The document contains multiple choice questions about philosophers and philosophical concepts. It tests knowledge on topics like intellectual midwifery, skepticism, innate ideas, rationalism vs empiricism, metaphysics, epistemology, cosmology, atomism, ontology, ethics, and philosophers such as Plato, Socrates, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Berkeley, and more. The questions cover both Western and Indian philosophy from ancient to modern times.
The document contains multiple choice questions about philosophers and philosophical concepts. It tests knowledge on topics like intellectual midwifery, skepticism, innate ideas, rationalism vs empiricism, metaphysics, epistemology, cosmology, atomism, ontology, ethics, and philosophers such as Plato, Socrates, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Berkeley, and more. The questions cover both Western and Indian philosophy from ancient to modern times.
Multiple choice questions for 1 Semester BA Philosophy ( Private)
Core- Introduction to philosophical Methods
1. intellectual midwifery is the theory of knowledge put forward by:
( a ) Plato ( b )Thales ( c ) Comte ( d )Socrates 2. ——— is a Skeptic. ( a ) David Hume( b )Emmanuel Kant ( c ) Hegel( d) None of these 3EsseestPercipi is the concept of ( a ) Rene Descartes ( b ) Benedict Spinoza ( c ) George Berkeley( d ) Francis Bacon 4. The metaphysical view that there are many realities is known as ( a )Dualism ( b ) pluralism ( c ) Monism ( d ) Non-dualism 5. The theory that holds reason as the source of knowledge is ( a ) Idealism( b )Rationalism ( c ) Empiricism( d ) None of the above 6. Inborn ideas are known as: ( a ) Adventitious ideas(b ) Factitious ideas ( c ) Innate ideas( d ) a b&c 7. The Philosophy of Hegel is known as ( a ) Phenomenal idealism( b ) Personal idealism ( c ) Objective idealism( d )Absolute idealism 8. The founder of Positivism is ( a ) Saint Simon( b ) C. S Pierce ( c ) August Comte( d )Francis Bacon 9. The author of Novum Organum is ( a ) Rene Descartes(b ) Lemnitzer ( c ) John Dewey(d ) Francis Bacon 10. The science of values is known as ( a ) Axiology(b ) Sociology ( b )Ontology( d ) Cosmology 11. Metaphysics is the work of ( a ) Socrates( b ) Plato ( c ) Aristotle( d ) Thales 12. Early Skepticism is also known as ( a ) pyrrhonism( b ) Positivism ( c ) Materialism( d ) Idealism 13. The Greek word Pragma means ( a) Truth( b )Act or deed ( c ) Utility( d ) Beauty 14. The author of Republic ( a ) Socrates( b )Descartes (c ) Plato( d ) Hume 15. The metaphysical view that there is one ultimate reality is called ( a ) Dualism( b )Pluralism ( c ) Monism( d ) None of these 16. According to the modern scientists matter is ( a ) Light( b ) Energy ( c ) Illusion( d ) All of these 17.——— is a Greek atomist ( a ) Democritus( b) Xenophanes ( c ) Xenophon( d ) Zeno 18.epistemology studies ( a ) Origin and Nature of knowledge( b ) Validity of knowledge ( c ) Extend of knowledge ( d ) a, b &c 19. The two branches of Metaphysics are ( a ) Religion and Theology( b ) Rationalism and Empiricism ( c ) Ontology and Cosmology( d ) Materialism and Spiritualism 20. The three distempers of learning according to. Francis Bacon are: (a)Mind, body and God(b)Ideas, experience and thought. (c)Fantastical, contentious and delicate (d)Tribe, cave and theatre 21.Philosophy is concerned with (a ) The irrational (b) Beauty ( c ) The ideal(d) experimentation 22. Ethics is a ——- (a) Positive science (b) Normative science (c) Descriptive science(d) None of these 23. ———- seeks to clarify and refine the process of knowing (a) Epistemology (b) Axiology (c) Metaphysics (d) Ethics 24. The Latin word ——— is the root of rationalism ( a ) Sophia (b) Reason (c ) Ratio (d) Experiential 25. ———— insists on a a priori knowledge. (a) Positivism (b ) Empiricism ( c) Rationalism ( d ) None of these 26. ———— was written by Kant ( a ) Novum Organum ( b ) Republic ( c ) Critique of Pure Reason. ( d ) politics 27. Ontology deals with ( a ) Matter ( b ) Knowledge ( c ) Being ( d ) None of these 28. The method of Kant was ( a ) Dialectic ( b ) Critical ( c ) Speculative ( d ) Conversational 29. True knowledge is ( a ) Prama( b ) Aprama ( c ) Pramana( d ) Prameya 30. Berkeley argues that all knowledge is derived from ( a ) Impression ( b ) Ideas ( c ) Axioms ( d ) Postulates 31. ———— helps in getting correct knowledge through anumana ( a) Vyapti( b ) Paksha ( c ) Sadhya( d ) Badha 32.The words of a trustworthy person is known as ( a) Satya( b ) Dharma ( c ) Aptavakya( d ) Linga 33.In Philosophy, what is an argument? ( a ) Debate( b ) Verbal persuasion ( c ) Rational justification ( d ) opposition 34.The method of philosophy is ( a ) Rational reflection ( b ) Dogmatism ( c ) Emperical study ( d) Revelation 35. ———— is a materialist ( a ) Gautama ( b ) Hegel ( c ) Marx ( d ) Spinoza 36. The author of Advancement of Learning ( a ) Karl Marx ( b ) Thomas Hobbes ( c ) Francis Bacon ( d ) Kant 37. A theory is a conclusion, where as a method is a ( a ) Style ( b )Manner ( c ) Inference ( d ) Procedure 38. Philosophy is the root and science is the ( a ) Fruit ( b ) Branch ( c ) Nourishment ( d ) Stem 39.Who said ? Philosophy is the Science of sciences ( a ) Plato ( b ) Voltaire ( c ) August’s Comte ( d ) Russell 40.Bacon recommended ———— method to attain correct knowledge ( a ) Inductive ( b ) Intuitive ( c ) Mathematical ( d ) Doubt 41.Questions of philosophy are———— ones ( a ) Causal ( b ) Systematic ( c ) Inconsistent ( d )Dogmatic 42. ———— said “whatever is. Clearly and distinctly perceived is true” ( a ) Locke ( b ) Berkeley ( c ) Descartes ( d ) None of these 43.According to Skepticism knowledge is ———- ( a ) Certain ( b ) Possible ( c ) Uncertain ( d ) None of these 44.Cosmology was the characteristic of——— Philosophers. ( a ) Ionian ( b ) Cartesian ( c ) Scholastic ( d ) All these 45.For Idealism ——— is primary ( a ) Mind ( b ) Body ( c ) Perception ( d ) Sense experience 46.The problem of Universals was first introduced into philosophy by: ( a ) Aquinas ( b ) Aristotle ( c ) Plato ( d ) Berkeley 47.“Tabula rasa” is the term coined by: ( a ) John Locke ( b ) Kant ( c ) Socrates ( d ) Spinoza 48.The author of Meditations is ( a ) Leibniz ( b ) Patanjali ( c ) Descartes ( d ) Kannada 49.The only pramana accepted by Carvakas: ( a ) Inference ( b ) Comparison ( c ) Verbal testimony ( d ) Perception 50.Nyaya syllogism has ——— statements ( a ) One ( b )Five ( c ) Three ( d ) Two 51.The two Heterodox schools in Indian Philosophy are: ( a ) Nyaya and Vaisesika ( b ) Buddhism and Jainism ( c ) Sankhya and Yoga( d ) Purva and Uttaramimamsa 52.The father of philosophy : ( a ) Descartes ( b ) Thales ( c ) Aristotle ( d ) Francis Bacon 53.Who said “ Two things fill me with awe and wonder the starry heavens above and the Moral law within”. ( a ) Karl Marx ( b ) Bertrand Russell ( c ) Kant ( d ) David