International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016

ISSN 2229-5518
152

A Review on working of Compressor Less Refrigerator

Sourav Garg1, Rajat Dheeman2, Akshay Kumar3, Harender Kumar4.

I. Abstract:
The impact of on-going progress in Science and Technology has created a variety
of systems that can be used in the generation of power from Renewable Sources
of energy and one of these is Solar Energy. The project which we have prepared
utilizes either solar energy with the use of Thermoelectric Module and
Photovoltaic Module for generation of energy or simply direct electricity which
we further use for cooling and heating effect. It is basically a portable cooler
which is mainly designed for the convenience of the travelling people and the
militaries. The most important utilization of this portable cooler is for the

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preservation of insulin in extreme conditions. A Thermoelectric module (TEM) is
used instead of compressor so that it become portable, as it is based on the
principles of peltier effect. The use of peltier effect is to create a heating side and
a cooling side and also to maintain effectiveness.
Keywords: Peltier effect, Thermo-electric module, photovoltaic module

II. Introduction: for refrigeration purpose. In this

project we have tried to minimize the
Evaporative cooling in refrigeration is
effect of outside environment. With
an old idea but due to its dependency
time many techniques, laws and
on outside environment (relative
methods have been discovered by
humidity, dry bulb temperature) it is
scientists. The Seebeck and Peltier
limited to certain parts of world.
Effect account to be one of them.
Some of the examples for
When a closed circuit of two
evaporative cooling are, clay pots
dissimilar metals and two junctions is
used in India for cooling the drinking
formed, a current will flow between
water. In Mexico, fishermen use
the junctions or the circuit. This
freezer to produce ice for storing fish.
phenomenon is known as the
In Australia, Cool gardie safe are used
Seebeck effect. The effect takes place

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016
ISSN 2229-5518
153

when the temperature between the takes place totally due to electricity
junctions shows difference. The (here for efficiency and fast rate of
greater the temperature difference, cooling Refrigerants), compressors
the more will be the electric current are used.
between the junctions. This is the
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
fundamental principle used in the
thermocouple. The combinations of The prototype compressor less
metals or semiconductors affect the refrigerator was designed and
flow of current. Jean.C.Peltier, a developed for monitoring its
French watchmaker and an amateur performance in Indian climate and
scientist discovered a reverse effect evaluates the economic feasibility
of the Seebeck. He discovered that and affordability in domestic,
commercial and industrial
using joined dissimilar metals heat
applications. In this method, this
pump can be made. He found that by
prototype refrigeration system,

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the use of two dissimilar metals if refrigerator either used the
current is passed between the photovoltaic power or direct
junctions, the two junctions will electricity for performing its
create a temperature difference operations. This system was designed
between them. One junction with battery storage for enhancing
becomes hot and the other becomes the performance of the refrigerator.
cool. This is the basis on which our This was different from conventional
project works. The Peltier effect is refrigeration systems, thermo-electric
the heat liberation at one junction of refrigeration. It was mainly based on
thermocouple and heat absorption the Peltier effect and it does not
require any compressor, expansion
at the other, when an electric
valves, absorbers, condensers or
current flows into it. This effect is
solution pumps. In this system
used in thermal analysis and also for
electrons were used as a heat carrier
heat flow compensation. With time instead of the refrigerants. They have
many researches were conducted, made a new refrigeration cum
many new theories and with them heating utilizing 3 thermo-electric
many new devices were put forth. Air (TEC) modules mounted around a
Conditioner, Refrigerator etc. are few load cabinet. The performance of this
of them, where by the use of method was evaluated with an
electricity, cooling is obtained. But in aluminium cabinet. The cabinet
these devices cooling does not just attained a temperature of about 8◦c

