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Lovely Jewel Adelaide T. Jaro STEM 12B

FUNDAMENTALS OF ART

❖ Art according to PLATO

- An idealist
- Is merely and imitation or a copy of the reality.
- Is an illusion, collection of reflections.
- He stated that true forms were created by God and they are all perfect and therefore cannot be replicated.
- Mere limitations (what is real in our environment)

❖ Art according to ARISTOTLE

- The Realist
- Art is still an imitation but an imitation not of the ideal world (physical world)
- Art is a mirror of reality around us and within us.

❖ Art according to LEO TOLSTOY

- Expression of feelings and sentiments or intentions of the artist.
- It is the production of objects or elements from the external environment that pleases the environment.
- It may lead to a better and more progressive life and society.
- The best way to interpret art is trying to understand the original intention of the maker of the artwork itself (the painter,
writer and composer)

❖ Art according to EUGENE VERON

- It is the external manifestation created and produced through lines, movements, sounds, colors and emotions.
- It reflects human subjectivity in the form of elements that stimulate the senses.

❖ Nature of Art
1. Provides color and existence as humans
2. Life without art is dull and without meaning
3. Stimulates our senses and cognitive abilities as it allows the expression of emotions
4. It reflects life, culture, history of a group of people even in time and space
5. Communicating or conveying insights and emotions
6. Creative skill and imagination that produces beauty and power
7. Tangible manifestation and result of human activity through a result of skill

THE VALUES OF ART

❖ Great works of art are distinguished by the following qualities:

1. Aesthetic Value - refers to the value which causes an object to be a “work of art”. This is a quality which appeals to
our sense of beauty.
2. Intellectual Value - An Artwork stimulates thought. It enriches our mental life by making us realize fundamental truths
about ourselves, about other human beings, and about the world around us.
3. Suggestiveness - This is the quality associated with the emotional power of art. Great works of art move us deeply and
stir our feeling and imagination, giving evoking visions above and beyond the plain ordinary of life.
4. Spiritual Value - Art elevates the spirit by bringing moral values which make us better persons . The capacity to inspire
is part of the spiritual value of art.
 5. Permanence -A great work of art endures. It can be viewed again and again as each encounter gives fresh delight and
new insights and opens new worlds of meaning and experience. Its appeal is lasting.
6. Universality - Great art is timeless ad timely. It is forever relevant and appeals to one and all, anytime, anywhere
because it deals with elemental feelings, fundamental truths and universal conditions.
7. Style - This is the peculiar way in which an artist sees his subject, forms his ideas and expresses them. Great artworks
are marked as much by their memorable substance as well as by their style. Style should suit content.
8. Form - Artistic forms are skeletal structures or conceptual frameworks designed to support or enclose parts of the
works of art. It is the organization, arrangement or framework of an artwork. Constructing, arranging and coordinating
parts of a composition for a pleasing or effective result. In every artwork nothing is by accident. Even the smallest
detail is an artistic decision made by the artist. Every element of an artwork contributes to the effectiveness and beauty
of the artwork.

ELEMENTS OF ART
- The quality of artistry is gauged through standards.
- The elements of arts determine its basic measure.
- We cannot be able to communicate the uniqueness of our sentiments and emotions without fully understanding those
that comprised the elements of arts.

❖ Form
- Includes shape and perceived volume.
- Three – dimensional (3D) artworks has depth, width and height. Basis of sculpture.
- Two-dimensional (2D) artworks produce illusion through the use of shading and modeling techniques.

❖ Lines
- Termed as “strokes” in digital art works the distance between two points which is used for outlines and implied lines
in artwork and designs.
- Width- thickness and Direction-length

❖ Color
- Is the element that is produced when light strikes and image.
- It is derived from reflected or absorbed light and definitely creates the mood of the artist.
- Properties of Color:
o Hue or the term or title we assign to colors such as yellow, black, blue or red.
o Intensity is the vividness of the color . It is the saturation strength or intensity of the image’s color
o Value means the lightness or darkness of the color. Changes in the tint determine the value changes in colors.
❖ Space
- Is provided by the artist for specific purpose.
- This may include the foreground, middle ground, background and area between the images of the object this may be
negative or positive.
- It is positive (+) when an area is occupied by an object or image.
- It is negative (-) when it covers the space between, between and within the image or object.