Hume 54.A Treatise of Human Nature is the work of: ( a ) Karl Popper ( b) David Hume ( c )John Dewey ( d ) John Locke 55.The most original contribution of Americans thought at the end of nineteenth century: ( a ) Pragmatism ( b ) Positivism ( c ) Empiricism ( d ) Rationalism 56.According to Kant genuine knowledge appears in the form of——— judgements. ( a ) Analytic ( b ) Synthetic ( c ) Synthetic a posteriori ( d ) Synthetic a priori 57.Leibniz was a——— ( a ) Monist ( b ) Pluralist ( d ) Dualist ( d ) Non-dualist 58.Who is known as Cartesian dualist? ( a ) August Comte ( b ) Rene Descartes ( c ) St. Thomas Aquinas ( d ) Derrida 59.Who is the father of modern philosophy? ( a ) Descartes ( b ) Spinoza ( c ) Hobbes ( d ) Leibniz 60. ————is a Subjective idealist ( a ) Hegel ( b) Kant ( c ) Plato ( d ) Berkeley 61. Who is a philosopher, in the original sense of the word? ( a ) A person primarily interested in the truth about moral matters. ( b ) Someone who studies the stars and planets. ( c ) A clever and tricky argues. ( d ) A lover and pursuer of wisdom, regardless of the subject matter. 62.The three main divisions of Philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, and ——— ( a ) Axiology ( b ) Sociology ( c ) Anthropology ( d ) Cosmology 63.A logical sentence is called ——— ( a ) Proposition ( b ) Syllogism ( c ) Preposition ( d ) Clause 64.The first Philosophy refers to——— ( a. ) Aesthetics ( b ) Metaphysics ( c ) Epistemology ( d ) Ethics 65. The study of philosophy stimulates Comment [Office1]: ( a ) Dogmatism ( b ) Critical thinking ( c ) Blind faith ( d ) All these 66.Mathematics is a study of certain and ——— truths ( a ) Self- evident. ( b ) Numerical ( c ) geometrical ( d ) Theoretical 67.Descartes was a ———thinker ( a ) Emperical( b) Rational ( C ) Materialistic ( d ) Idealistic 68.Which American mathematician philosopher laid the foundation of Pragmatism ( a ) William James ( b ) J. Dewey ( c ) C.S Pierce ( d ) Spinoza
69.The Problem of Knowledge was written by ———
( a ) Aristotle ( b ) Plato ( c ) A.J Ayer ( d ) Collingwood 70.Spinoza’s method is known as——— ( a ) Axiomatic ( b ) Theoretical ( c ) Geometrical ( d) Doubt 71.The study of the origin and development of the universe is known as——— ( a ) Ontology ( b ) Cosmology ( c ) Zoology ( d ) Sociology 72. Who said ? “God is dead” ( a ) Schopenhauer. ( b ) Sartre ( c ) Popper ( d ) Nietzsche 73. Who is the father of existentialism? ( a ) Soren Kierkegaard. ( b ) Camus ( c ) Sartre ( d ) Heidegger 74.——— Introduced the term Aesthetics ( a ) Kant ( b ) Hegel ( c ) Baumgarten( d ) Aristotle 75.Socratic method is ( a ) Skeptical ( b ) Conceptual ( c ) Conversational( d )All of these 76.The theory of understanding is explained in transcendental ——— ( a ) Analytic. ( b ) Synthetic ( c ) Aesthetic ( d ) Pragmatic 77.Know thyself is the maxim of ——— ( a ) Plato ( b ) Zeno ( c ) Socrates ( d ) Aristotle 78.Phaedros is the Work of ———— ( a ) Heraclitus ( b ) Aristophanes ( c ) Plato ( d ) Anaxagoras 79. Corgito ergo sum means: ( a ) I doubt therefore I am ( b ) I think therefore I am ( c ) I see therefore I am ( d ) I question therefore I am . 