FYP 1 PROPOSAL

AUTOMATIC GARBAGE COLLECTOR

USING ROBOTIC TRUCK

MOHAMAD AZIM BIN IBRAHIM

2017219466

MUHAMMAD HAFIZZUDDIN BIN NOORZAIDY

2017220002

MADAM MASHITAH BINTI MOHD HUSSAIN

SEMESTER MARCH-JULY 2019

ABSTRACT

Imagine a place where garbage management is no longer a problem. After brainstorming

and a little research on the internet, we come up with a solution of using an automatic system in a
smart area consisting of a smart moving robotic truck and smart trash bins. By doing this system,
we believe we can overcome the problem of garbage management which provides bad smells,
bad view and pests problem.

The smart moving robotic truck uses a line following system to operate. As they move,
the will take a brief stop at every trash bin to collect garbage. As the rubbish is collected daily,
the problem of garbage piling up will no longer happen. While the robotic truck stop for a
moment at the trash bin, the trash bin should move itself throwing its rubbish into the space on
the back of the robotic truck.

The robotic truck operates by using the Arduino Nano as its brain. They also use IR
sensors to detect the dedicated line. When the line is detected, the robot will move by itself until
its RFID sensor senses the trash bin. The trash bin uses Arduino Uno which can control many
operating trash bin at the same time. Each trash bin also use a sensor which is ultrasonic sensor
to detect arrived robotic truck. As an upgrade, we plan to use stronger motor and tires in order to
support more loads on our robotic truck.
TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Introduction
2.0 Literature review
3.0 Research methodology
4.0 Results and discussion
5.0 Conclusion
6.0 References
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

The management of waste have always been an issue for our environmental
ecosystem. If our waste do not get a proper management, our future generation may not
survive if our world pollution are getting worst. In order to make sure our next generation
have safe future, we have to do something in order to prevent any kind of pollution that
may destroy our Earth. As example, some animal suffer from our plastic waste. The most
common animal that come to extinction because of human is sea turtle. Luckily, the
damage was not strong enough to make our sea turtle extinct as a few organisation such
as The International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) have step up to save our animals.

Nowadays, most of the rubbish is disposed to a modern landfills. The waste are
segregated into municipal solid waste, construction and demolition waste and white
goods. These types of waste are disposed separately. Furthermore, recyclable waste is
diverted to recycling depots for recycling process. The waste generally is rolled over and
turned into compact pile with the help of heavy equipment and lastly buried into
engineered cells.

Before the waste can be managed at any landfills, we need to collect them first. The
process of collecting waste is a tough job as its cover all around the world. Every place in
this world will produce waste. If not collected properly, pollution may occur. All of us
know that pollution is bad for the earth so, we are trying to build a smart city that
Introduce a waste collecting system by using a arduino based line following robot. The
robot is programmed to collect garbage from each authorized trash bin in the specific
area. The robot is basically an automatic garbage collector that will collect rubbish
without the help of man power. We just need a technician to service the robot regularly at
least twice a week as the robot may operate to the time set for the robot to collect the
trash.

We could see the potential of the robot may provide which is actually superior and
much better from our ongoing system which use a dedicated garbage lorry company
which cannot covered all civilization area as the lorry and worker have their own limit
which is tiredness and lack of lorry. The robot can easily collect rubbish form any
dedicated trash bin and send it to a bigger garbage disposal area. It actually can ease the
garbage lorry company in collecting garbages at housing area.
1.2 Research Background

Nowadays, the management of rubbish in our society is not good enough. Our
modern garbage collecting system cannot collect all garbage efficiently. Our modern
garbage collecting system is managed by the government. Our government cannot
provide enough truck and worker to handle a big area. Furthermore, it is hard to find
individual that want to work in the rubbish collecting industry. It is because the lines of
duty which consist of interacting with dirty rubbish which smell bad and probably bring
in disease. Lastly, human worker faces some certain issue that can be overcome by using
robot. Human worker needs holidays from work either it is for taking a break or attending
important activity such as wedding or funeral. Human worker also have a probability of
having a disease which make the worker to take a break from the work.

1.3 Research Objectives

Based on the following problem statements given, the objectives of this project
are as followings:
1. To design a system that can ease the labor’s work by using a robot that
collect garbage and gather them in one place.
2. To construct a system that reduce the cost by having less worker.
3. To develop a smart city area using robot controlled by arduino.

1.4 Scope of Work

The project will be developed by using Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano, sensors, motors,
LED and LCD. The robotic truck collects rubbish from at least one block of smart
housing area. The robotic truck collects garbage daily from a smart city area. The robotic
can handle at least 2 Kilograms of rubbish at a time.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

NO TITLE AUTHOR CONCEPT MAIN

COMPONENT
1. IOT based smart N. Sathish proposes a smart • RFID,
garbage alert Kuma,rB. alert system for • MSL,
system using Vuayalakshmi,R. garbage • e-Monitoring,
Arduino UNO Jenifer clearance by • Arduino
Prarthana,A. giving an alert UNO,
Shankar signal to the • Wi-Fi,
municipal web • Ultrasonic
server for instant Sensor
cleaning of
dustbin with
proper
verification
based on level of
garbage filling.

