Soil Structure Interaction Method

Comparison

Angel Francisco Martinez

Application Engineer
MIDAS IT
Estados Unidos

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Contents

1. Introduction
2. Soil Structure Interaction Substructure Method
3. Ground Response Analysis for Calibration
4. Soil Structure Interaction Direct Method
5. Results Comparison Between SSI Methods

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Soil Structure Interaction GTS NX

SSI: The phenomenon in which the response of soil and movement of the structure influence each
other. When external forces, such as earthquakes, act on these systems, neither structural
displacements nor ground displacements are independent of each other. Unlike an above-ground
structure, the response of an underground structure subjected to an earthquake is mainly controlled
by the ground displacement. The ground displacement in turn is largely influenced by the dynamic
properties of the ground and its modeling method. The ground exhibits a complete nonlinear
behavior depending on the strains developed in the ground due to the dynamic load. It is therefore
important to closely examine the nonlinearity of the ground relative to strains.

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Dynamic SSI GTS NX

Substructure Method Direct Method

4
 Soil Structure Interaction
by Substructure Method

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Initial Gen model dimensions GTS NX

Start FILE midas Gen

1. Open Strat file Gen model:
• 13 stories: 48 m tall building
• 9 piles: -10 m deep, 0.5m diameter
• 9m X 9mX 0.5m thick slab 1

Initial pile size is large to

show optimal design
difference
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Add Soil Springs Supports in Gen GTS NX

Apply Soil Springs in Gen

1. Right click fixed Boundaries Kh = 0.56 (500,000) / 0.5 = 560,000 Kn/m^3
in Tree Menu and Delete
2. Add PY soil springs
supports to Gen piles and
raft.

2
1

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 Time History Analysis Case GTS NX

1
2

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Results for TH in Gen using PY springs GTS NX

• Check TH Max case for moments Y

Max : 85 kN/m

• Check TH Max case for axial forces

Max: 1269 kN

• Check TH Max load case for displacements

Max 1.12 mm

9
 Soil Structure Interaction
by Direct Method

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Dynamic Analysis GTS NX

• Free Field • 2D Linear Equivalent

Linear
Equivalent

• Linear (Direct)
• Linear (Modal)
• Non linear (Direct)
Eigen Value
GTS NX Time History • Non linear + SRM
• Liquefaction
• Moving Load

Response
Spectrum

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1D Free Field Analysis

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Define 1D FFA Soil Layers GTS NX

13
1D FFA Results GTS NX

Procedure

In order to compare results of 1D

and 2D equivalent linear analysis,
check the maximum acceleration 1
value.
1. Check the Maximum Accel. of
Layer-1 by clicking Main Menu
> Result > Result Table > Motion
Result Table. Max =
14.99m/sec^2
2. Bed rock acceleration =
7.525m/sec^2
3. Divide by gravity to get value in
g = 0.767

The absolute Maximum Acceleration value

converged in the bedrock will be used in
order to correct the maximum ground
acceleration when defining the ground
acceleration for the 2D equivalent linear
analysis. • The procedure is for correcting
the seismic wave magnitude.
2
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1D FFA Results GTS NX

Procedure
1. Result > Depth Result 1
2. Acceleration results

1D ground response analysis cannot readily check a structure, which exists in ground. In such a case, 2D equivalent
linear analysis can be used to check ground – structure interaction. 15
2D Linear Equivalent Analysis

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Mesh 2D Linear EQ Model (Ground Only) GTS NX

The use of quadrilateral elements or map-mesh is recommended

since shear forces will occur between elements while seismic wave
will be applied at ground

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Define 2D Linear EQ Boundary (Ground Only) GTS NX

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2D Linear EQ Results (Ground Only) GTS NX

Procedure
1. Compare with results related ABS for 2D
linear equivalent analysis since results of 1D
linear equivalent analysis are absolute.
2. Post Works Tree > EQ. LINEAR - ABS MAX >
relative acceleration > Total rel.
Max = 14.89m/sec^2

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Compare results between 1D and 2D (Ground Only)
GTS NX

Results match between 1D FFA and 2D

Linear EQ. models within 5% at
14.9m/sec^2 acceleration at surface.

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2D Linear EQ Results (Ground Only) GTS NX

Find the Max Shear Strain value and at the surface.