❖ Texture
- Denotes the smoothness, ruggedness of the image or object. It may be “real” similar to that when we touch a
sculpture.
- It may also be “implied” which is also artificial as when we see a painted image or pebble.

❖ Shape
- It could be geometric, natural, irregular, rectangle, oval, octagon etc.
- It is two-dimensional where a line crosses over that creates a shape. It produces image in a flat area according to
how reality is represented.
- It is three-dimensional if it has height, width and depth like objects in the real world.

WHY DO PEOPLE MAKE ART?

By Craig Roland and Susan Amster

1. Seek personal enjoyment and satisfaction. 11. Tell stories

2. Express personal thoughts and feelings. 12. Adorn themselves.
3. Communicate with others. 13. Worship
4. Create a more favorable environment. 14. Create an illusion
5. Make others see things more clearly. 15. Predict the future or remember the past
6. Provide us with new experiences. 16. Earn a livelihood
7. Record a time, place, person, or a object. 17. Do something no one else can
8. Commemorate important people or events. 18. Amuse themselves
9. Reinforce cultural ties and traditions. 19. Make the ordinary extraordinary
10. Seek to affect social change. 20. Increase our global understanding

INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY ART, HUMANITIES AND ART CRITICISM

❖ Contemporary Art
- Contemporary art is one created by artists who are still living. The late 1900s
saw major social, political, and cultural reformations across the world which
had greatly influenced this art form.
- Every topic of relevant significance like globalization, global warming, human
rights, environmental destruction were reflected in the contemporary arts
- It is the art of the present, which is continuously in process and in FLUX.
Contemporary artists had significant freedom and liberty to experiment with
all styles
- Less emphasis on the finished product and a single author or creator
- It may be:
a. Collaborative/ Participative
b. Process Oriented
c. Interactive
d. Site Specific
 - Example:
1. “Defense of a Filipina Woman's Honour" by Fernando Amorsolo
o Detail from Fernando Amorsolo's 1945, which is representative of Amorsolo's World War II-era paintings.
o Here, a Filipino man defends a woman, who is either his wife or daughter, from being raped by an unseen
Japanese soldier.
o Note the Japanese military cap at the man's foot

❖ Modern Art
- Modern (TRADITIONAL ART) art refers to the period that began in the 1880s and that lasted until the 1960s. They
emphasized on the subjective representation of subjects rather than focusing on realism that was prevalent before
the 1880s
- Modern art had its unique style and reflected the inner and the outer world. Modern art focused on surrealism rather
than depicted life as perceived by the church or the influential in society. Modern artists tend to find the pure idea of
art.
- Example:
1. “Planting Rice” by Fernando Amorsolo
o The arrival of the Americans led to a new wave of
nationalism in Philippine society which is best reflected
in the art of Fernando Amorsolo.
o The art of the period focused on traditional folk scenes
as an embodiment of the imagined sense of
nationhood.
o Traditional customs, pastimes and occupations are
among the most recognizable motifs employed.

POLO Y SERVICIO – the provisions of the policy on forced labor protected Filipinos from exploitation
PLAZA – center of everything; where the school, market, and church are located; sight of public execution

❖ Humanities
- Latin word “Humanus” which means human, cultured and refined. It is the collective pooling together of the legacy
of a given culture's value, ambitions and beliefs
- Emphasizes the value and agency of human beings individual and collectively.
- It is an ocean of all humanity’s deeper, inward awareness, knowledge and sensitivity.

❖ Why study Humanities?

1. Makes us more human in the very best sense of the word human.
2. Studying what other men and women have believed, created, and understood, also have become better human
beings
3. We can learn more about ourselves , about other people and about the world around us.
4. We can realize our own potentials, and the potentials of others, much more thoroughly.

As a consequence of our encounter with the arts, we value and appreciate beautiful things. Out of the aesthetic experiences
we derive from arts, we may be influenced to change our ways and behavior.

It stretches our limits of what we consider our being. We come to know the changing image of mankind as he/she journeys
across time, stiffs through layers of reality, and strives to achieve the ideals that make for the meaning fullness of life.

