L T P C

EC0201 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIEDL THEORY 3 0 0 3

Prerequisite
MA0102

PURPOSE

To enable the students, to have a fair knowledge about the theory and problems of electromagnetism and
waveguides.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
·0 Understand the basic concepts of electric field and magnetic field
·1 Compare between field and circuit theory
·2 Need for impedance matching and different impedance matching techniques
·3 Different types of waveguides

UNIT-I:
Coordinate systems and transformation:
Cartesian coordinates, cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates system.
Vector calculus:
Differential length, area and volume, line surface and volume integrals, del operator, gradient of a scalar,
divergence of a vector and divergence theorem, curl of a vector and Stoke’s theorem, Laplacian of a scalar.

UNIT-II: STATIC ELECTRIC

Introduction to co-ordinate system-Coulomb’s law: Electric field intensity-Field due to different types of
charges-Electric Flux density. Gauss law: It’s applications to symmetrical charge distributions- Concept of
divergence. Electric potential: Potential field due to different types of charges-Potential gradient-The dipole-
field due to dipole-Energy density in electrostatic field.

UNIT-III: MAGNETOSTATIC
Biot Savart Law: Its applications. Ampere’s circuital law: Its applications-Curl of magnetic field intensity-
Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density-The scalar and vector magnetic potentials-Steady magnetic field laws.

UNIT-IV: MAXWELLS EQUATIONS AND TIME VARYING FIELDS

Maxwell’s Equations: For steady fields in point form and integral form-Faraday’s law- displacement current-
Maxwell’s equations in point form and integral form for time-varying fields-Comparison of field and circuit
theory. Poynting Theorem: Poynting vector

UNIT-V: PARELLEL PLATE WAVE GUIDED & APPLICATIONS

Waves between parallel planes: Transverse electric waves-Transverse magnetic waves-characteristic of TEand
TM waves-TEM waves. Velocity of propagation-Attenuation in parallel plane guides-Wave impedance

TEXT BOOKS

·4 William H.Hayt,Jr and John A.Buck., “Engineering Electromagnetics”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Ltd, 7th edition 2006.
·5 G.S.N.Raju., “Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines” Pearson Education, First Indian
print 2005
REFERENCE BOOKS

·6 Matthew N. O. Sadiku., “Elements of Electromagnetics”, Oxford University Press,3 rd edition, First

Indian edition 2006

·7 Gangadhar K.A , “Field Theory”, Khanna Publications,2000

·8 Muthusubramanian R and Senthil Kumar N, “Electromagnetic field theory”,Anuradha publications,1999

·9 Edward Jordan and KG Balmain, “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiationg Systems”, Pearson education,
2nd edition.

L T P C
EC0208 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES 3 0 0 3
Prerequisite
EC0201

PURPOSE
To lay a strong foundation on the theory of transmission line and networks by highlighting their applications.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
·10 To become familiar with propagation of signals through lines.
·11 Calculation of various line parameters by conventional and graphical methods.
·12 Need for impedance matching and different impedance matching techniques.
·13 Design of different types of filters, equalizer and attenuators.

UNIT-I: TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY

General theory of Transmission lines - the transmission line – general solution - The infinite line – Wavelength,
velocity of propagation – Waveform distortion – the distortion less line - Loading and different methods of
loading – Line not terminated in Z 0 – Reflection coefficient – calculation of current , voltage, power delivered
and efficiency of transmission – Input and transfer impedance - Open and short circuited lines – reflection factor
and reflection loss.

UNIT-II: HIGH FREQUENCY PLANER TRANSMISSION LINES

Transmission line equations at radio frequencies - Line of Zero dissipation – Voltage and current on the
dissipation less line, Standing Waves, Nodes , Standing Wave Ratio – Input impedance of the dissipation less
line - Open and short circuited lines - Power and impedance measurement on lines - Reflection losses –
Measurement of VSWR and wavelength.

UNIT-III: IMPEDANCE MATCHING IN HIGH FREQUENCY LINES

Impedance matching: Quarter wave transformer – Impedance matching by stubs – Single stub and double stub
matching – Smith chart – Solutions of problems using Smith chart – Single and double stub matching using
Smith chart.
UNIT-IV: RECANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

Field Components, TE, TM Modes, Dominant TE 10 mode, Characterstics wave impedace, cut-off
frequency, group and phase velocities, Imposssibility of TEM in waveguides, Field Distribution, Power,
Attenuation.

