Vernadette Jules T. Javier *whatever historians’ def.

: history
PHILIPPINE HISTORY: Issues and suggests past events
Trends
Elizabeth Medina: History is not just
POSITIVISM – Filipino historians
the past but also and principally the
tradition in writing history present and future
- Historical knowledge and Keith Jenkis: History can never be
interpretation ought to be and will never for one’s self. It is
based upon verifiable data always for one person.
gathered after examination of
Samuel Tan: (prominent historian)
documents through internal
(debunked Manila-centered History)
and external criticism History is the dynamic process of
NEW HISTORICISM – new historical dealing with the past in which the
approach that emerged stages or aspect of development are
interrelated brought upon by the
- Seeks the interpretation of understanding if the present and
facts from all perspectives, future
including those that do not
History is collective interplay of
concern history before
events
1960’s – historians exerted efforts to Renalo Constantino: (prominent
broaden the bases of their historical nationalist historian)
sources and provide new and fresh
interpretations History is the achievement of man
not the individual but the collective
Leslie Bauzon – wrote Perspective on
Contemporary Philippine Masses as the real mover of history
Historiography
- Emphasized the need to Post-EDSA Period – gave a new
develop a methodology for direction for Filipino historians
interpretative historical
analysis within the context of - Filipino as medium of
the Philippine society instruction had gained support
- Argued social scientists are from different historians
using Western model which do Zeus Salazar and advocates of
not fit Philippine setting PANTAYONG PANANAW: Ang
kasaysayan ay isang salaysay tungkol
sa nakalipas na may saysay sa isang
DEFINITIONS OF HISTORY grupo ng tao
Foreign Scholar: History is the record Priveleged in the Discourse of
of what one age finds worthy of note PANTAYONG PANANAW: study of
in another
- Oral traditions
Cariz: History is a study of human - Culture
achievements - Local History
INVENTION OF WRITING – bells and other materials which
considered as one of the most served as part of the events
important inventions of human
HISTORIOGRAPHY – the art of writing
civilization
- The theory and history of
- Gave man the instrument to
historical writing
record their achievements
- came from Greek words:
- Ended the pre-historic age
- HISTORIA – past
- Marked the beginning of the
- GRAPHIER – to write
historic era
- scientific way of writing history
HISTORY BRANCHES: only gained prominence in the
early 1990s
1. GENERAL HISTORY – covers
political, economic, diplomatic Michel Foucault – new historicism
and military history pioneer
2. ECONOMIC HISTORY –
- provided new perspectives in
economic thoughts and
terms of historical
economic system
interpretation data like oral
3. CULTURAL HISTORY – covers
history, folklore, indigenous
local and ethnic history
materials(which traditionally
4. SOCIAL HISTORY
can’t be considered as sources
5. MYTH HISTORY
of history but is now
HISTORICAL WRITING – dependent otherwise)
on the availability of primary source,
Baktin – “silences, not just the voices
documentary sources, secondary
in history are important”
event or testimonies of the
authorities WRITING OF HISTORY IN SPANISH
PERIOD
CATEGORIES OF HISTORICAL
SOURCES: MISSIONARY HISTORY – writings of
the early friars
1. WRITTEN SOURCES –
A. LITERARY – the - recorded observations on the
interpretation of the writer life of the early Filipinos
which involves his - were focused on the Spanish
subjectivity history of the Philippines
B. OFFICIAL – record produced specifically their missionary
when transacting business experience in the country
2. TRADITIONAL SOURCES – such AUGUSTINIAN – first order of friars
as folklore, oral tradition, epic that arrived in Philippines
and indigenous materials
- part of social science Cronica de la Order de N.P.S Agustin
- follows the scientific way of en las provincias dela Nueva España
viewing things - Fray Juan de Grijalva
3. MATERIAL/MATERIAL OBJECTS - Showcased the Augustinian
– such as money, guns, church missions in the Philippines
Filipino Uprisings in the 17th and 18th JESUIT FATHERS – made valuable
Centuries - Fray Casimiro Diaz contributions to the understanding of
the 16th century Philippines
Historia delas Islas Filipinas
Relacion de las Islas Filipinas
- Fray Joaquin Martinez de
Zuñiga - Fr. Pedro Chirino (one of the
- summary of the accounts of most distinguished Jesuit
the early chronicles historians)
- Published in Rome in 1604
DOMICICAN ORDER – came after
- Narrative of life of the Filipinos
Augustinians
prior to their colonization
- one of the most influential
Jesuit Missions – Fr. Francisco Collin
religious orders in the
Philippines Father Pedro Murilla Y. Velarde –
made very valuable contribution in
Historia de la Provincial del Santo
Philippine historiography
Rosario – Fr. Diego de Advante
- In accounts of the history of
- showcased their missionary
the Philippines, mission and
activities
conquest of Mindanao and the
Binalatongan Revolt of 1860 in inclusion of a map of the
Pangasinan – Fr. Baltazar de Santa archipelago
Cruz
Fr. Juan Delgado – gave broader
Dominican Mission in Batanes – Fr. description of the Philippines
Vicente Salazar & Fr. Diego Colantes
- Includes the political
History of the Dominican Order in ecclesiastical, economic, social
the Philippines – Fr. Juan Ferrando and cultural accounts of the
ORDER of St. FRANCIS – also held country
missionary posts in the country RECOLLECT FATHERS – less popular
Los Casturibres de los Tagalogs compared to other religious orders in
the country
- Fray Juan de la Plasencia
- Published in Nagcarlan in 1589 Fray Juan dela Concepcion – written
- Showcase the customary laws value information that can be used to
of the Pre-Spanish Philippines understand the culture of the Spanish
- Fist civil code of the Philippines Philippines

Fray Francisco de Santa Ines – CONTEMPORARY HISTORIANS – use

tackled the ancient Filipino cultures a post-colonial reading on the
and the missionary labor of the documents to eliminate the colonial
Franciscan Order in the Philippines, bias
China and Japan
*both sources of knowledge
regarding the cultures of the early
Filipinos
SECULAR HISTORIANS IN SPANISH
PERIOD
- Spanish officials in the island
- Foreign residents and writers
- Filipino Ilustrado
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
- Dr. Antonio de Morga(most
respected)
- One of the most reliable
sources of information
regarding 16th century
Philippines
Relacion de las Islas Filipinas
- Captain Miguel de Loarca
(encomendero in the Visayas)
- Work on Pre-Spanish Philippine
Society
- Highlighted the material
culture of the early Filipinos (a
very high degree of
advancement)
- Vivid description of the
economic life of the early
Filipinos
Estado de las Islas Filipinas en 1810
- Thomas de Comyn (one of the
colonial officials who worked
on the history of the
Philippines)
- Description of the colonial
economy after the opening of
Manila international trade
Paul de la Goromiere – surgeon
mayor of Spanish army
- Also wrote his impressions on
the country
Historia General de Filipinas Desde
Descubriemento Hastra Nuestros
Diaz - 3 volume work of Jose
Montero y Vidal
- good account of Spanish PH