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Physics Project Class 12

This document describes a student's physics investigatory project on studying different types of transformers. It includes a certificate certifying the student's completion of the project, an acknowledgement section thanking those who provided guidance and support, and sections on the aim of the project, transformer theory, materials required, procedures followed, conclusions drawn, precautions taken, and bibliography. The student experimentally studied step-up and step-down transformers by winding coils with different turn ratios and measuring the input and output voltages.

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Ankur Kumar
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1K views

Physics Project Class 12

This document describes a student's physics investigatory project on studying different types of transformers. It includes a certificate certifying the student's completion of the project, an acknowledgement section thanking those who provided guidance and support, and sections on the aim of the project, transformer theory, materials required, procedures followed, conclusions drawn, precautions taken, and bibliography. The student experimentally studied step-up and step-down transformers by winding coils with different turn ratios and measuring the input and output voltages.

Uploaded by

Ankur Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALL INDIA EXAMINATION

2019-2020

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

TRANSFORMER

Supervised by: -
Submitted by:-
Mr. PINKU SHARMA NAME:- ANKUR KUMAR

PGT, Physics Class :- XII ‘A’

ROLL NO.:-
Certificate
This is to certify that ANKUR KUMAR, a
student of class XII-A has successfully
completed the research on Study of
different types of transformers the
under the guidance of Dr. PINKU SHARMA
during the year 2019-2020 in partial
fulfilment of Physics practical
examination conducted CBSE Board,
New Delhi.

Signature of the external examiner Signature of the Physics teacher


Acknowledgement
In the accomplishment of this project successfully
many people have best owned upon me as their
blessing and the heart pledged support, this time I
am utilizing to thank all the people who have been
concerned with project.
Primarily I would like to thank god for being able to
complete this project with success. Then I would
like to thank my Physics teacher Dr. Ajay Gehlot
Sir whose valuable guidance has been the ones
that helped me patch this project and make it full
proof success his suggestions and instructions has
served as the major contribution. Then I would like
to thanks my Parents and Friends who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions and
guidance have been helpful in the various phases of
the completion of this project. Last I would like to
thank Myself for my determination and hard work
required for the completion in this project.
Index
1.Certificate of Excellence
2.Acknowledgement
3.Aim of the project
4.Theory
5.Material required
6.Procedure
7.Conclusion
8.Precautions
9.Bibliography
Objective
The objective of this experiment is to Study the
Different Types of Transformers
Theory
The transformer is a device used to convert a low alternating voltage
to a high alternating voltage or vice versa. It is based on the principal
of mutual induction. A transformer which increases the voltage is
called a step up transformer and which decreases the voltage is called
a step down transformer.When an alternating e.m.f is supplied to the
primary coil, an alternating current starts flowing in it. The alternating
current produces a changing magnetic flux, which induces alternating
voltage.
Let,
 Ep and Esare the instantaneous values of the E.M.F induced in
primary and secondary coil.
 Np and Nsare the no. of turns in primary and secondary coil.

 d/dt=rate of change of flux in each turn.

Therefore,
Ep = - Np(d /dt)
 .……(1)
Es = - Ns(d /dt)
 ……(2)
1.If there is no leakage of flux
By dividing Eq (2) by Eq (1), we have
Es/ Ep= Ns/ Np.…… (3)
2.If there is no power loss
Pp = P s
E p x I p = Es x I s
E s / Ep = I p / I s ………(4)
Hence,


Step Up Transformer

Current in secondary is weaker when secondary voltage is higher.Hence, whatever


we gain in voltage, we lose in current in the same ratio. A step up transformer
actually steps down the current and step up voltage. In this type of transformer:-
Ns> Np and Es >Ep
Step Down Transformer

Current in secondary is weaker when secondary voltage is higher. Hence,


whatever we gain in voltage, we lose in current in the same ratio. A step down
transformer actually steps up the current and step down voltage. In this type of
transformer:-
Ns< Np and Es < Ep
Efficiency
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as the ratio of output power to
the input power. For an ideal transformer, its value is 1.
But in practical due to different kind of energy loss,

Circuit Diagram
Energy Loss
1. Copper loss: -It is energy loss in the form of heat in the copper coils of a
transformer. This is due to joule heating of conducting wires.
2. Iron loss: -It is the loss in the form of heat in the iron ore of transformer.
This is due to formation of eddy current in iron core, it is minimised by
using laminated core.

3. Leakage of magnetic flux: -It occur inspite of best insulation. Rate of


change of magnetic flux linked with each turn of secondary coil is less than
rate of change in magnetic flux linked with each turn of primary coil.

4. Hysteresis Loss: -It is loss of energy due to repeated magnetization and


demagnetization of the iron core.

Material Required
1.Iron

2.Copper wire

3.Voltmeter

4.Ammeter

Procedure
 Step Down Transformer
1. Take a thick iron rode and cover it with thick paper and wind a
100 turns of copper wire on it. This constitutes primary coil of the
transformer.
2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and wound 50 turns
of copper wire on it. This constitutes the secondary coil.
3. Now measure the input and output voltage of the transformer.

 Step Up Transformer
1. Take a thick iron rode and cover it with thick paper and wind a 50
turns of copper wire on it. This constitutes primary coil of the
transformer.
2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and wound 100 turns
of copper wire on it. This constitutes the secondary coil.
3. Now measure the input and output voltage of the transformer.

Conclusion
1. The output voltage of the transformer depend the ratio of the no.
of turns in primary coil to no. of turns in secondary coil.
2. On increase in no. of turns of primary coil the current the output
current also increase.
Precautions
1. Keep yourself safe from high voltage.
2. Minimise the formation of eddy current.
3. While taking reading the current and voltage of the primary coil
should remain constant.

Bibliography
1. Help From Internet

2. Help From Teacher


3. Help From Library

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