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016
ISSN 2229-5518
154

(min) till 200◦c (max). It was observed has more obvious advantages [2]. It
in this experiment that the life span does not use refrigerants without
of thermo-electric heater cum environment pollution and
refrigeration was more than twice complicated transmission pipeline. It
the life span of existing conventional can only cool a special device or a
refrigeration (or) heater system. specific area. The cooling box has
S. Haidar et al [1] described the
small size and light weight, and it can
conversion of thermal energy into
save the construction area
electrical energy (Seebeck effect) or
electrical energy into thermal energy significantly. No mechanical rotation,
(Peltier effect) takes place with the so the cooling box is reliable and the
help of thermo-electric devices. The maintenance was easy without noise
electromotive force was generated and wear. It can achieve the two
when heating between two dissimilar different purposes of cooling and
metals takes place. In this the reverse heating by changing the direction of

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operation was also possible. The current. The cooling was quick and it
transformation of heat from one side can be controlled by regulating the
to another side was made possible by work of power, so the control is very
passing electric current with the convenient. In this case, the product
development of semiconductors. In
was designed by combining the two
this Peltier cells were used as a heat
advantages. The system includes
pump. That was used for cooling the
solar cells, controllers, batteries,
small refrigerator, CPU coolers, and
electronic component. semiconductor refrigeration part, and
so on. Since solar energy is not
IV. EXISTING SYSTEM continuous, in order to ensure that
the refrigerator can be worked
In recent years the price of continuously at night and cloudy
thermoplastic materials is declining, days, generally the system was
so the cost of semiconductor and equipped with a Single mode phase
refrigeration production will supply system (SMPS) which work on
decrease, and its performance has electric power and convert 250V into
improved, which greatly contribute to 12V.
the promotion of the technology of
semiconductor refrigeration. In
contrast, semiconductor refrigeration

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016
ISSN 2229-5518
155

V. FUTURE SCOPE Conference at Purdue, July 14-17,

To build a real time system with, 2008.
1. High efficiency for the [3] Astrain D and Vian J G (2005),
domestic purpose. “Computational Model for
2. To reduce the size of the panel Refrigerators Based on Peltier Effect
as much as possible. Application”, Applied Thermal
With recent development taking Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 13, pp.
place in field of thermoelectric and 3149-3162.
Nano science different thermoelectric [4] Christian J L and Jadar R Barbosa
material with high temperature Jr (2011), “Thermodynamic
difference to be explored this will Comparison of Peltier, Stirling, and
further help to reduce the Vapor Compression Portable
temperature, current below and can Coolers”, Applied Energy,
also perform better at higher Vol. 9, pp. 51-58.
ambient conditions. [5] Ho-Sung Lee (2010), “Thermal

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Design Heat Sink”, Thermoelectrics,
Heat Pipes and Solar Cell, pp. 510-
VI. CONCLUSION 520.
In this paper, the Peltier module is
[6] Ritzer T M and Lau P G (1994),
used for the purpose of heating and
“Economic Optimization of Heat Sink
cooling. The minimum temperature
Design”, 13th International
achieved was found to be 20◦c for
Conference on Thermoelectric, Vol.
cooling and the maximum
33, pp. 77-100.
temperature was 60◦c for heating in
[6] Rowe D M (1995),
this experiment. The cost of solar
“Thermoelectric”, CRC Handbook,
panels is high, so the size of solar
Vol. 2, pp. 21-22.
panel must be replaced in order to
[7] Roy J Dossat (2002), Principles of
reduce the cost.
Refrigeration, Vol. 2, pp. 184-185.
[8] Zhang H Y (2010), “A General
VII. REFERENCES Approach in Evaluating and
[1] Haidar. S, Isaac. I “Thermo-electric Optimizing Thermoelectric
Cooling Using Peltier Cells in Coolers”, Int. Journal of Refrigeration,
Cascade,” (2004). Vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 1187-1196.
[2] Sanjay Kumar A Borikar and Uday
S Wankhede “Experimental analysis
of solar refrigeration system” in the
proceedings of the International

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