“Art needs something outside of itself as a place of reflection, discernment, and connection with the larger world. Art for art’s
sake is fine, if you can get it. But then the connection to the real becomes tenuous, and the connection to the social
disappears. If you want to engage , if you want discourse you need criticism”
David Levi Strauss
❖ Four Coordinates of Art Criticism
✓ Mimetic (based on subject matter)
✓ Expressive (based on the artist)
✓ Pragmatic (based on the audience)
✓ Aesthetic or Formal (based on the form)

❖ Subject Matter
- It is an imitation, depiction or representation of some aspect of nature of life. Anything in the universe may serve as
the subject of art.
- Classified into two types:
1. Representational or Figurative Art - portrays or depicts something other than its own form.
Ex. Tchaikovsky’s Ballet “Swan Lake” and Da Vinci’s Monalisa
2. Non-Representational - represents nothing except its own form.
Ex. Pyramids of Egypt, Mondarian’s non figurative paintings and the symphonies of Mozart.
- The approach of Art Criticism through the subject matter is called mimetic (derived from the Greek word mimesis
means “imitation”)
- Stresses on the subject matter or content of the art. Beauty of the subject and its significance are the bases for
aesthetic judgment. What we should appreciate not the subject but the manner of presentation of the subject.

❖ Aspects of Nature as:

- The sea, sky, fields, forests, mountains and animals - depicted in paintings
- Human concerns, in the realm of experience, action and deed - recounted in
“He who touches this book,
fiction, narrative poetry and drama touches the man”
- Emotions and moods - Lyric poetry
- Ideas - essays (Walt Whitman, an American
- Spatial forms - sculptures and architectures Poet, “Leaves of Grass”
- Tonal forms - music
- Plastic forms - motion in space and time

❖ The Artist, Writers, or Creator

- Art is a means of expression, a medium for communicating an idea, an emotion or some other human experiences,
an impression of life, a vision of beauty
- The Artist puts himself into his art, it becomes an extension of himself, an objectification of some aspect of his
personality.
- Our experience of a work of art, therefore, brings us in contact with the personality of the artist. The individuality of
the creator is revealed to us through his creation.
- The Artist himself becomes the major element generating both
the artistic product and the norms by which the artwork is to “Literature, to be of importance, must be
judged. simple and direct and must have a clear
- Interpreting art in the light of the knowledge that we have about moral purpose”
the artist have some degree of validity. Moreover, in passing (Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist and short
judgement on the aesthetic merit of an artwork, we must not be story writer)
influenced by our personal regard for its creator or his
reputation. “The purpose of literature is to teach,
- Life-history, philosophy and beliefs, character, certain moralize and instruct”
circumstances in his life which may have influenced the creation
(George Bernard Shaw, Anglo-Irish wit and
of the artwork in question of his background, era during which playwright)
he lived, other pertinent information places us in better position
to interpret and evaluate his work.
❖ Audience or Readers
“There are no moral or immoral books:
- Art is experience; for what is a poem unless one can read it. For what they are either well-written or badly
is a poem unless one can read it. What is painting unless one can see written.”
it. What is Sonata unless one can hear it?
- Art always has an audience, even if this audience is none other than (Oscar Wilde, Anglo-Irish wit and
the artist himself playwright. Preface to his book, The
Picture of Dorian Gray)
- Emphasizes the value and importance of art to its audience, is
known as Pragmatic Approach.

❖ Form
- With respect to form (the manner of imitation, how the subject matter is handled and presented) art is a
composition, a whole consisting of various parts or elements; the selection, organization, and integration of these
elements according to certain formal principles and employing certain techniques constitute that which we call the
form of art.
- Examples: “Art for Art Sake”
This view seeks to liberate art from the
o Role of the tone (shading in the painting)
chains of morality, religion, political
o Relations of light and dark, their distribution and
propaganda, social, reform etc. And sets
concentration up art as something worthy of
o Source of light (sun, fire or candlelight) appreciation for its own sake
o Quality of light (intense, glaring, mellow or dim)
o Transition of light (gradual or sudden)
- We can appreciate a work of art only when we grasp or comprehend what it is the artist is trying to say (theme,
subject and realize how well, how effectively, how beautifully he says it (the form).

