Scribd
Upload
48 views

EE359 - Lecture 18 Outline: Announcements

The document outlines an EE359 lecture on spread spectrum techniques. It discusses direct sequence spread spectrum, spreading codes and their autocorrelation properties, RAKE receivers, and how spread spectrum can be used for multiple access. The final exam details are also provided.

Uploaded by

Hussain Naushad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views

EE359 - Lecture 18 Outline: Announcements

The document outlines an EE359 lecture on spread spectrum techniques. It discusses direct sequence spread spectrum, spreading codes and their autocorrelation properties, RAKE receivers, and how spread spectrum can be used for multiple access. The final exam details are also provided.

Uploaded by

Hussain Naushad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

EE359 – Lecture 18 Outline

 Announcements
 No Wed. OHs this week; Yao moved to Tue 8:10pm, mine to Thu 1:30.
 HW 8 (last HW) due Thur. 5pm (no late HWs after Fri.)
 Bonus lecture today 5:15-7:15 (pizza) in Packard 204
 10 bonus points for course evals online
 Final next Wednesday, 12/9, 8:30-11:30, in this room
 Review of Last Lecture
 Introduction to Spread Spectrum
 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
 Speading codes and autocorrelation
 RAKE Receivers
Final Exam Announcements
 Final 12/9, 8:30-11:30, this room
 Review Session: next Saturday or Sunday afternoon
 Open book/notes
 Covers Chapters 7, 9, 10, 12, 13.1-13.2 (+ earlier chps)
 Similar format to first exam
 Practice finals posted soon (10 bonus points)
 Extra OHs in advance of the final
 Me: F 12/4 11-12, M 12/7 1-2, T 12/8 11-12 and by appt.
 Yao: Monday 12/7 4-5pm and Tues 12/8 7-8pm (Pack 107),
Tuesday 12/8 4-5pm in Math 380/380W (review session rm)
Review of Last Lecture
 Overlapping substreams in OFDM: Dfi=1/TN

 Compensation for fading across subcarriers:


 Coding or adaptive loading

 FFT Implementation of OFDM


 Challenges: PAPR, offset, fading across subcarriers
X0 x0
Add cyclic
R bps QAM Serial
prefix and
Modulator To IFFT Parallel
D/A x
Parallel
Converter XN-1 xN-1 To Serial
Convert cos(2f0t)
Introduction to Spread Spectrum
 Modulation that increases signal BW
 Mitigates or coherently combines ISI
 Mitigates narrowband interference/jamming
 Hides signal below noise (DSSS) or makes it
hard to track (FH)
 Also used as a multiple access technique

 Two types
 Frequency Hopping:
 Narrowband signal hopped over wide bandwidth
 Direction Sequence:
 Modulated signal multiplied by faster chip sequence
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

 Bit sequence modulated by chip sequence


S(f)
s(t) sc(t) Sc(f) S(f)*Sc(f)

1/Tb
Tc 1/Tc
Tb=KTc

 Spreads bandwidth by large factor (K)


 Despread by multiplying by sc(t) again (s2c(t)=1)
 Mitigates ISI and narrowband interference
ISI and Interference Rejection

 Narrowband Interference Rejection (1/K)


I(f) S(f)
S(f)
S(f)*Sc(f) I(f)*Sc(f)

Info. Signal Receiver Input Despread Signal

 Multipath Rejection (Autocorrelation 


S(f)*Sc(f)[(t)+(t-)] S(f)
S(f)
S’(f)

Info. Signal Receiver Input Despread Signal


Pseudorandom Sequences

 Autocorrelation determines ISI rejection


 Ideally equals delta function
1

 Maximal Linear Codes


 No DC component
n
 Large period (2 -1)Tc
 Linear autocorrelation
-1
-Tc Tc 2n-1
 Recorrelates every period
 Short code for acquisition, longer for transmission
 In SS receiver, autocorrelation taken over Tb
 Poor cross correlation (bad for MAC)
Synchronization
 Adjusts delay of sc(t-) to hit peak value of
autocorrelation.
 Typically synchronize to LOS component
 Complicated by noise, interference, and MP
 Synchronization offset of t leads to signal
attenuation by (t) 1

t)
t
-1
-Tc Tc 2n-1
RAKE Receiver
 Multibranch receiver
 Branches synchronized to different MP components
x Demod
y(t) sc(t)
d^k
x Demod Diversity
sc(t-iTc) Combiner

x Demod
sc(t-NTc)

 These components can be coherently combined


 Use SC, MRC, or EGC
SS Multiuser Systems
 Spread spectrum codes can also be used as a
multiple access technique.
 modulate user signals with orthogonal/semi-orthogonal codes.
 signals can be separated at receiver using code properties.

 Interference between users determined by cross


correlation properties of the codes.
 Most spread spectrum codes are semi-orthogonal.
 Orthogonal codes``channelize'' the system
 Similar to TD or FD
 In downlink (BC) all signals received with the same power.
 In uplink (MAC) channels signals are received with power that
depends on channle gain of each user (near-far problem).
Main Points
 DSSS rejects interference by spreading gain
 DSSS rejects ISI by code autocorrelation
 Maximal linear codes have good autocorrelation properties
but poor cross correlation
 Synchronization depends on autocorrelation
properties of spreading code.
 RAKE receivers combine energy of all MP
 Use same diversity combining techniques as before
 SS can also be used in multiuser systems to
separate out users

You might also like