Material and its Properties:

Type of wood Mahogany

Bending and Tension, Fb = 13.8 MPa
Shear, Fv = 1.63 MPa
Compression, Fc = 9.10 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 6550 MPa
Specific Gravity = 6.28 kN/m3
Fp = 9.1 MPa
Loadings:
Wind Pressure = 1.44 kPa
Minimum Roof Live Load = 0.764 kPa
GI roofing = 0.143 kPa

Spacings: Truss Data:

Purlins = 0.7 m Span = 8 m
theta, ѳ = 26.57 deg Height = 2 m
Truss = 2.5 m
Floor joist = 0.5 m

DESIGN OF PURLINS
Dimension Trial for Purlins:
2 " x 6 " = 50 mm x 150 mm

I = 14062500 mm4
Loadings:
Dead Load
Roofing = 0.1001 kN/m
Purlin weight = 0.0471 kN/m
Total DL = 0.1472 kN/m

Live Load = 0.5348 kN/m

WDL+LL = 0.682 kN/m

Wind Load = -0.7056 kN/m

LOAD COMBINATIONS:

Normal:
case1: Dead Load + Live Load: Wn =Pn( cos ѳ ) = 0.6100 kN/m
case2: Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load: Pn( cos ѳ ) = -0.0211 kN/m
Tangential:
Dead Load + Live Load: Wt =Pt( sin ѳ) = 0.3050 kN/m

Wn = 0.6100 kN/m
 Wt = 0.3050 kN/m

Moments:
Mx = Mn = 1/8 WnL2 = 0.4766 kN-m
My = Mt = 1/8 WtL 2
= 0.2383 kN-m

Shear:
Vx = (1/2)WnL = 0.7625 kN
Vy = (1/2)WtL = 0.3812 kN

CHECK FOR BENDING:

To be safe, Fb > Fact

6 Mx 6 My
Fact =  2 = 6.3542 Mpa < 13.8 Mpa
bh 2 b h

design is safe in bending!

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

To be safe, Fv > Fvact

3Vx 3Vy
Fvact =  = 0.2287 Mpa < 1.63 Mpa
2bh 2bh

design is safe in shearing!

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

To be safe, Yall > Yact

Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI) = 3.3684 mm

Yallow = L/240 = 10.4167 mm

design is safe!

Therefore,

Use 2 " x 6 "

Wooden purlins 0.7 m spacing o.c
 DESIGN OF TRUSS

Load carried by the truss:

Dimension Trial for Truss:

2 " x 4 " = 50 mm x 100 mm

I = 4166667 mm4

WT = 1.3876 kN/m

1.7345 2.5 m 1.7345

Weight of Top chord:

W tc = 0.0314 kN/m

Load passed by purlins:

R = 1.7345 kN
W e= 2.4779 kN/m

Total Distributed Load carried by the truss:

W = 2.5093 kN/m

Using GRASP software

BAR FORCES
TOP CHORDS
2 -16.8376
4 -12.6282
3 -12.6282
10 -16.8376
BOTTOM CHORDS
1 13.81
5 13.81
7 13.81
11 13.81
DIAGONALS
8 -7.0157
13 -7.0157
VERTICALS
6 0
9 6.275
12 0

DESIGN OF TOP CHORD:

Trial Dimension:
3 " x 6 " = 75 mm x 150 mm

I = 21093750 mm4

P = 16.84 kN
L = 2.2361 m

L/d = 29.814
.5
   E 
K    
 = 8.6023 since L/d>K
 4   6 fc  it is long column

To be safe:
Fc < fc

 2E
Fc  2
= 2.0202
L
36 
d 
fc = P/A = 1.49688889 < 2.02018
 design is safe!