❖ How to Critique Artworks

- An Art critique is an evaluation of a work of art. While it is true that the artistic taste is relative there are certain
characteristics of artwork that can be assessed as a means of measuring the artists’ success of conveying the
intended message or meaning of the work in question.
1. Describe what you see.
o Artist's Name o Colors used
o The Title of the Work o Shapes, lines and textures
o Type of Artwork o Light saturation
o The subject of the painting (scene) o Sensory qualities (predominant mood and visual
o Objects of the Painting effects)
o First Impression
2. Analyze the artwork.
- How each technical element contributes to the mood, meaning and aesthetic sensation of the artwork.
o Color
o Shapes
o Texture
o Light and Shadow
3. Interpret the artwork.
- Communicate the Artist's statement. Describe what you think the Artist is trying to say through the work
of art.
- Expound on the feeling conveyed by the artwork. Describe what the Artwork means to you.
- Explain what you feel is the artist’s intended purpose for creating that particular work of art. Examine why
the Artist made the Choices in technique, materials and subject matter and how they relate to intended
purpose.
 - Identify symbols in the artwork and describe how they relate to the Artist’s technical choices and
contribute to the artist’s execution of the intended purpose.
4. Evaluate the artwork.
- State what you think the artwork’s value is. For example, its value may be to evoke nostalgia, to incite
anger or to impart beauty. Explain why you feel this way.
- Describe the artwork's relevance to the art community and to people as a whole.
- Explain where you feel the artwork has a strong value and where you think it falls short.
5. Use Art Vocabulary in your Art Critique.
- Remember, there are no incorrect descriptions when you critique artwork. Your goal is not easy to say
whether or not the art is good, but rather to impart as best you can the visceral response the artwork
incites.

ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS

❖ Visual Arts Painting

1. Fernando Amorsolo
- First National Artist
- Portraitist and Painter of Rural of Philippine Landscapes.
- Art School of Liceo de Manila and University of the Philippines.
- The official title “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art”
- He developed the backlighting technique that became his trademark where figures, a cluster of leaves, spill of hair,
the swell of breast, are seen aglow on canvas.
- He portrayed traditional Filipino customs, culture, fiestas and occupations.

National Artist for Afternoon meal of the rice

Visual Arts - Mango pickers, oil on Canvas, workers, 1951, oil on canvas. Tinikling in barrio, 1951, Oil on
Painting, 1972 Paco 1936 Won first prize at the New York canvas.
Manila, NCR World's Fair

2. Carlos “Botong” Francisco

- Greatest Muralist of the Country
- University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts
- 1964 Republic of the Philippines Cultural Heritage awardee.
- He is also part of the modern art movement, with Victorio C. Edades and Galo Ocampo that was known in local art
circles as “the triumvirate”. In 1938, it was changed to “the thirteen moderns”, a group of modern artist.
- His unerring eye for composition, the lush tropical sense of color, and an abiding faith in the folk values typified by
the townspeople of Angono became the hallmark of his art.
National Artist for Visual
Arts- Painting, 1973 Magpupukot (Pulling in the Camote Diggers Gethsemane
Angono, Rizal, Region4A- net),1957
CALABARZON

3. Victorio Edades
- Father of Modern Art in the Philippines
- Leader of the Revolutionary Thirteen Moderns who engaged their classical compatriots in a heated debate over the
nature and function of art.
- He made art available to the common, his determination to stand by his ideology, he became a bridge between the
past and present.
- However, viewers and critics of the Filipino art circle were apparently shocked by what he had learned abroad, and
not one painting was sold.

National Artist for Visual

Arts- Painting, 1976 Women Bathing by a Waterfall, The Builders The Lady in Maria
Dagupan, Pangasinan, 1953 Clara, 1971
Region- Ilocos Region

4. Cesar Legaspi
- Painting, University of Philippines School of Fine Arts.
- Madrid, 1953 and pursued Art Studies under a scholarship at the Cultural Hispanic and Academie Ranson in Paris.
- His early (1940s-1960s) works are described as depictions of anguish and dehumanization of beggars and laborers in
the city.
- Cubism’s unfeeling, geometric ordering figures into a social expressionism rendered by interacting forms filled with
rhythmic movement

National Artist for Visual

Arts- Painting, 1990 Ginintuang Mayo (Golden Spring) Lavanderas Women and Children
Tondo Manila, NCR
 5. Hernando Ruiz Ocampo
- Leading Radical Modernist artist in the Philippines.
- Taza de Oro Group
- One of the Thirteen Moderns, as well as the NeoRealists and the Saturday Group of Artists
- He is known for his unique approach to abstraction inspired by Philippine flora and fauna, fantasy, sunshine, starts
and rain and science fiction.
- His works reflect the harsh realities of his country after the world War II.
- Lush sceneries and the beautiful Philippine landscapes through his skillful us of fierce and bold colors.
- Genesis, served as curtain in CCP Main Theatre and basis of curtain design.