Max value = 0.0124

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Shear Strains from Dynamic curve (Ground Only)
GTS NX

Make table of Max shear strains bands and used the dynamic curve to get new values for
G and D
Initial Shear Modulus (G0) = 105800
Shear Modulus Reduction Factor (G/G0) = 0.31025
New Shear Modulus (G) is = 105800 * 0.3257 = 32,824

Shear Strain G/G0 New G D

0.01 0.3257 34,459 0.1012
0.0124 0.31025 32,824 0.1035
0.02 0.2639 27920 0.1104

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 3D Time History Analysis

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Dynamic SSI GTS NX

Free Field 1D

Use same dynamic curve and time

history function
Linear Equivalent 2D

Time History 3D 24
Mesh 3D Geometry GTS NX

25
3D LTH Loads and Boundaries (ground only) GTS NX

1 4
5
6

3
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3D Nonlinear Time History Results (ground only)
GTS NX

1
Procedure
1. Main Menu> Analysis Case >
Perform…
2. Select 3D Nonlinear Time History
ground only>Ok
3. Results > Abs Max > Relative
Acceleration Total

Results for Nonlinear Time History is within 5%. Max of 14.53 m/sec^2

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3D SSI with Tunnel GTS NX

Ground accelerations match between the 4 cases

Free Field 1D vs 2D Linear Equivalent 2D Linear Equivalent with tunnel

2D Time History with Tunnel 3D Time History With Tunnel 28

3D SSI with Tunnel GTS NX

Axial Forces match for 3

cases

2D Linear Equivalent with tunnel

2D Time History with Tunnel 3D Time History With Tunnel 29

Interaction with other software GTS NX

• Análisis Pushover de un marco tridimensional usado para diseño. Puede ser utilizado para concreto reforzado, acero
estructural y secciones compuestas de concreto-acero.
• Diseño basado en desempeño por FEMA, Eurocódigo 8 y Mampostería

Análisis Pushover para Mampostería

Estado de Rótulas y Curva de Capacidad Definir materiales no lineales de rotulas

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Import model to GTS NX GTS NX
3

Create GTS NX file with building

1. Export file from midas GEN in
MXT format
2. Open and Import structure
3. Open CAD file into midas GTS
NX

2 31
Apply Boundary Conditions
GTS NX

Boundary Conditions
1. Boundary > Constraint >
1
Advanced: Assign Z rotation
restriction to piles for stability

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SSI Results GTS NX

1
Procedure
1. Main Menu> Analysis Case >
Perform…
2. Select Nonlinear Time History>Ok
3. Results > Abs Max > Relative
Acceleration Total

Results for Nonlinear Time History is within 5%. Max of 15.5 m/sec^2

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TH Results for GTS NX GTS NX

• Check Max case for moments Y

Max 156 kN/m

• Check Max case for axial forces

Max: 1702 kN

• Check Max case for displacements

Max: 12.49 cm

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Results comparison between
SSI Methods

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Compare results on foundation GTS NX
Max GEN GTS NX % Diff
Results comparison between methods Axial Force (kN) 1269 1702 34%
Moments Y (kN/m) 1109 1487 34%

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Compare results on full structure GTS NX

Results comparison between methods

Max GEN GTS NX % Diff

Displacements (mm) 425 418 1%
Axial Force (kN) 3915 3962 1%
Moments Y (kN/m) 1109 1487 34%
Structure Period (s) 1.501 1.625 8%

37
3D SSI GTS NX

38
Initial Civil model dimensions GTS NX

39
Add Soil Springs Supports GTS NX

40
 Time History Analysis Case GTS NX

1
2

41
Results for TH in Civil using PY springs GTS NX

Max Axial forces on structure (kN)

Max moments on structure (kN/m)

42
Results for TH in Civil using PY springs GTS NX

Max Shear Forces (Kn)

Max displacements (cm)

43
Substructure/Indirect Method GTS NX
http://Latinamerica.midasuser.com > Sesiones
The substructure-only approach: Web> Anteriores
http://Northamerica.midasuser.com > Training > Review Courses
Import model to GTS NX GTS NX

45
Mesh CAD in 3D elements GTS NX

46
Dynamic results for imported bridge GTS NX

Max Axial forces on structure

Max moments on structure

47
Results Comparison GTS NX

48
 GTS NX

Conclusion
• Midas Gen has internal PY curves in order to easily apply soil springs and run soil
structure interaction through substructure method. For Static Load Cases, this is
sufficient.

• Substructure Method cannot accurately capture the non linear behavior experienced by
the foundation and surrounding ground during an earthquake. Results are
underestimated by 1/3.

• Eigenvalue period of main vibration mode shows ~10% difference.

• Midas GTS NX can import full structure from midas Gen to run SSI through Direct
Method. However, since the ground is modeled in 3D, it must first be calibrated
through comparison of ground response analysis like Free Field and Linear Equivalent.
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 GTS NX

END

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