2. Garbage Kasliwal Manasi the level of • Arduino Uno

Management H. , Suryawanshi waste material in • Ultrasonic
Using Internet Smitkumar B. the garbage bin Sensor
of Things for has been • GSM Modem
Smart Cities detected with the
help of
ultrasonic sensor
and it will
continuously
communicate to
the authorized
control room
through GSM
module.
3. Intelligent PedroReis, It is a • MSW
system for RuiPitarma, technological Management,
valorizing solid Celistino tool that • PAYT,
urban waste Gonçalves, identifies the • GAYT,
Filipe Caetano waste produced • Sensor
individually, Networks,
using RFID tags • Zigbee,
embedded in • RFID,
rubbish bags -
the iBags. When
depositing
waste, the
recycling center
identifies and
weighs each bag
and the collected
data is sent to a
server system
using ZigBee
communication
standard

4. Efficient Nagalingeswari1 , monitor the dust • Lolin

Garbage Krishna Prasad bins and check Nodemcu
Management Satamraju2 the status of the • Arduino
System for amount of • Esp8266
Smart Cities garbage filling Arduino Core
up in the bins
and when it
reaches
threshold level,
alert will be
triggered.
5. Wireless dust P. Siva Nagendra collecting waste • Arduino
bin monitoring Reddy ; into the dumping • SBM
and alert system R. Naresh Naik ; vehicles. When • GSM
using Arduino A. Amareshwar ever dustbin • MQ-4
Kumar ; filled to certain
S. Nanda Kishor levels the
module placed
on the dustbin
will send an alert
message to
server node.
From the server
node it again
sends a message
to the concerned
authorities. This
system also
sends
information
about harmful
gases emanation.
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Component:
 Arduino Uno
 Arduino Nano
 DC 3.7V and 9V power supply
 RFID, Ultrasonic and IR Sensor
 LCD module
 LED
 Motor, Motor driver

3.2 Block Diagram

IR SENSOR FOR LINE LCD

DETECTION

ARDUINO
NANO LED

MOTOR DRIVER
RFID SENSOR MOTOR

ROBOTIC TRUCK BLOCK DIAGRAM

 ARDUINO
ULTRASONIC SERVO MOTOR
SENSOR
UNO

TRASH BIN BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.3 Flow Chart

Start

Initialize variable

Configure LCD Pin

Configure Sensor Pin

Configure LED pin

Display “Running” on
LCD

LED light up

Read analog input for

IR sensor (line
detection)

No IR Sensor detect
line

Yes

Motor run

No RFID sensor Yes

detect A
ultrasonic
sensor

ROBOTIC TRUCK FLOW CHART

End
TRASH BIN FLOW CHART
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 EXPECTED RESULTS

• The line following robot will move according to its dedicated line
• The robot will stop for a moment after detecting Ultrasonic sensor from trash bin
• Trash bin will open its door to let the rubbish enter the robot and then close it back
• The robot will continue it work toward next trash bin
• The robot will stop operating if no line is detected at the end of the dedicated line

4.2 DISCUSSION
• Make three garbage collecting point in our project, which mean we will have three smart
garbage controlled by one arduino
• The robotic truck will have a design like a timber’s truck to make sure it can carry more
loads
• The head of the robotic truck will contain all the sensitive component suck as sensor and
arduino
• The simulation of the project was able to carry out after troubleshooting of some missing
component
• The coding was able to be made after some online study and researching

5.0 CONCLUSION

Based from the projects, the automatic trash collecting system will work just fine with the
combination of line following robot with Arduino Nano and Smart Trash Bin with Arduino
Uno. The system should overcome the limit of current trash collecting system available with
the automatic robot that could work every day without problem. So, there will be no more
rubbish that be left idle for a week in the housing area.
6.0 REFERENCES

[1] N.S. Kumar, B. Vuayalakshmi, R. J. Prarthana and A. Shankar, "IOT based smart
garbage alert system using Arduino UNO," 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference
(TENCON), Singapore, 2016, pp. 1028-1034.

[2] International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) e-ISSN
2455–1392 Volume 2 Issue 5, May 2016 pp. 348 – 353

[3] P. Reis, R. Pitarma, C. Gonçalves and F. Caetano, "Intelligent system for valorizing solid
urban waste," 2014 9th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies
(CISTI), Barcelona, 2014, pp. 1-4.

[4] K.Tharun Kumara Reddy etcl (2015) An IOT based Remote Monitoring of Landfill sites
using Raspberry Pi2 in international conference in Emerging trends in Electrical,
communications and information Technologies, proceedings of ICECIT2015, Springer
publications, pp 219-227.

[5] P. S. N. Reddy, R. N. Naik, A. A. Kumar and S. N. Kishor, "Wireless dust bin monitoring
and alert system using Arduino," 2017 Second International Conference on
Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), Coimbatore, 2017,
pp. 1-5.