80.Leibniz was a ——— thinker ( a ) English ( b )French ( c ) German ( d ) American 81.Plato was the teacher of ——— ( a ) Georgias ( b ) Socrates ( c ) Aristotle ( d ) Protogoras 82. ———— is an Empiricist ( a ) Locke ( b ) Berkeley ( c ) Hume (d ) all of these 83. The doubt of Descartes should not be confused with ——— ( a ) Skepticism ( b ) Solipsism ( c ) Idealism ( d) Intuitionism 84. Locke is a ——— ( a ) Idealist ( b ) phenomenologist ( c ) Critical realist ( d ) Representative realist 85. The Skepticism of Descartes is known as ——— ( a ) Pure Skepticism ( b ) phenomenal Skepticism ( c ) Methodological Skepticism ( d ) None of these 86.Who said “ Accept nothing as true which we do not perceive clearly and distinctly ( a ) Descartes ( b ) Spinoza ( c ) Leibniz ( d) Kant 87. ——— explained the world with the theory of Monads ( a ) Democritus ( b ) St. Anselm ( c ) Leibniz ( d ) William James 88.——— is said to be the origin of Philosophy ( a) Greed( b ) Wonder ( c) Fear( d ) None of these 89. The mind body relationship theory of Descartes is known as——— ( a ) Psycho physical parallelism ( b ) Interactionism ( c ) Pre established harmony ( d ) None of these 90 .Wittgenstein says that language is a ( a ) Statement ( b ) Picture of reality ( c ) Judgement ( d ) Concept 91.———— rejected Metaphysics as meaningless ( a) Logical positivists ( b) Rationalists ( c ) Idealists( d ) Spiritualists 92.——— means knowledge that follows some other knowledge ( a ) pratyaksa( b ) Upamana ( c ) Sabda( d ) Anumana 93.The invariable concomitance between hetu and sadhya is known as ( a ) Vyapati( b ) Paksa ( c ) linga ( d ) None of these 94.The Pramana for knowing the nonexistence of a thing is ( a ) Anumana( b ) Upamana ( c ) Arthapathi( d) Anupalabdhi 95.Agama comes under ——— ( a ) Sabha ( b) Pratyaksa ( c ) Anumana( d ) Upasana 96.According to Indian epistemology the person who knows is ——— ( a ) premeya( b ) Pramatha ( c ) Prama( d) Aprama 97.In Nyaya syllogism the statement to be proved is known as ——— ( a ) Pratinja( b ) Major premise ( c ) Udaharana( d ) Nigamana 98.——— is known as queen Science ( a ) Mathematics ( b ) Physics ( c ) Philosophy ( d ) Psychology 99.The author of Discourse of the method is ——— ( a) Sartre ( b ) Descartes ( c ) Malebranche( d ) Hobbes 100.The author of Prince is ——— ( a ) Machiavelli ( b) Plato ( c ) Bruno ( d ) Aristotle 101.In India Philosophy is known as ——— ( a ) Brahma Vidya ( b ) Atmabodha ( c ) Darshana ( d ) Yogavidya 102.The philosophy of God is called——— ( a ) Theology ( b ) Religion ( c ) philology ( d) All of these 103.The proponent of Advaitha Vedanta is——— ( a ) Ramanuja ( b ) Madhvacharya ( c ) Jaimini( d ) Sankara 104. NyayaVaisesika accepts ——— pramanas. ( a ) Two ( b ) Three ( b ) Five. (d ) Four 105. The philosopher seeks to harmonise the ideals of Truth, Good and ——— ( a ) Love. ( b ) God ( c) beauty. ( d ) knowledge 106.Henri Bergson advocated——— ( a ) Intuitionism ( b ) Empiricism ( c ) Apriorism ( d) Sensationalism 107.——— says “Understanding makes Nature “. ( a) Bergson ( b ) Herbert Spencer ( c ) Kant. ( d ) Lamarck 108.The highest Value in the Purusharthas: ( a ) Artha. ( b) Kama ( c ) Dharma. ( c) Moksa 109. Dialectical materialism is the theory of——— ( a ) Hegel ( b) Marx ( c ) Nietzsche ( d ) Schopenhauer 110.——— is the father of Spiritualistic pluralism ( a ) Locke( b ) Dewey ( c )Leibniz ( d ) W. James 111. ——— accepted four kinds of cause ( a ) Aristotle. ( b ) David Hume ( c ) J. S Mill. ( d ) Plato 112.The author of Passions of the Soul is ( a ) Spinoza ( b ) A.J Ayer (c ) Aristotle. ( d ) Descartes 113.——— said “ Philosophy is the science of knowledge “. ( a ) Schelling ( b ) Fitche ( c ) Marx ( d ) Bruno 114.