中 Open Source in
China
國
J Aaron Farr
The JadeTower Corp
The Apache Software Foundation
[email protected]
言知
者者
道
不 不
德知 言
經
言知
者者
Those who know don’t talk,
Those who talk don’t know
道
不 不
德知 言
經
有 無 名 道
名 名 可 可
萬 天 名 道
物 地 非 非
之 之 常 常
道
德 母 始 名 道
經
有 無 名 道
The tao that can be told
is not the eternal Tao名 名 可 可
The name that can be named
萬 天 名
is not the eternal Name. 道
The unnamable is the物 地real.非
eternally 非
Naming is the origin
之 之 常
of all particular things. 常
道
德 母 始 名 道
經
中國
A Tour of China
China By The Numbers
No. 1 in FDI at around $60 billion since 2002
Avg 9.4% annual GDP growth rate for 25 years
Currently 4th largest economy
Will surpass UK, Germany, Italy, and France by the
end of the decade
to misunderstandings and a mismatch of
• Midsize. Fast-growing as today’s China is
China By The Numbers notes a 2005 estimated GDP of US$1.8 t
no more than a midsize economic power
growth trends hold, it will not catch up w
Figure 2 Figure 1
2020 and the US before 2040. That is, fo
Foreign Direct Investment into China Tomorrow’s Giants
U.S Dollars in Billions planning
The largest economies in 2050 horizon they will be competing
economy similar to European nations suc
Italy and Germany.
• Extreme contrasts. Although the scale of
market is indeed huge, the contrasts are
While average annual income reaches US
in the eastern coastal cities (US$5,000 in
fraction of that in the smaller cities, and
areas of the interior have been barely touch
These account for nearly half of the Chin
While there is a burgeoning Chinese mid
mass consumer markets will likely requi
product market approaches from those co
used to at home.
Figure 2
The Chinese Century
“We are about to wake up to a new business
environment, with new ground rules for business
competition, fresh terms of employment, and novel
consumption patterns -- one that will redraw the battle
lines on the political, economic, and social fronts, and
one that will place new challenges at the doorstep of
nations, firms, and individuals.”
-Oded Shenkar
The Chinese Century
顏 非 子 顏 爲 一 顏
淵 禮 曰 淵 仁 日 淵
曰 勿 非 曰 由 克 問
回 言 禮 請 己 己 仁
雖 非 勿 問 而 復 子
不 禮 視 其 由 禮 曰
敏 勿 非 目 仁 天 克
請 動 禮 乎 下 己
事 勿 哉 歸 復
斯 聽 仁 禮
語 焉 爲
矣 仁
Yen Yüan asked about the meaning of 顏非 子 顏 爲 一 顏
humaneness. The Master said, "To 淵 禮 曰 淵 仁 日 淵
completely overcome selfishness and曰 keep
勿 to 非 曰 由 克 問
propriety is humaneness. If for a full day you
can overcome selfishness and keep to 回言 禮 請 己 己 仁
propriety, everyone in the world will雖 非to 勿
return 問 而 復 子
humaneness. Does humaneness come from
不
oneself, or from others?" Yen Yüan asked:
禮 視 其 由 禮 曰
"May I ask in further detail how this敏is to勿
be 非 目 仁 天 克
brought about?" Confucius said, "Do請 not 動 禮 乎 下 己
watch what is improper; do not listen to what
is improper; do not speak improperly 事and do 勿 哉 歸 復
not act improperly." Yen Yüan said, 斯 聽 仁 禮
"Although I am not so perspicacious,語 I will 焉 爲
apply myself to this teaching."
矣 仁
文化
Chinese Culture
American Chinese
individualist collectivist
egalitarian hierarchical
information oriented relationship oriented
reductionist holistic
sequential circular
seeks the truth seeks the way
argument culture haggling culture
Chinese Culture
關係
Chinese Culture
Guan-Xi
Chinese Culture
Relationships
以 牝 天 天 大
靜 常 下 下 國
為 以 之 之 者
下 靜 牝 交 下
勝 流
牡
以 牝 天 天 大
靜 常 下 下 國
為 以 之 之 者
下 靜 牝 交 下
When a country obtains great power,
it becomes like the sea:勝 流
all streams run downward into it.
牡
The more powerful it grows,
the greater the need for humility.