National Artist for

Visual Arts- Fertile Valley, Mother and Abstraction
Painting, 1991 Sta. 1972 Child, 1977 101, 1976
Cruz Manila, NCR

6. Vicente Manansala
- He was a cubist painter and illustrator.
- Visions of Reality teetering on the edge of Abstraction.
- University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts
- Philippine herald as Illustrator.
- He admired Botong and considered him as a master of human figure.
- He received 6-month grant from UNESCO to study in Canada.
- He believes that the beauty of art is in the process, in the moment of doing a particular painting, closely associating
it with the act of making love.
- “The climax is just when it’s really finished”

National Artist for Visual

Arts- Painting, 1981 Beggars, 1971 Kahig, 1973 Barong-Barong, 1965
Macabebe Pampanga,
Region 3- Central Luzon
 7. 7 National Artists of 2018
- The newly declared National Artists are Larry Alcala for visual arts;
Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio for theatre and literature; Ryan Cayabyab for
music; Kidlat Tahimik for film and broadcast arts; Francisco T. Mañosa
for architecture and allied arts; Resil B. Mojares for literature; and
Ramon Muzones for literature
- The Malacañang Palace, led by President Rodrigo Duterte, declares
seven new National Artists in an awarding ceremony held on October 24,
2018, at the Rizal Ceremonial Hall of Malacañan Palace. In attendance
was National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and Komisyon
sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) chairman Virgilio S. Almario, himself also a
National Artist.

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS HISTORY AND MANDATES
❖ The Logo
1. The NCCA logo is the Alab ng Haraya, (The Flame of Imagination), which symbolizes the
wellspring of Filipino art and culture.
2. • It is composed of two basic elements – the fire and the censer.
3. The fire is a stylized letter K of Philippine indigenous script that stands for kadakilaan or
greatness. The fire represents the highest level of imagination and emanates from a
three-tiered censer.
4. The three tiers stand for organization, economic support, and an orientation rooted on
a thorough grasp of tradition and history, which the NCCA provides.
5. Done in gold to symbolize the immense wealth of Philippine culture, it was designed by
the late Romeo “Boy” Togonon

❖ The Official Hymn

“Pambansang Kultura”

Pambansang kultura, ating dalisayin Malikhain, mapagbago, Filipino.

Mula sa gunita’t alamat ng lahi; Ating paghaluing kunday ng kampílan,
Mula saribúhay, kulay-bahaghari. Busíl ng hagábi, dunsól ng kulintang,
Pambansang kultura, ating pag-alabing Rabáw ng tinalak, moog ng singkában,
Láwas ng marangal, ginhawa, matatag; Ang lahat ng diwa at harayang taal.
Tanglaw sa pagbigkis, paglusog, paguswág. Pambansang kultura, ating-atin lámang,

Ating paghaluing kunday ng kampílan, Kapag itinanghal saanman sa mundo:

Busíl ng hagábi, dunsól ng kulíntang, Malikhain, mapagbago, Filipino.
Rabáw ng tinalak, moog ng singkában, Malikhain, mapagbago, Filipino.
Ang lahat ng diwa at harayang taal.
Pambansang kultura, ating-atin lámang, Lyrics by Virgilio Almario
Kapag itinanghal saanman sa mundo Music by Felipe de Leon, Jr.
Orchestration by Diwa de Leon

❖ Introduction
1. Executive Order No. 118
o Presidential Commission on Culture and the Arts (1987
 2. R.A. 7356
o Establishment of NCCA The original bill was jointly authored by Senators Edgardo Angara, Heherson
Alvarez, Leticia Ramos Shahani, and Congressman Carlos Padilla.
o It is the overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants-giving agency for the preservation,
development and promotion of Philippine arts and culture
o Also, an executing agency for the policies it formulates; and task to administering the National Endowment
Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) — fund exclusively for the implementation of culture and arts
programs and projects.
3. Cultural Agencies under NCCA:
o Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)
o the National Historical Institute (now, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines)
o the National Museum of the Philippines
o The National Library (now, The National Library of the Philippines)
o the Records, Management, and Archives Office (now, the National Archives of the Philippines)

❖ Mission
6. According to Sections 8 and 12 of RA No. 7356, the NCCA is created and mandated to formulate and implement
policies and plans in accordance with the principles stated in Title I of R.A. 7356:
1. To formulate policies for development of culture and the arts;
2. To implement these policies in coordination with affiliated cultural agencies;
3. To coordinate implementation of programs of these affiliated agencies
4. To administer the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA);
5. To encourage artistic creation within a climate of artistic freedom;
6. To develop and promote the Filipino national culture and arts; and
7. To preserve Filipino cultural heritage.