——— believes in the transcendence of God ( a ) Deism. ( b ) Theism ( c ) Agnosticism. ( d ) Atheism 115.According to ——— All is God and God is all. ( a ) Monotheism. ( b )Monism ( c ) Henotheism. ( d ) Pantheism 116. According to Kant knowledge appears in the form of ——— ( a ) Statement ( b ) Reasoning ( c ) Judgement. ( d) Proposition 117. Space, time and categories of understanding are ———- forms of knowledge ( a ) apriori. ( b ) aposteriori ( c ) intuitive. ( d ) All of these 118.——— is the work of Kant. ( a) Leviathan ( b ) Critique of Judgement ( c ) Ethics ( d )Republic 119.Transcendental aesthetic deals with the theory of ( a ) Understanding. ( b ) Sensations ( c ) Aesthetic Judgement. ( d ) Moral Judgement 120. Ethics is also known as ——— ( a) Axiology ( b ) Moral Philosophy ( c ) Utilitarianism. (d)All of these 121.Philosophy of art comes under——— ( a ) Aesthetics. ( b ) Ethics ( c ) Anthropology. ( d ) None of these 122.——— are the supreme norms of life. ( a ) Men. ( b) Gods ( c )Values. ( d ) All of these 123.Ex NihiloNihilfit means———- ( a ) I think therefore I am. ( b ) Out of nothing comes nothing ( c ) To be or not to be ( d) None of these 124.The philosophy of the Upanishad is Known as ——— ( a ) Non- Dualism. ( b ) Monistic Spiritualism ( c ) Dualism. ( d ) Pluralism 125.——— awoke Kant from his dogmatic slumber ( a) Locke ‘s empiricism. ( b ) Hume’sEssays ( c ) Leibniz’s talks. ( d ) Berkeley’s Dialogues 126.Denial of the ultimate knowledge of the existence of God is known as——— ( a ) Atheism. ( b ) Agnosticism ( c ) Theism. ( d ) None of these 127. ———— believes reason as the source of knowledge ( a ) Rationalism. ( b ) Empericism (c ) Idealism. ( d ) None of these 128.The author of Poetics is ——— ( a ) Plato. ( b ) Aristotle ( c ) Homer. ( d ) None of these 129.Buddhism is a philosophy of ——— ( a ) pluralism ( b ) Monism ( b ) Dualism. (c ) None of these 130.——— is an Absolute idealist ( a ) Kant. ( b ) Hegel ( b) Hume. ( c) Descartes 131.Descartes was born at ———- ( a ) Touraine( b) Amsterdam ( c ) Vienna. ( d) Marseille 132.The Advancement of Learning was written by ——— ( a ) EdmundHusserl ( b) Francis Bacon ( c ) Henry Bergson. ( d ) None of these 133.——— is a mild empericist ( a ) David Hume. ( b ) Berkeley ( c ) John Locke. ( d ) None of these 134.Spinoza was despised as an ———- by the Jews ( a ) pantheist ( b ) Atheist ( c ) Theist. ( d ) all of these 135.Res extensa means ——— ( a ) Extended thing ( b ) God ( c ) Thinking substance. ( d ) None of these 136. It is the art of ——— which brings other men’s ideas to birth ( a ) Deception ( b ) Oratory (c )intellectual midwifery ( d )All of these. 137.——— Greek philosopher is known for his probing questions ( a ) Socrates. ( b ) Plato ( d ) Aristotle. ( d) Zeno 138.The etymological meaning of Philosophy is ——— ( a ) Love of God. ( b ) Love of Wisdom ( c ) Love of Truth. ( d) Love of Knowledge 139.The idol that stands for a persons individual inhibitions is known as——— ( a ) Cave ( b ) Theatre ( c ) Market Place. ( d) Tribe 140.The author of Introduction to Positive Philosophy ( a ) Francis Bacon. ( b ) Henry Bergson ( c ) August Comte. ( d ) None of these 141.