2nd Order DE using ODE

/* 2*(d2y/dt2)-5*(dy/dt)+y=0, initial condition y(3)=6 & y'(3)=-1. Find y(4) and y'(4).

function dx=f(t, x)
dx(1)=x(2)
dx(2)=((5*x(2))-x(1))/2
endfunction
x=[0:0.1:4]
soln=ode([6;-1],3,4,f)
disp(soln(1),"y=")
disp(soln(2),"dy/dt=")

------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
//Solveing DE using Euler Method

/* dy/dx=-2x-y Initial condition y(0)=-1. Find value at y(0.4)

Ans: y(0.4)=-0.81 */

function dy=f(x, y)
dy=-2*x-y
endfunction

x0=0
y0=-1
xf=0.5
h=0.001
n=(xf-x0)/h
X=[]
Y=[]
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
for (i=1:n)
y0=y0+h*f(x0,y0)
x0=x0+h;
X=[X,x0];
Y=[Y,y0];
end
plot(X,Y,3);
disp(Y(n),"Answe, at x=0 y=") //Value of y at x=0.4

/*
//ANOTHER EXAMPLE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// dy/dx=3*(e)^-x - 0.4y. Initial cond. y(0)=5. Find y(3).

Ans: y(3)=2.763

function dy=f(x, y)
dy=3*exp(-x)-(0.4*y)
endfunction

//initial condition
x0=0
y0=5
xf=3
h=0.0001
n=(xf-x0)/h

X=[]
Y=[]
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]

//Euler loop
for i=0:n
y0=y0+f(x0,y0)*h
x0=x0+h
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
end
plot(X,Y,3)
disp(Y(n))

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
//Euler Method for 2nd Order DE

/* y"+y=0, initial codition y(0)=0 & y'(0)=0; Find y(5) and y'(5).
Ans: y(5)=0.28 & y'(5)=0.95*/

function dy=f1(x, y, z)
dy=z
endfunction
function dz=f2(x, y, z)
dz=-y
endfunction

x0=0
y0=1
z0=0
xf=5
h=0.001
n=(xf-x0)/h

X=[]
Y=[]
Z=[]
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
Z=[Z,z0]

for i=0:n
y0=y0+h*f1(x0,y0,z0)
z0=z0+h*f2(x0,y0,z0)
x0=x0+h
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
Z=[Z,z0]

end
plot(X,Y,3)
plot(X,Z,"r")
disp(Y(n),"At x=5 value of y=")
disp(Z(n),"At x=5 value of z=")

/* Another example
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/* 2*y"+3y'+5y=11e^(-x). Initial condition y(0)=7 and y'(0)=13. Find y(0.5) and y'(0.5).
And: y(0.5)=9.90
y'(0.5)=-0.45

function dy=f1(x, y, z)
dy=z
endfunction
function dz=f2(x, y, z)
dz=((11*exp(-x))-(3*z)-(5*y))/2
endfunction

x0=0
y0=7
z0=13
xf=0.5
h=0.001
n=(xf-x0)/h
X=[]
Y=[]
Z=[]
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
Z=[Z,z0]

for i=0:n
y0=y0+h*f1(x0,y0,z0)
z0=z0+h*f2(x0,y0,z0)
x0=x0+h
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
Z=[Z,z0]

end
plot(X,Y,3)
plot(X,Z,"r")
disp(Y(n),"At x=5 value of y=") //Actual value of y=9.90
disp(Z(n),"At x=5 value of z=")

----------------------------------------------------------------*/
//Modified Euler

/* dy/dx=-2x-y. Initial condition y(0)=-1. Find value at y(0.4)

Ans: y(0.4)=-0.81 */

function dy=f(x, y)
dy=-2*x-y
endfunction
x0=0
y0=-1
xf=0.4

h=0.001
n=(xf-x0)/h

X=[]
Y=[]
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
for i=0:n
k1=f(x0,y0)
k2=f(x0+h/2,y0+(h*k1)/2)
y0=y0+h*k2
x0=x0+h
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]

end
plot(X,Y,3)
disp(Y(n),"At x=0.4 value of y=")
disp(X(n),"x")
//Runge-Kutta2 for DE

/* dy/dx=-2x-y. Initial condition y(0)=-1. Find value at y(0.4)