❖ Mandate
o To encourage the continuing and balanced development of a pluralistic culture by the people themselves;
o To conserve, promote and protect the nation’s historical and cultural heritage;
o To ensure the widest dissemination of artistic and cultural products among the greatest number of people
across the country and overseas for their appreciation and enjoyment;
o To preserve and integrate traditional culture and its various creative expressions as a dynamic part of the
national cultural mainstream; and,
o To ensure that standards of excellence are pursued in programs and activities implementing policies herein
stated, it shall encourage and support continuing discussion and debate through symposia, workshops,
publications, etc., on the highest norms available in the matrix of Philippine culture

❖ Organizational Structure
❖ Core Values
7. Nationalistic. We strive to uphold the interest of the peoples of the Philippines and the country, which shall have
priority over all other considerations.
8. Committed to Service. We commit to serve all people and institutions in conformity with the highest standards
of excellence.
9. Competent. We believe in the continuous enhancement of the skills, competence, and expertise of our
personnel as a basic right of every member of the organization to self-development and well-being
10. Artistic and Culture Sensitive. We discharge our mandate with respect for the peoples’ cultural wisdom which
defines their identity.

ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS (ORDEN NG GAWAD PAMBANSANG ALAGAD NG SINING)

❖ What is a National Artist?

- A National Artist is a Filipino citizen who has been given the rank and title of National Artist in recognition of his or
her significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and letters.
- The rank and title of National Artist is conferred by means of a Presidential Proclamation. It recognizes excellence in
the fields of Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film and Broadcast Arts, and Architecture or Allied Arts.

❖ What is the Order of National Artists?

- Those who have been proclaimed National Artists are given a Grand Collar symbolizing their status. Recipients of
this Grand Collar make up the Order of National Artists. The Order of National Artists (Orden ng Gawad Pambansang
Alagad ng Sining) is thus a rank, a title, and a wearable award that represents the highest national recognition given
to Filipinos who have made distinct contributions in the field of arts and letters.
- It is jointly administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines (CCP), and is conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both institutions.
- As one of the Honors of the Philippines, it embodies the nation’s highest ideals in humanism and aesthetic
expression through the distinct achievements of individual citizens.
- The Order of National Artists shares similarities with orders, decorations, and medals of other countries recognizing
contributions to their national culture such as, the U.S. National Medal for the Arts, and the Order of Culture of
Japan.
- According to the rules of the National Commission on Culture and the Arts, the Order of National Artists should be
conferred every three (3) years.

❖ When was the Order of National Artists created?

- It was established by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 1001, s. 1972, which created the Award and Decoration
of National Artist, “to give appropriate recognition and prestige to Filipinos who have distinguished themselves and
made outstanding contributions to Philippine arts and letters,” and which posthumously conferred the award on
the painter Fernando Amorsolo, who had died earlier that year.
❖ The Insignia of the Order of National Artists

The insignia of the Order of the National Artists is The central badge is a medallion divided into three
composed of a Grand Collar featuring circular links equal portions, red, white, and blue, recalling the
portraying the arts, and an eight-pointed Philippine flag, with three stylized letter Ks—the
conventionalized sunburst suspended from a “KKK” stands for the CCP’s motto: “katotohanan,
sampaguita wreath in green and white enamel. The kabutihan, at kagandahan” (“the true, the good,
composition of the Grand Collar is silver gilt bronze. In and the beautiful”), as coined by then first lady Mrs.
place of a rosette, these is an enameled pin in the form Imelda Romualdez Marcos, the CCP’s founder.
of the insignia of the order.

❖ Legal Bases of the Order of National Artists

11. Proclamation No. 1144, s. 1973
- named the CCP Board of Trustees as the National Artist Awards Committee (or Secretariat).
12. Executive Order No. 236 s. 2003
- known as the Honors Code of the Philippines, conferred additional prestige on the National Artist Award by
raising it to the level of a Cultural Order
13. Executive Order No. 435, s. 2005
- amended Section 5 (IV) of EO 236, giving the President the power to name National Artists without need of a
recommendation, relegating the NCCA and the CCP to mere advisory bodies that may or may not be
heeded.