Therefore,

Use 3 " x 6 "

for TOP CHORD

DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD:

Trial Dimension:
2 " x 4 " = 50 mm x 100 mm

I = 4166667 mm4

P = 13.81 kN
L = 2.0000 m

L/d = 40.0
.5
   E  = 8.6023 since L/d>K
K    

 4   6 fc  it is long column

To be safe:
Fc < fc
 2E
Fc  2 = 1.12232
L
36 
d 
fc = P/A = 2.761 > 1.12232

not safe, try another dimension

Therefore,

Use 2 " x 4 "

for BOTTOM CHORD

DESIGN OF DIAGONAL:

Trial Dimension:
3 " x 4 " = 75 mm x 100 mm

I = 6250000 mm4

P = -7.0157 kN
 L = 2.4495 m

L/d = 32.660

.5
   E  = 8.6023 since L/d>K
K    

 4   6 fc  it is long column

To be safe:
Fc < fc

 2E
Fc  2
= 1.6835
L
36 
d 
fc = P/A = 0.93542667 < 1.68349

design is safe!

Therefore,

Use 3 " x 4 "

for DIAGONAL

DESIGN OF VERTICAL:

Trial Dimension:
2 " x 6 " = 50 mm x 150 mm

I = 14062500 mm4

P = 6.275 kN
L = 2.2361 m

L/d = 44.721
.5
   E  = 8.6023 since L/d>K
K    

 4   6 fc  it is long column

To be safe:
Fc < fc

 2E
Fc  2 = 0.8979
L
36 
d 
  2E
Fc  2
L
36 
d 

fc = P/A = 0.83666667 < 0.8979

design is safe!

Therefore,

Use 2 " x 6 "

for VERTICAL

CHECK FOR STRESS REVERSAL:

To be safe:

Fb >= ft

Fb = 13.80 MPa
P
ft  = 1.39 < 13.80
 3 / 5 Ag
design is safe!
Therefore,

Use 2 " x 6 "

for VERTICAL
 DESIGN OF TONGUE AND GROOVE

DATA:
DATA: Specific Gravity
Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa Modulus of Elasticity
Specific Gravity = 6.28 kN/m3 Length of Girder
Modulus of Elasticity = 6550.00 MPa Joist Spacing
Residential Live Load
Dimension Trial: Weight of the girder
1 " x 2 " = 25 mm x 50 mm
Dimension Trial:
I = 260417 mm 4

LOADINGS:
Dead Load (Weight of T&G) = Area X S.G. = 0.00785 kN/m
Live Load (Residential LL) = 0.1 kN/m
WDL+LL = 0.10785 kN/m
joist
MMAX = (1/8)WL2 = 0.0034 kN-m
VMAX = wL/2 = 0.0270 kN

CHECK FOR BENDING: To be safe, Fb > Fact

To be safe, Fb > Fact

Fact = 6Mmax/bh2 Total load carried by

= 0.32
Fb = 13.80 Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR SHEAR;

To be safe, Fv > Fvact Analysis using GRAS

Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)
= 0.03
Fv= 1.63 Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

To be safe, Yall > Yact

Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI) Bending Moment

= 0.05146
Yallow = L/360 = 1.38889 Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe

Therefore,
Use 1 " x 2 "
for T & G
 DESIGN OF FLOOR JOISTS
Shear Forces

DATA:
Specific Gravity = 6.28 kN/m3
Modulus of Elasticity = 6550 MPa
Length of joist = 4.00 m
Joist Spacing = 0.50 m
Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa

Dimension Trial:
4 " x 8 " = 100 mm x 200 mm

I = 66666667 mm4

The following values

T&G

Floor Joist 0.20 m CHECK FOR BENDIN

0.50 m Fact = 6Mmax

=
0.10 m Fb=
Dead Loads:
CHECK FOR SHEAR;
Weight of joist = Specific Gravity X Area of Joist = 0.1256 Kn/m
Load carried from T&G = 0.0270 Kn/m Fvact = (3/2)(V
=
Fv=
Live Load:
Floor LL = 1 Kn/m
CHECK FOR DEFLEC
WDL+LL = 1.152563 Kn/m
5wl 4 P
Yactual  
384 EI
MMAX = (1/8)WL2 = 2.305125 Kn-m
VMAX = wL/2 = 2.31 Kn

CHECK FOR BENDING:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
 Fact = 6Mmax/bh2
= 3.458 Mpa
Fb= 13.80 Mpa Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR SHEAR;

To be safe, Fv > Fvact

Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)
= 0.1729 Mpa
Fv= 1.63 Mpa Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

To be safe, Yall > Yact

Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI) = 8.8E+00 mm

Yallow = L/240 = 16.6667 mm
Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe

Therefore,
Use 4 " x 8 "
for FLOOR JOIST
 DESIGN OF GIRDER

Specific Gravity = 6.28 kN/m3

Modulus of Elasticity = 6550.00 MPa
Length of Girder = 4 MPa
Joist Spacing = 0.50 m
Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa floor joist
Weight of the girder = 0.11775

Dimension Trial:
3 " x 10 " = 75 mm x 250 mm

I = 97656250 mm4
2.31

girder
4 m

Total load carried by the girder

concentrated load from floor joist = 2.31 kN
Weight of the girder = 0.11775 kN/m

Analysis using GRASP software:

Bending Moment
Shear Forces

The following values are taken from the result values:

Mmax = 9.2 kn-m

Vmax = 8.1 kN

CHECK FOR BENDING:

Fact = 6Mmax/bh2
11.78 Mpa
13.8 Mpa Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR SHEAR;

Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)
0.648 Mpa
1.34 Mpa Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

5wl 4 Pa(3L  4a 2 ) PL3

Yactual    6.18E-01 mm
384 EI 24 EI 48 EI
Yallow = L/240 16.667 mm
Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
 distributed load = 1.152563

floor joist
4 m

2.31 2.31
DESIGN OF COLUMN

Data:
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 6550 MPa
Fp = 9.1 MPa

Load carried by the column

Dimension Trial:
4 " x 6 " = 100 mm x 150 mm

Load from the truss = = 10.04 kN

Load from girder = = 8.09 kN
Load of 2nd floor column = 0.2355 kN
Total load = 18.37 kN
Length = 3.5 m

L/d = 35 < 50, OK!

k  
2
E
6 F p
 17.20459 LONG COLUMN

For LONG COLUMN:

F c  0 . 274 E
L / d 2

For INTERMEDIATE COLUMN:

ALLOWABLE Fc:

Fc = 1.4659 Mpa > act fc

ACTUAL, fc = P/A:

fc = 1.22437 Mpa

design is safe!
DESIGN OF STAIRS

DESIGN OF TREAD

Dimension Trial:
1 " x 4 " = 25 mm x 100 mm

I = 2083333 mm4

Loadings:
Weight of Tread = 0.0157 Kn
Live Load = 0.2 Kn
TOTAL = 0.2157 Kn

WIDTH OF STAIRS= 1.1 m

= 1100 mm

Analytical Model:
w= 0.2157 Kn

1.1 m

MMAX = (1/8)WL2 = 0.0326 Kn-m

VMAX = wL/2 = 0.1186 Kn

CHECK FOR BENDING:

To be safe, Fb > Fact

Fact = 6Mmax/bh2
= 0.782991 Kn
Fb= 13.80 Kn Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR SHEAR;
To be safe, Fv > Fvact

Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)
= 0.071181 Kn
Fv= 1.63 Kn Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

To be safe, Yall > Yact
Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI) = 0.000 mm
Yallow = L/360 = 0.0045833 mm
since this deflection is alrady in mm, it is very negligible

Therefore,
Use 1 " x 4 "
for TREAD

DESIGN OF CARRIAGE

Dimension Trial:
2 " x 4 " = 50 mm x 100 mm

I = 4166667 mm4

Considering the longest span of the stairs:

No. of Stairs = 7 @ 0.3 m

Load carried by the tread = 0.2157

Theta, q = 33.69
Length of Carriage = 2.52 m
Weigth of Carriage = 0.0314
Total Load = 0.2373
(assumption: wt. of carriage is 10% of the load from tread)
Analytical Model:

1.4
m

Theta = 33.69

2.1 m

w= 0.24 Kn/m

L= 2.52 m
GRASP results:

Bending Moment Shear

OR: Grasp:
MMAX = 1/8WL2 = 0.2 Kn-m MMAX = 0.2
VMAX = wL/2 = 0.3 Kn VMAX = 0.3

CHECK FOR BENDING:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2
= 0.23 Kn
Fb= 13.80 Kn Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR SHEAR;

To be safe, Fv > Fvact
Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)
= 0.09 Kn
Fv= 1.63 Kn Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

To be safe, Yall > Yact
Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI) = 4.59
Yallow = L/360 = 7.01 Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe

Therefore,
Use 2 " x 4 "
for the CARRIAGE