Ans: y(0.4)=-0.81 */

function dy=f(x, y)
dy=-2*x-y
endfunction
x0=0
y0=-1
xf=0.4

h=0.001
n=(xf-x0)/h

X=[]
Y=[]
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]

for i=0:n
k1=h*f(x0,y0)
k2=h*f((x0+h),(y0+k1))
y0=y0+(k1+k2)/2
x0=x0+h

X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]

end

plot(X,Y,3)
disp(Y(n),"At x=0.4 value of y=")
disp(X(n),"x")
//Runge-Kutta2 for 2nd Order DE

/* y"+y=0, initial codition y(0)=0 & y'(0)=0; Find y(5) and y'(5).
Ans: y(5)=0.28 & y'(5)=0.95*/

function dy=f1(x, y, z)
dy=z
endfunction
function dz=f2(x, y, z)
dz=-y
endfunction

x0=0
y0=1
z0=0
xf=5

h=0.001
n=(xf-x0)/h
X=[]
Y=[]
Z=[]
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
Z=[Z,z0]

for i=0:n
k1=h*f1(x0,y0,z0)
m1=h*f2(x0,y0,z0)
k2=h*f1((x0+h),(y0+k1),(z0+m1))
m2=h*f2((x0+h),(y0+k1),(z0+m1))

y0=y0+(k1+k2)/2
z0=z0+(m1+m2)/2

x0=x0+h

X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]
Z=[Z,z0]

end

plot(X,Y,3)
plot(X,Z,"r")
disp(X(n),"x=")
disp(Y(n),"At x=0.5 value of y=")
disp(Z(n),"At x=0.5 value of z=")
//Mid-Point Method for DE

/* dy/dx=-2x-y Initial condition y(0)=-1. Find value at y(0.4)

Ans: y(0.4)=-0.81 */

function dy=f(x, y)
dy=-2*x-y
endfunction
x0=0
y0=-1
xf=0.4

h=0.001
n=(xf-x0)/h

X=[]
Y=[]
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]

for i=0:n
k1=f(x0,y0)
k2=f((x0+h/2),(y0+(k1*h/2)))
y0=y0+k2*h
x0=x0+h
X=[X,x0]
Y=[Y,y0]

end

plot(X,Y,3)
disp(Y(n),"At x=0.4 value of y=")
disp(X(n),"x")
//BESSEL function

/*using inbuilt function 'besselj'*/

x=[0:0.01:20]'
n=0:5
y=besselj(n,x)
plot2d(x,y,leg="J0@J1@J2@J3@J4@J5");
xlabel("X")
ylabel("Yn(x)")

/*
------------------------------------------------------------

/*Manually computing*/

function y=bes(n)
m=100
y=0
for r=0:m
a=factorial(r)
b=gamma(n+r+1)
y=y+((-1)**r)*(1/(a*b))*(x/2)^(2*r+n)
end
endfunction
for n=0:5
x=0:0.1:20
plot(x,bes(n))
end
//LEGENDRE Function

/*using inbuilt*/

x=[-1:0.01:1]'
n=0:5
y=legendre(n,0,x)'
plot2d(x,y,leg="P0@P1@P2@P3@P4@P5")
xlabel("X")
ylabel("Pn(x)")

/*
---------------------------------------------
// Computing manually

function y=leg(n)
if(modulo(n,2)==0)
m=n/2;
else
m=(n-1)/2
end
y=0;
for(r=0:m)
a=factorial(r)
b=factorial(2*n-2*r)
c=factorial(n-r)
d=factorial(n-2*r)
y=y+((((-1)^r)*b*x^(n-2*r))/(2^n*a*c*d));
end
endfunction

for(n=0:5)
x=[-1:0.01:1];
plot2d(x,leg(n))
end

*/
//Orthogonality of Legendre Polynomial

x=[-1:0.01:1]
function y=p(n)
y=0
m=int(n/2)
for r=0:1:m

a=factorial(r)
b=factorial(2*n-2*r)
c=factorial(n-r)
d=factorial(n-2*r)
y=y+((((-1)^r)*b*x^(n-2*r))/(2^n*a*c*d));

end
endfunction
q=integrate('p(3)*p(2)','x',-1,1)
disp(q)
q1=integrate('p(3)*p(3)','x',-1,-1)
disp(q1)