软件市场
Software Exports
400
300
200
100
0
2000
Software Exports
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2000 2005
Software Exports
15,000
11,250
7,500
3,750
0
2000 2005 2010
China Ministry of Information Industry
China IT Industry
Graduate 100,000 programmers each year
Domestic software market $5.8 billion in 2005, up 17%
Domestic IT services market $9.8 billion, up 20%
160 million Internet users, 8% of the population
Java developer hourly rate: under $10 USD
Intellectual Property
Yamaha: 5 out of every 6 motorcycles
DVD: 95% piracy rate
Software: 94% piracy rate
Economics of Piracy
Economics of Piracy
2002: 852 raids for illegal CD/DVD
Economics of Piracy
2002: 852 raids for illegal CD/DVD
99.5% convicted
Economics of Piracy
2002: 852 raids for illegal CD/DVD
99.5% convicted
764 fined under $1,000
Economics of Piracy
2002: 852 raids for illegal CD/DVD
99.5% convicted
764 fined under $1,000
Only 2 fined $5,000 - $10,000
報 大 味 事為
怨 小 無 無無
以 多 味 事為
德少
報 大 味 事為
怨 小 無 無無
以 多 味 事為
Act without doing;
德少
work without effort.
Find taste in the tasteless
Think of the small as large
and the few as many.
Answer evil with inner power.
开源软件
Open Source in China
Analyst forecast China’s Linux market will grow ~30%
yearly from 2006-2010
Linux sales in 2005 were $21 million, 81% increase
or $11.8 million, up 27.1%
Other open source software sales $19 million
Linux market share increase 4.2% to 9.8% between
2003 and 2005
Open Source in China
China's open source communities
are relatively small and don't have
much influence. There is a lack of
big projects, few participants, and
little money.
- Hu Ke, CCID Analyst
Open Source in China
In China, Open Source = Linux
Server, embedded, mobile (30.3%)
Use of open source is increasing rapidly and broadly
Participation in open source is lagging behind
Government driven versus market driven
Concern about a “business model” for FOSS in China
Organizations
China Open Source Promotion Union
Hong Kong Open Source Software Center
Macau Open Source Software Association
Beijing Linux Users Group
Taipei Open Source Software Users Group
and many more...
Events
Linux World China 2004-2006
Open Source Software Summit, Beijing 2006
China Linux User Convention, Beijing 2006
Open Source Developers Conference, Taipei 2007
Open China, Open World, Guangzhou 2007
and many more...
Projects
RedFlag Linux
Pugs (Perl 6 in Haskell)
SVK
XOOPS
OpenFoundry: 703 projects, 4214 users
Many language tools, fonts, and translations
Challenges
Top down approach
Closed community, open source
Complexity in copyright laws
Communities tend to be very fragile
以吾以以以
此何無奇正
以事用治
知取兵國
其天
然下
哉
以吾以以以
此何無奇正
以
If you want to be a great leader,
事 用 治
you must learn to follow the知 Tao. 取 兵 國
Stop trying to control.
其
Let go of fixed plans and concepts,
and the world will govern itself.
天
然下
哉
案例研究
Case Study: Xoops
Extensible Object Oriented Portal System
PHP + MySQL CMS
Started in 2001 with 2 developers (1 China, 1 Japan)
Currently 4 main developers, 149 committers
English, Chinese, French, Japanese, Brazillian, Spanish
and Italian communities
XOOPS China
15,000 registered users on Xoops.org.cn
Specific resources for Chinese users and a China
community model
Support and encouragement of consultants, use in
business and education
Feedback, translations, modules, bug fixes
http://stephesblog.blogs.com/beijingOSForum/XOOPS-TaiwenJiang.pdf
Competition vs Collaboration
Active effort to encourage global participation
Documentation Translation
Encouragement of localized groups
Coordination between communities
百 功 悠有信其 其 其 太
姓 成 兮不不次 次 次 上
皆 事 其信足侮 畏 親 下
謂 遂 貴焉焉之 之 而 知
我 言 譽有
自 之之
然
When the Master governs, the
people百 功 悠有信其 其 其 太
are hardly aware that he exists.
姓 成 兮不不次 次 次 上
Next best is a leader who is loved.
Next, one who is feared.
皆 事 其信足侮 畏 親 下
The worst is one who is despised.
If you謂
don't遂 貴
trust the焉 焉之 之 而 知
people,
我 言
you make them untrustworthy.
譽有
When自 之之
The Master doesn't talk, he acts.
his work is done,
we did然
the people say, "Amazing:
it, all by ourselves!"
香港
Apache at Hong Kong
OS Summit Asia
November 26-27, 2007
Cyberport, Hong Kong
In cooperation with the Eclipse Foundation
CFP Soon!
謝謝
Thank You!
J Aaron Farr
[email protected]
cubiclemuses.com