——— is also known as First Philosophy ( a ) Epistemology. ( b ) Axiology ( c ) Metaphysics. ( d) All of these 142.The word aesthetics is derived from the Greek word——— ( a ) Aestia( b ) Aesthonomics ( c ) Aisthetikos ( d ) None of these 143.The 18th century German thinker who initiated dramatic changes in the field of Aesthetics is ——— ( a ) Leibniz. ( b ) Kant ( c ) Nietzsche ( d ) Schelling 144.In the word Epistemology epistem means——— ( a ) Knowledge. ( b ) Theory ( c ) Science. ( d ) None of these 145.Francis Bacon was an advocate and practitioner of ——— method ( a ) Positive. ( b ) Logical ( c ) Scientific. ( d ) Mathematical 146.There are ——— Systems or Schools in Indian Philosophy . ( a ) Two. ( b ) Seven ( c )six ( d ) Four 147.——— is a heterodox school ( a ) NyayaVaisesika( b ) Sankhya Yoga ( c ) Carvaka( d ) Advaita 148.——— is an idealist ( a ) Berkeley ( b ) John Dewey ( c ) Locke. ( d ) All of these 149.——— is a realist ( a ) Kant. ( b ) Locke ( c ) Hegel ( d ) None of these 150.———- is a Methodological Skeptic ( a ) Pyrrho. ( b ) Hume ( d ) Descartes. ( d ) All of these 151.The tendency of human nature to have certain incorrect conclusions is known as ———. ( a ) idol of the cave ( b ) Idol of the tribe ( c ) Idol of the theatre. ( d ) None of these 152.According to Comte ———is the stage of the society dominated by religion ( a ) Metaphysical stage. ( b ) Scientific stage ( c ) Theological stage. ( d ) None of these 153.Bacon took up ——— ideas to build an inductive approach. ( a ) Aristotelian. ( b ) Socratic ( c ) Platonic. ( d ) All the three 154. The a priori factors in sensation are ———and ——— ( a) Mind and Body. ( b ) Thought and extension ( c) Space and Time. ( d ) All of these 155. A particular procedure for accomplishing or approaching something is called a ——— ( a ) Routine. ( b ) Method ( c) Experience. ( d ) All the three 156. A person who questions the validity or authenticity of something purporting to be factual is a ——— ( a ) Skeptic. ( b ) Critic ( c ) Optimist. ( d ) Pessimist 157. According to to Kant there are ———— categories ( a ) Two. ( b ) Three ( c ) Four. (d ) Five 158.In the first stage of his philosophical Career Kant was a ——— ( a ) Rationalist. ( b ) Empiricist ( c ) Idealist. ( d) Critical 159.Philosopher King was the concept of ——— ( a ) Aristotle. ( b ) Socrates ( c ). Plato. ( d ) Thales 160.——— involves direct sense object contact Comment [Office2]: ( a ) Verbal testimony. ( b ) Perception ( c ) Inference. ( d ) Comparison 161.Sense Object contact is technically called ——— ( a ) Vyapti( b ) Anumati ( c ) Sannikarsha ( d) Hetu 162.Ordinary perception is known as ——— ( a) laukika perception. ( b) Yogic Perception ( c ) Alaukika Perception. ( d ) None of these 163. The higher Values in life is named as——— ( a) Aryasatya ( b) Purusarthas ( c ) Lokasayta. ( d ) None of these 164. The perception in which the qualities of an object is determined is known as——— ( a ) Nirvikalpaka Perception.( b) Savikalpaka perception ( c ) Yogic Perception. ( d ) None of these 165. The ground on which the inference is made ( a ) Hetu ( b ) Sadhya ( d ) Paksa ( d ) All of these 166.The Sanskrit word Upamana means——— ( a ) Implication. ( b ) Comparison ( c ) Inference ( d ) Perception 167. Philosophy aims at finding the : ( a) Fundamental principles of the world. ( b) Absolute ( c ) Soul. ( d ) All of these 168. The science of morals is known as ——— Comment [Office3]: ( a ) Ethics. ( b ) Logic ( c ) Aesthetics. ( d ) Religion 169. ———- is known as the father of Logic ( a) J.S Mill ( b ) Aristotle ( c ) Socrates. ( d ) Creighton 170.The three faculties of the mind are thinking, feeling and ——— ( a ) Willing. ( b) Believing ( c) Doubting. ( d ) None of these 171.Logic is the science of correct ——— ( a ) Behaving. ( b ) Thinking ( c) appreciation ( c ) None of these 172.