❖ Process of Nomination and Conferment of the Order

✓ The Criteria
1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination, as well as those who died after the
establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
2. Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have contributed in building a Filipino sense of
nationhood;
3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or style, thus earning distinction and making
an impact on succeeding generations of artists;
4. Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of work and/or consistently displayed
excellence in the practice of their art form thus enriching artistic expression or style; and
5. 5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through: • prestigious national and/or international recognition,
such as the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists Award and NCCA Alab ng Haraya; • critical
acclaim and/or reviews of their works; • respect and esteem from peers.
✓ Requirements
1. Cover letter from the nominating organization.
 - The cover letter shall be accompanied by a Board Resolution approving the nomination concerned with
the said resolution signed by the organization President and duly certified by the Board Secretary.
2. A duly accomplished nomination form;
3. A detailed curriculum vitae of the nominee;
4. A list of the nominee’s significant works categorized according to the criteria;
5. The latest photograph (color or black and white) of the nominee, either 5″ x 7″ or 8″ x 11″;
6. Pertinent information materials on the nominee’s significant works (on CDs, VCDs and DVDs);
7. Copies of published reviews; and
8. Any other document that may be required.
✓ Send to the following:
- The NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD SECRETARIAT
▪ Office of the Artistic Director Cultural Center of the Philippines Roxas Boulevard, 1300 Pasay
City
- The NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD SECRETARIAT
▪ Office of the Deputy Executive Director National Commission for Culture and the Arts 633
General Luna Street, Intramuros, Manila

❖ Honors and Privileges of a National Artist

1. The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;
2. The insignia of a National Artist and a citation;
3. A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by the highest
officers of the land such as:
- a cash award of One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) net of taxes, for living awardees;
- a cash award of Seventy Five Thousand Pesos (P75,000.00) net of taxes, for posthumous awardees, payable to
legal heir/s;
- a monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits
- life insurance coverage for Awardees who are still insurable;
- a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani;
- a place of honor, in line with protocular precedence, at national state functions, and recognition at cultural
events.
❖ Awardees
1. Architecture - Lucrecia R. Kasilag
- Pablo S. Antonio - Ernani J. Cuenco
- Leandro V. Locsin - Lucio San Pedro
- Juan F. Nakpil - Antonio J. Molina
- Ildefonso P. Santos - Francisco Feliciano
- Jose Maria V. Zaragoza - Levi Celerio
- Francisco T. Mañosa - Ramon P. Santos
- Jovita Fuentes
2. Cinema - Felipe Padilla de Leon
- Lamberto V. Avellana - Andrea Veneracion
- Lino Brocka - Honorate “Atang” dela Rama
- Ishmael Bernal - Ryan Cayabyab
- Manuel Conde
- Gerardo de Leon 8. Theater
- Ronald Alan K. Poe - Daisy Avellano
- Eddie S. Romero - Rolando S. Tinio
- Kidlat Tahimik - Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero
- Honorate “Atang” dela Rama
3. Fashion Design - Salvador F. Beral
- Ramon Valera - Severino Montano
- Lamberto V. Avellana
4. Theater Design - Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio
- Salvador F. Bernal
9. Visual Arts
5. Literature - Fernando Amorsolo
- Francisco Arcellana - Hernando R. Ocampo
- Edith L. Tiempo - Benedicto Cabrera
- Bienvenido Lumbera - Carlos “Botong” Francisco
- N.V.M. Gonzalez - Cesar Legaspi
- Virgilio S. Almario - Amdulmari Asia Imao
- Cirilo F. Bautista - Guillermo E. Tolentino
- Nick Joaquin - Arturo Luz
- Amado V. Hernandez - Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
- Lazaro Francisco - Napoleon V. Abueva
- F. Sionill Jose - J. Elizalde Navarro
- Carlos P. Romulo - Francisco Coching
- Jose Garcia Villa - Victorto C. Edades
- Alejandro Roces - Ang Klukok
- Rolano S. Tinio - Jose T. Joya
- Levi Celerio - Vicente Manansala
- Resil B. Mojares - Larry Alcala
- Ramon L. Muzones
10. Dance
6. Historical Literature - Francisca Reyes Aquino
- Carlos Quirino - Ramon Obusan
- Alice Reyes
7. Music - Leonor Orosa Goquingci
- Antonino Buenaventura - Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula
- Jose Maceda