PELATIHAN ITMO TAHAP 1

HOTEL SALAK – BOGOR

08 Agustus 2019 – 22 Agustus 2019
Test: Kombinatorik
Waktu: 100 menit
1. There are 4 oranges, 5 apples and 6 mangoes in a basket. In how many ways can a
person make a selection of fruits among the fruits in the basket? Ans : 209

2. Ten different letters of alphabet are given. Words with six letters are formed from
these given letters. Find the number of words which have at least one letter repeated?
(Ans : 106 - 10P6)

3. Two fair six-sided dice are modified so that one has the 3 replaced by a 4 (so it has two
3’s) and one has the 4 replaced by a 3 (so it has two 4’s). When these two dice are
rolled, what is the probability that the sum is an odd number? (Ans : 5/9)

4. 3 balls are drawn randomly from a bag contains 3 black, 5 red and 4 blue balls. What is
the probability that the balls drawn contain balls of different colors? (Ans : 3/11)

5. In how many ways we can choose 4 digits from 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7? (Ans: 56)

6. A bug starts at a vertex on an equilateral triangle. On each move it randomly selects

one of two vertices where it is not currently located and moves to that vertex. What is
the probability that after 10 moves the bug is back where it started? (Ans : 171/512)

7. A space-diagonal connects two vertices of a polyhedron which do not lie on the same
face. The truncated icosahedron (a.k.a. a soccer ball) is a semi-regular polyhedra with
12 pentagons and 20 hexagons and vertex degree 3. How many space-diagonals does it
have? (Ans : 1440)

8. Mary and James each sit in a row of 7 chairs. They chose their seats at random. What is
the probability they don’t sit next to each other? (Ans : 5/7)

9. In how many ways we can make arrangement from “ITMOITMO” but the word ITMO
not allowed to appear?

10. A bag of popcorn contains 3/5 white kernels and 2/5 yellow kernels. Only half the
white kernels will pop, whereas 2/3 of the yellow ones will. A random kernel is
selected from the bag and it pops when placed in the popper. What is the probability it
is white? (Ans : 3/20)

11. There are 6 boxes numbered 1, 2, ..., 6. Each box needs to be filled up either with a red
or a blue ball in such a way that at least 1 box contains a blue ball and the boxes
containing blue balls are consecutively numbered. The total number of ways in which
this can be done is (Ans : 21)

12. There are 15 stones placed in a line. In how many ways can you mark 5 of these stones
so that there are an odd number of stones between any two of the stones you marked?
(Ans : 77)

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PELATIHAN ITMO TAHAP 1
HOTEL SALAK – BOGOR
08 Agustus 2019 – 22 Agustus 2019

13. We have a standard deck of 52 cards, with 4 cards in each 13 rancks. We call a 5-card
pocker hand a full house if the the hand has 3 cards of one rank and 2 cards of another
rank (such as 33355 or AAAKK). What is the probability that five cards chosen at
random form a full house? (Ans : 6/4165)

14. You are given an unlimited supply of red, blue, and yellow cards to form a hand. Each
card has a point value and your score is the sum of the point values of those cards. The
point values are as follows: the value of each red card is 1, the value of each blue card is
equal to twice the number of red cards, and the value of each yellow card is equal to
three times the number of blue cards. What is the maximum score you can get with
fifteen cards? (Ans : 168 points )

15. There are 100 students who want to sign up for the class Introduction to Acting. There
are three class sections for Introduction to Acting, each of which will fit exactly 20
students. The 100 students, including Alex and Zhu, are put in a lottery, and 60 of them
are randomly selected to fill up the classes. What is the probability that Alex and Zhu
end up getting into the same section for the class? (Ans: 19/165)

16. Bob writes a random string of 5 letters, where each letter is either A, B, C, or D. The
letter in each position is independently chosen, and each of the letters A,B,C,D is
chosen with equal probability. Given that there are at least two A’s in the string, find
the probability that there are at least three A’s in the string. (Ans: 53/188)

17. Every second, Andrea writes down a random digit uniformly chosen from the set
{1,2,3,4}. She stops when the last two numbers she has written sum to a prime
number. What is the probability that the last number she writes down is 1?

18. What is the maximum number of bishops that can be placed on an 8×8 chessboard
such that at most three bishops lie on any diagonal?
Solution:
If the chessboard is colored black and white as usual, then any diagonal is a solid color,
so we may consider bishops on black and white squares separately. In one direction,
the lengths of the black diagonals are 2, 4, 6, 8, 6, 4, and 2. Each of these can have at
most three bishops, except the first and last which can have at most two, giving a total
of at most 2+3+3+3+3+3+2 = 19 bishops on black squares. Likewise there can be at

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PELATIHAN ITMO TAHAP 1
HOTEL SALAK – BOGOR
08 Agustus 2019 – 22 Agustus 2019
most 19 bishops on white squares for a total of at most 38 bishops. This is indeed
attainable as in the diagram below.

19. Eli, Joy, Paul, and Sam want to form a company; the company will have 16 shares to
split among the 4 people. The following constraints are imposed:
• Every person must get a positive integer number of shares, and all 16 shares must
be given out.
• No one person can have more shares than the other three people combined.
Assuming that shares are indistinguishable, but people are distinguishable, in how
many ways can the shares be given out?
Solution:

20. Let n be a positive integer. Two players, Alice and Bob, are playing the following game:
• Alice chooses n real numbers, not necessarily distinct
• Alice writes all pairwise sums on a sheet of paper and gives it to Bob (there are
n(n - 1)
such sums, not necessarily distinct)
2
• Bob wins if he finds correctly the initial n numbers chosen by Alice with only one
guess
Can Bob be sure to win for the following cases?
a. n = 5
b. n = 6
c. n = 8 Justify your answer(s).
[For example, when n = 4, Alice may choose the numbers 1, 5, 7, 9, which have the
same pairwise sums as the numbers 2, 4, 6, 10, and hence Bob cannot be sure to win.]
Solution:
a. Yes. Let a ≤ b ≤ c ≤ d ≤ e be the numbers chosen by Alice. As each number
appears in a pairwise sum 4 times, by adding all 10 pairwise sums and
dividing the result by 4, Bob obtains a + b + c + d + e. Subtracting the
smallest and the largest pairwise sums a + b and d + e from this he obtains c.
Subtracting c from the second largest pairwise sum c + e he obtains e.
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PELATIHAN ITMO TAHAP 1
HOTEL SALAK – BOGOR
08 Agustus 2019 – 22 Agustus 2019
Subtracting e from the largest pairwise sum d + e he obtains d. He can
similarly determine a and b.

b. Yes. Let a ≤ b ≤ c ≤ d ≤ e ≤ f be the numbers chosen by Alice. As each number

appears in a pairwise sum 5 times, by adding all 15 pairwise sums and
dividing the result by 5, Bob obtains a+b+c+d+e+f. Subtracting the smallest
and the largest pairwise sums a+b and e + f from this he obtains c + d.
Subtracting the smallest and the second largest pairwise sums a+b and d+f
from a+b+c+ d + e + f he obtains c + e. Similarly he can obtain b + d. He uses
these to obtain a + f and b + e. Now a+d, a+e, b+c are the three smallest
among the remaining six pairwise sums. If Bob adds these up, subtracts the
known sums c + d and b + e from the result and divides the difference by 2,
he obtains a. Then he can determine the remaining numbers.

c. No. If Alice chooses the eight numbers 1,5,7,9,12,14,16,20, then Bob cannot
be sure to guess these numbers correctly as the eight numbers
2,4,6,10,11,15,17,19 also give exactly the same 28 pairwise sums as these
numbers.