ANIMATION IN MULTIMEDIA

MMP3013

Dr. Mohd Hishamuddin bin Abdul Rahman

Topic outlines:

• What is animation?
• The use of animation.
• Animation technique
• Animation principals
What is Animation?
:
What is Animation?
• Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork
or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement.
• Related to our eyes’ persistent of vision.
• It can be in 2D or 3D formats.
• Animation is NOT just for kids. It has become mainstream and kids, teenagers,
adults and seniors.
What is Animation?
• Persistent of vision:
i. Refers to brain retaining the image of what eyes see even after the image
is no longer visible.
ii. The brain can only process a certain number or images at a time.
iii. If the pictures appear faster than 12 per second they begin to merge
into each other creating the illusion of movement.
The Use of Animation
The Use of Animation
• Animation is use in:
i. Advertisements
ii. TV shows / movies
iii. Sciences
iv. Medical
v. Architecture
vi. EDUCATION
vii. etc.
:
The Use of Animation - EDUCATION
• Able to visually and dynamically convey something complex.
• Facilitate the process of describing the concept or demonstrating a skill.
• Can attracts attention, increases motivation and stimulates student thinking
more effectively.
• Help provide a virtual learning environment (e.g. simulation).
• Able to offer a more enjoyable learning environment.
Animation Techniques
Animation Techniques
• There are several techniques to create an animation. Some of the examples
are:

Stop-
motion
Hand- Digital
drawn
Animation Techniques
• Hand-Drawn / Cell / Traditional Animation:
i. The oldest and historically the most popular form of animation.
ii. Done by an artist who draws each character and movement individually.
iii. Process: Draw pictures first, then colour them on celluloid, then they take
pictures and animate them.
iv. Advantages: The animation looking very detailed
v. Disadvantages: Time consuming, need many animators.
• Hand-Drawn / Cell / Traditional Animation (Example):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOB8pfvYqXY
Animation Techniques
• Stop-Motion Animation:
i. Physically manipulating real-world objects/characters (model, clay, cut-out
picture, etc.) and photographing them.
ii. Process: Take still pictures of the individual movements, then use the
computer software to animate.
iii. Advantages: Same model can be used over an over again, cool effects.
iv. Disadvantages: Difficult and time consuming to make.
v. Example: Claymation, model animation and cut-out animation
• Stop-Motion Animation (Example): Model Animation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6PRxUjrhZo
• Stop-Motion Animation (Example): Cut-Out Animation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9a3eUIAkW0
Animation Techniques
• Computer / Digital Animation:
i. Animation which are produced by using computer software.
ii. Can be in form of 2D or 3D.
iii. Process: The movement of characters are generated using computer
animation software.
iv. Use techniques such as keyframing, tweening, onion skinning (mostly for
2D) and modelling, mapping, rendering (for 3D).
v. Advantages: Save time, can reuse objects.
vi. Disadvantages: High cost for software and hardware
Animation Techniques
• Computer / Digital Animation (cont) :
i. Software: 2D (Adobe Flash, Anime Studio, Toonz, DrawPlus, etc) and
3D (Blender, Cinema 4D Studio, Autodesk Maya, etc).

2D
3D
Animation Principles
Animation Principles
• There are 12 basic principles of animation that you need to follow in order to
make a good animation. Some of the principles are:

Squash Exaggerati
Staging Arcs on
& stretch
Ease-In & Timing &
Anticipation Appeal
Ease-Out motion
Follow Straight
through & Ahead & Secondary Solid
overlapping Pose to action drawing
action Pose
Animation Principles
1) Squash and stretch
• Applying a contrasting change of shape - from a squash pose to a stretch
pose or vice versa
• To give a feeling of fleshiness, flexibility, and life in animation.
Animation Principles
2) Anticipation
• Used to prepare the audience for an action, and to make the action appear
more realistic.
• Example: Bend the knee before jumping, swing foot back to wind up before
kicking a ball, looking off-screen to anticipate someone's arrival.
Animation Principles
3) Follow Through and Overlapping Action
• Follow through: argue that when a character is in action and stops, nothing
stops all at once (e.g. head stop but hair still moving).
• Overlapping action: Expresses the idea that if a character is in motion, some
parts of the character move faster than others
Animation Principles
4) Staging
• To direct the audience's attention, and make it clear what is of greatest
importance in a scene.
• Can be done by various means: the placement of a character in the frame,
the use of light and shadow, or the angle and position of the camera.
Animation Principles
5) Straight Ahead and Pose to Pose
• These are two ways of drawing animation.
• Straight Ahead: Where you draw each frame of an action one after another
as you go along.
• Pose to Pose: Where you draw the beginning and end of action, and start to
fill in the frames in-between.
• Pose-to-pose gives you more control over the action as you can see early on
where your character is going to be at the beginning and end.
In between
Animation Principles
6) Ease-In and Ease-Out
• To add realism to the movement of characters.
• Because movement of the human body, and most other objects, needs time
to accelerate and slow down.
• By controlling the changing speeds of objects, it creates an animation that
has a superior believability.
Animation Principles
7) Arcs
• Life doesn’t move in straight lines, and neither should animation. Most living
beings – including humans – move in circular paths called arcs.
• Arcs operate along a curved trajectory that adds the illusion of life to an
animated object in action.
• Without arcs, your animation would be stiff and mechanical.
Animation Principles
8) Secondary Action
• The gestures that support the main action to add more dimension to
character animation.
• They can give more personality and insight to what the character is doing or
thinking.

Main action: Carrot inside mouth

Secondary action: The legs

Animation Principles
9) Timing and Motion
• The speed of an action, i.e., timing, gives meaning to movement, both
physical and emotional meaning.
• Can also affect the perception of mass/weight of an object.
Animation Principles
10) Exaggeration
• Presents a character’s features and actions in an extreme form for comedic
or dramaticeffect.
• Can increase the appeal of a character, and enhance the storytelling.
Animation Principles
11) Solid Drawing
• Is all about making sure that animated forms feel like they’re in three-
dimensional space, despite being drawn in 2D.
• The animator needs to understand the basics of three-dimensional shapes,
anatomy, weight, balance, light and shadow, etc.
Animation Principles
12) Appeal
• Appeal in a cartoon character corresponds to what would be called charisma in
an actor.
• Create images that will be interesting and compelling to audiences.
THANK YOU