——— is a positive philosophy ( a ) Psychology. ( b ) Logic ( b) Ethics. ( d) Aesthetics 173.Jermey Bentham is a ———-philosopher ( a ) Religious ( b ) Moral ( c ) Environment. ( d) Structural 174.In ————the faculty of thinking is put to study ( a ) Ethics. ( b ) Logic ( c ) Aesthetics. ( d) All of these 175.The pramana which relies on implication is ——— ( a ) Arthapathi ( b ) Anupalabdhi ( c ) Perception. ( d ) None of these 176.——— inspired Comte to Philosophy ( a ) J.S Mill. ( b ) Saint Simon ( c ) Herbert Spencer. ( d ) None of these 177.The author of Iliad is ( a ) Homer. ( b ) Dante ( c ) Hesiod ( d ) Aristotle 178.Spinoza’s Monism is known as ——— ( a ) Abstract Monism. ( b ) Concrete monism ( c ) Phenomenal monism. ( d ) All of these 179.Marx ‘s theory on the evolution of matter is known as ———— ( a ) Emergent evolution ( b )Material Evolution ( c ) Dialectical Materialism. ( d ) None of these 180. Subjective idealism reduces matter to ———— ( a ) Mind. ( b ) God ( c ) Sensations. ( d) All of these 181. The idol which stands for words men use in the commercial of daily life is known as———— ( a ) Idol of the cave. ( b ) Idol of the theatre ( c ) Idol of the market place ( d) Idol of the 182.Descartes mathematical method consists in intuition and ——— ( a) Induction. ( b ) Deduction ( c ) Observation. ( d ) None of these 183.The author of Essay concerning Human Understanding is ——— ( a ) Berkeley. ( b ) Descartes ( c ) Locke. ( d ) Hume 184.The author of Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous ( a ) Berkeley. ( b ) Locke ( c ) Socrates. ( d) Plato 185. In Indian philosophy ———— is a materialist school ( a ) Advaitha. ( b ) Mimamasa ( c ) Yoga. ( d ) Carvaka 186.Locke rejected ———— ( a ) Soul ( b) God ( c ) Matter. ( d) Innate ideas 187.Hume rejected ——— ( a ) Soul. ( b ) God ( c ) Matter ( d) All of these 188.According to Descartes in Mathematics we begin with ——— ( a ) axioms. ( b ) Calculations ( c ) assumptions. ( d ) None of these 189.The method of Descartes is also known as——— ( a) Cartesian Method. ( b ) Discursive Method ( c ) Dialectic Method. ( d ) Critical Method 190.The end portion of the Vedas are Known as ——— ( a ) Brahmanas. ( b ) Mantras ( c ) Upanishads. ( d) Aranyakas 191.Monadology is the work of ———- (a) Leibniz. (b) Descartes ( c) Hume. ( d) Comte 192.The oldest literature in the world is ———— ( a ) Mahabharata. ( b ) Ramayana ( c ) Vedas. ( d ) Puranas 193.Atheism is affiliated to ——— ( a ) Spiritualism. ( b ) Materialism ( c ) Agnosticism. ( d ) All of these 194.Philosophy ———- the highest conclusions of different sciences ( a ) Harmonises. ( b) Contradicts ( c ) proves. ( d ) differentiates 195. The Theory of being is known as ——— ( a ) Cosmology. ( b) Ontology ( c) Epistemology ( d ) Biology 196.——— believed in One ultimate reality ( a ) Buddhism. ( b) Jainism ( c ) Upanishads. ( d) All the three 197.Advaita Vedanta accepted ———- pramanas ( a ) Four ( b) Five ( c ) Six. ( d ) One 198.The abhava of a thing is known through ——— ( a) Anupalabdhi( b ) Arthapathi ( c ) Sabda( d) None of these 199.Normative Science studies a thing ——— ( a ) As it is ( b) As it ought to be ( c ) Both a and b ( d) Neither a and b 200.Thales is the father of ——— ( a ) Modern Philosophy ( b )Philosophy (c ) Indian Philosophy ( d ) Medieval Philosophy