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EE359 - Lecture 10 Outline: Announcements

This document outlines the key topics covered in Lecture 10 of EE359 including: 1) Probability of error, outage probability, and average error probability in fading channels. 2) The combined effect of average error and outage probability. 3) How Doppler spread and intersymbol interference impact error probability and create error floors. 4) An alternate representation of the Q-function that simplifies calculations of error probability in fading channels.

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Hussain Naushad
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48 views

EE359 - Lecture 10 Outline: Announcements

This document outlines the key topics covered in Lecture 10 of EE359 including: 1) Probability of error, outage probability, and average error probability in fading channels. 2) The combined effect of average error and outage probability. 3) How Doppler spread and intersymbol interference impact error probability and create error floors. 4) An alternate representation of the Q-function that simplifies calculations of error probability in fading channels.

Uploaded by

Hussain Naushad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE359 – Lecture 10 Outline

 Announcements:
 Project proposals due Friday (post; email link)
 Midterm will be Nov. 4, 8:45-10:45am. Rm TBD.
 Probability of error in fading
 Outage probability
 Average Ps (Pb)
 Combined average and outage Ps
 Ps due to Doppler and ISI
Review of Last Lecture
 Capacity of ISI Channels
 Modulation Tradeoffs
 Amplitude/Phase Modulation
 Constellations, Differential Modulation, bit mappings
 Error Probability for Amp/Phase Modulation


Ps   M Q  M  s 
 Traditional Q function representation
 1  x2 / 2
Q ( z )  p( x  z )   e dx, x ~ N (0,1)
z
2
 Infinite integrand with argument in integral limits
Alternate Q Function
Representation
 New representation (Craig’93)
1  / 2  z 2 /(sin 2  )
Q( z)   e d
 0
 Leads to closed form solution for Ps in PSK
 Very useful in fading and diversity analysis
Linear Modulation in Fading

 In fading s and therefore Ps random


 Performance metrics:
 Outage probability: p(Ps>Ptarget)=p(<target)
 Average Ps , Ps:

Ps  P
0
s ( ) p ( ) d 

 Combined outage and average Ps


Outage Probability
Ts
Ps Outage
Ps(target)

t or d

 Probability that Ps is above target


 Equivalently, probability s below target
 Used when Tc>>Ts
Average Ps
Ps   Ps ( s ) p( s )d s
Ts
Ps
Ps
t or d
 Expected value of random variable Ps
 Used when Tc~Ts
 Error probability much higher than in AWGN alone
1  /2


 z 2 /(sin 2  )
 Alternate Q function approach: Q ( z )  e d
0
 Simplifies calculations (Get a Laplace Xfm)
Combined outage and average Ps
Ps(s) Outage
Ps(s)
Pstarget

Ps(s)
 Used in combined shadowing and flat-fading
 Ps varies slowly, locally determined by flat fading
 Declare outage when Ps above target value
Doppler Effects

 High doppler causes channel phase to


decorrelate between symbols

 Leads to an irreducible error floor for


differential modulation
 Increasing power does not reduce error

 Error floor depends on BdTs


ISI Effects
 Delay spread exceeding a symbol time
causes ISI (self interference).
1 2 3 4 5

0 Ts Tm

 ISI leads to irreducible error floor


 Increasing signal power increases ISI power

 ISI requires that Ts>>Tm (Rs<<Bc)


Main Points
 In fading Ps is a random variable, characterized by
average value, outage, or combined outage/average
 Outage probability based on target SNR in AWGN.
 Fading greatly increases average Ps .
 Alternate Q function approach simplifies Ps calculation,
especially its average value in fading (Laplace Xfm).
 Doppler spread only impacts differential modulation
causing an irreducible error floor at low data rates
 Delay spread causes irreducible error floor or
imposes rate limits
 Need to combat flat and frequency-selective fading
 Focus of the remainder of the course

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