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EE359 - Lecture 3 Outline: Announcements

This document outlines a lecture on wireless communication path loss and shadowing models. It discusses log-normal shadowing, combining path loss and shadowing models, and using empirical measurements to determine model parameters. Cell coverage area and outage probability are also covered. The key points are that shadowing is modeled as log-normal, combined models lead to non-circular cell shapes, and measurements are used to fit path loss and shadowing parameters.

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Hussain Naushad
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43 views

EE359 - Lecture 3 Outline: Announcements

This document outlines a lecture on wireless communication path loss and shadowing models. It discusses log-normal shadowing, combining path loss and shadowing models, and using empirical measurements to determine model parameters. Cell coverage area and outage probability are also covered. The key points are that shadowing is modeled as log-normal, combined models lead to non-circular cell shapes, and measurements are used to fit path loss and shadowing parameters.

Uploaded by

Hussain Naushad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE359 – Lecture 3 Outline

 Announcements
 OHs today moved to Tuesday 3-4
 First discussion section tomorrow.
 HW posted, due Thursday at 5pm.

 Log Normal Shadowing


 Combined Path Loss and Shadowing
 Cell Coverage Area
 Models Parameters from Empirical
Measurements
Lecture 2 Review
 Ray Tracing Models
 Free Space Model
 Power falloff with distance proportional to d-2
 Two Ray Model
 Power falloff with distance proportional to d-4
 General Ray Tracing
 Used for site-specific models
 Empirical Models
 Simplified Model: Pr=PtK[d0/d]
 Captures main characteristics of path loss
Shadowing

Xc
 Models attenuation from obstructions
 Random due to random # and type of obstructions
 Typically follows a log-normal distribution
 dB value of power is normally distributed
 =0 (mean captured in path loss), 4<2<12 (empirical)
 LLN used to explain this model
 Decorrelated over decorrelation distance Xc
Combined Path Loss
and Shadowing
 Linear Model:  lognormal

Pr  d0 
 K   10log Slow
Pt  d 
Pr/Pt
Very slow
(dB) -10
log d
 dB Model
Pr  d0 
( dB )  10 log 10 K  10  log 10     dB ,
Pt  d 
 dB ~ N ( 0 ,  2 )
Outage Probability
and Cell Coverage Area
Pr
 Path loss: circular cells
 Path loss+shadowing: amoeba cells
 Tradeoff between coverage and interference
 Outage probability
 Probability received power below given minimum
 Cell coverage area
% of cell locations at desired power
 Increases as shadowing variance decreases
 Large % indicates interference to other cells
Model Parameters from
Empirical Measurements
K (dB)
2
 Fit model to data Pr(dB)
10
log(d)
 Path loss (K,), d0 known: log(d0)
 “Best fit” line through dB data
 K obtained from measurements at d0.
 Exponent is MMSE estimate based on data
 Captures mean due to shadowing

 Shadowing variance
 Variance of data relative to path loss model
(straight line) with MMSE estimate for 
Main Points
 Random attenuation due to shadowing modeled as
log-normal (empirical parameters)
 Shadowing decorrelates over decorrelation distance
 Combined path loss and shadowing leads to outage
and amoeba-like cell shapes
 Cellular coverage area dictates the percentage of
locations within a cell that are not in outage

 Path loss and shadowing parameters are obtained


from empirical measurements

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