UNIT-V: CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDES

Introduction to circular waveguide, TE, TM modes propagation in circular waveguide, mode numbering
system, power transmission in circular waveguide, excitation modes in circular waveguides.

TEXT BOOKS
·14 John D.Ryder, “Networks, Lines and Fields”, PHI, 1991.

·15 Sudhakar. A, Shyammohan S Palli, “Circuits and Networks – Analysis and Synthesis”, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2002.
REFERENCE BOOK

1. Umesh Sinha, “Transmission Lines and Networks”, Satya Prakashan Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2001.

L T P C
EC0305 ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION 3 0 0 3
Prerequisite
EC0208

PURPOSE

The purpose of this course is to enable the students to the basics of antennas and various types of antenna arrays
and its radiation patterns. The main objective of this subject is to help students to identify the different latest
antennas available for specific communication.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
·16 To study various antennas, arrays and radiation patterns of antennas.
·17 To learn the basic working of antennas
·18 To understand various techniques involved in various antenna parameter measurements.
·19 To understand the propagation of radio waves in the atmosphere

UNIT-I: ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS

Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters, Patterns, Beam Area (or Beam Solid Angle)ΩA, Radiation
Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity D and Gain G, Directivity and Resolution, Antenna Apertures,
Effective Height, The radio Communication link, Fields from Oscillating Dipole, Single-to-Noise
Ratio(SNR), Antenna Temperature, Antenna Impedance, Retarded Potential, Far Field due to an alternating
current element, Power radiated by a current element, Field variation due to sinusoidal current distribution.

UNIT-II: ANTENNA ARRAYS

Introduction, Point Source ,Power Theorem and its Application to an Isotropic Source, Radiation Intensity,
Arrays of Two Isotropic Point Sources, Nonisotropic but Similar Point Sources and the Principle of Pattern
Multiplication, Various forms of antenna arrays – Broadside, End fire, Array of “N” sources – analysis of End
fire and Broadside case, phased arrays, Binomial arrays.
 UNIT-III: SPECIAL PURPOSE ANTENNAS
The Loop Antenna. Design and its Characteristic Properties, Application of Loop Antennas, Far Field
Patterns of Circular Loop Antennas with Uniform Current, Slot Antennas, Horn Antennas, Helical
Antennas, The Log-Periodic Antenna, Micro strip Antennas

UNIT-IV: Reflector Antennas & Antenna Measurments

Flat Sheet Reflectors, Corner Reflectors, The Parabola-General Properties, A comparison Between
Parabolic and Corner Reflectors, The Paraboloidal Reflector, Patterns of Large Circular Apertures with
Uniform Illumination, Reflector Types(summarized), Feed Methods for Parabolic Reflectors,
Antenna Measurements
Introduction, Antenna Measurement ranges, Radiation pattern Measurements, Gain and Directivity
Measurements, Spectrum Analyzer

UNIT-V: RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

Ground Wave Propagation
Plane Earth Reflection, Space Wave and Surface Wave,
Space Wave Propagation
Introduction, Field Strength Relation, Effects of Imperfect Earth, Effects of Curvature of Earth,
Sky wave Propagation
Introduction structural Details of the ionosphere, Wave Propagation Mechanism, Refraction and Reflection
of Sky Waves by ionosphere, Ray Path, Critical Frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual Height and Skip
Distance, Relation Between MUF and the Skip Distance, Multi-Hop Propagation, Wave Characteristics .

TEXT BOOKS
·20 Constantine A.Balanis, “Antenna Theory analysis and Design”,II Edition,John wiley and Sons.
·21 R.E.Collin, “Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation”, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1985.

REFERENCE BOOKS
·22 Robert S. Elliott, “Antenna Hand Book”, Joseph J. Carr, Galgotia Publication, New Delhi, 1995.
·23 K.D. Prasad, “Antenna and Wave Propagation”, Tech India Publications, New Delhi, 1996.
·24 John. D. Kraus, “Antennas”, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1988